International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 6 Issue 2, January-February 2022 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Performance Evaluation of Environmentally Sustainable

Waste Polythene Fiber Reinforced Bituminous Mix for Roads
Sanyog Mishra1, Prof. Afzal Khan2
1
M Tech Scholar, 2Associate Professor,
1,2
Department of Civil Engineering, Millennium Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Sanyog Mishra |

This lookup files a full-size find out about on the plan and Prof. Afzal Khan "Performance
characterization of asphalt combinations for use as avenue pavement Evaluation of Environmentally
material. Several factors of asphalt combinations had been addressed Sustainable Waste Polythene Fiber
the usage of the kingdom of the artwork laboratory take a look at gear Reinforced Bituminous Mix for Roads"
Published in
and technical literature from one of a kind data sources. A systematic,
International
simplified graph strategy used to be advocated in which asphalt Journal of Trend in
combos are designed based totally on the locking factor concept, Scientific Research
analytical mixture gradation approach and integral mechanistic and Development
homes that describe the conduct of asphalt combos based totally on (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
sound engineering principles. In this thesis be use the Marshall 6470, Volume-6 | IJTSRD49430
approach for finding out the proper proportion of the waste Issue-2, February
polythene. Waste plastic is accumulation all over the world inflicting 2022, pp.1307-1312, URL:
serious environmental problems. This paper goals to find out about www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49430.pdf
the Plastic Waste Mixed Bituminous Concrete Using Dry Process for
Road Construction. The learn about evaluates the addition of Copyright © 2022 by author (s) and
International Journal of Trend in
shredded waste plastic in the bituminous concrete which
Scientific Research and Development
consequences in enormous enlarge in the balance fee and Marshall Journal. This is an
Properties of mix. The learn about displays that the use of waste Open Access article
plastic in bituminous concrete is secure and sustainable for street distributed under the
construction. terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
KEYWORDS: Bituminous Concrete, Waste Polythene, Road (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
construction

1. INTRODUCTION
Road transport in Indian has been creating at a very
speedy fee in view of a number blessings it enjoys.
Motor automobile populace is presently witnessing a
so appalling that serious monetary losses like gas
wastages, delays, congestion, accidents and air
pollution risks are posing daunting challenges.
Therefore with the accelerated visitors planners
obtained understand that there is a want to improve
India’s avenue system. The new avenue ought to be
succesful of managing the make bigger in the quantity
of motor automobiles with comfort, speed, and safety.
For this big investments are required to achieve. Road
community of any united states is spine of its
economy. Construction of avenue contain big
quantity of money. One can gain the favored
sturdiness and Considerable saving might also be
carried out for the duration of the development of
roads if desirable engineering diagram is done. The
favored residences to be viewed throughout sketch of
bituminous combine are enough stability, durability,
Flexibility, Skid resistance, Workability, Air voids
and Economy. Increase in population, fast
urbanization, improvement things to do and trade in
lifestyles fashion has resulted in enlarge of quantum
of plastic waste in India. This massive quantity of
generated plastic had emerge as a serious hassle for
our environment. The disposal of plastic wastes is a
excellent problem. These are non-biodegradable
product due to which these substances pose
environmental air pollution and troubles like breast
cancer, reproductive troubles in human beings and
animals, genital abnormalities and even in human
sperm depend and satisfactory [1]. One of the options
to this hassle is to convert the waste plastic into some
beneficial product. Indian authorities has already
taken an initiative to put in force 4R coverage i.e
reuse, reduce, recycle and get better in the shape of
“Swach Bharat Abhiyan”.

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The technology of waste plastic has induced many
penalties on the environment, ensuing in huge landfill
mountainous structure which is detrimental to the
human health as good as to all residing organisms.
Therefore, the recycling and reusing of plastic wastes
is observed to be greater advantageous. The natural
bitumen extraction has resulted in greater utilization
of non-renewable sources which are no longer
sustainable in environment. The plastic utilization in
roads can alternative some share of natural bitumen
that is extracted or distilled from petroleum sources.
The rutting, cracking, formation of potholes and
disintegration of ground layers of flexible pavements
roads due to temperature and seasonal variations,
stresses due to heavy traffic lots generally occurs.
Hence the utilization of waste plastic in the roads can
limit the above penalties and for this reason it is
higher indispensable to make the roads higher lengthy
lasting and stronger. The present locate out about
investigates the use of plastic waste the utilization of
dry gadget in bituminous concrete for avenue
construction.
2. Literature Review
Amit Goel, Sandeep Potnis (2019) With the Indian
Road Congress bringing out a code of specs on plastic
roads (IRC SP: ninety eight -2013), many companies
are coming ahead to enforce plastic roads in India as
it is a sustainable approach and additionally want of
the hour. However, for a massive scale
implementation, the overall performance and
durability of these roads want to be evaluated
comprehensively. This paper offers the a number
residences of bituminous mix with 8% waste plastic
when in contrast with everyday bituminous combine
with the assist of a comparative case study. In Pune,
Maharashtra, India ten town roads which had been
overlaid with regular bituminous combine and ten
roads which have been overlaid by means of bitumen
blended with shredded waste plastic have been
studied for their overall performance over period of
two years from the time of laying of the overlays.
Laboratory experiments and on- area exams have
been carried out to consider their useful and overall
performance traits after they had been opened to
traffic. The effects document an increased overall
performance of plastic roads over the traditional ones.
Rahman MT, Mohajerani A, Filippo Giustozzi (2020)
Waste administration has grown to be a difficulty of
growing challenge worldwide. These merchandise are
filling landfills and lowering the quantity of livable
space. Leachate produced from landfills contaminates
the surrounding environment. The traditional
incineration system releases poisonous airborne
fumes into the atmosphere. Researchers are working
continually to discover sustainable approaches to
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD49430 | Volume – 6 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2022
manipulate and recycle waste materials. Recycling
and reuse are the most environment friendly
techniques in waste management. The pavement
enterprise is one promising sector, as one of a kind
varieties of waste are being recycled into asphalt
concrete and bitumen. This paper presents an
overview of some promising waste merchandise like
high-density polyethylene, marble quarry waste,
constructing demolition waste, floor tire rubber,
cooking oil, palm oil gas ash, coconut, sisal, cellulose
and polyester fiber, starch, plastic bottles, waste glass,
waste brick, waste ceramic, waste fly ash, and
cigarette butts, and their use in asphalt concrete and
bitumen. Many specialists have investigated these
waste substances and tried to discover methods to use
this waste for asphalt concrete and bitumen. In this
paper, the effects from some considerable lookup
have been analyzed, and the scope for in addition
investigation is discussed. Sandip Karmakar, Tapas
Kumar Roy (2021) The charge of uncooked polymers
used for making most of the waste plastics has limited
the implementation of polymer modified bitumen
(PMB) solely to the primary avenue projects. In view
of the same, a try to make a PMB via such wastes
used to be viewed as a “state-of-art” in this
investigation. Therefore, the distinct proportions of
waste plastic fractions have been blended with the
pristine bitumen and the ensuing mixture
characterized by means of thermal kinetics analysis,
microstructural analysis, and Marshall Mix design,
respectively. The main findings have envisioned the
very best thermal steadiness of the combination used
to be done via mixing plastic bags, plastic milk
pouches, and plastic cups collectively in share of
2:0.25:1 to virgin bitumen with no thermal
decomposition. Further, uniform dispersion of “bee-
like structure” in that mixture has mirrored its
homogeneity. Besides, such modified bitumen has
improved the Marshall quotient of the bituminous
combine by using 16%, which can preferentially be
used in the rural roads safely, verified via Marshall
Mix design.
3. Objectives
In this thesis, the results of the bituminous mix design
aims to estimate the proportions of bitumen, filler
material, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates &
polythene to produce a mix which should have
1. To use waste plastic in flexible road construction
2. To easily dispose the plastic waste in road
pavement
3. To protect the environment
4. To Determination of engineering properties of
modified bitumen at various dosages of Polythene
modifiers.
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5. Determination of Physical Properties of
bituminous mix prepared with Polythene
modified bitumen at varying dosage of modifier.
6. Selection of optimal dosage of Polythene modifier
for modification of bitumen.
4. Methodology
Aggregates
Most of the road aggregates are prepared from natural
rock. Gravel aggregates area unit tiny rounded stones
of various sizes that area unit usually obtained per se
from some stream beds. Sand is ok mixture from
weathering of rock. The properties of the rock, from
that the aggregates are shaped; depend upon the
properties of constituent materials and therefore the
Waste Polythene
nature of bond between them. Based on the origin,
natural rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary
and metamorphic. Texture are the important factor, it
is affecting the property of the rock and the
fragments.
Bitumen
Present or crude bitumen may be a sticky, tar-like sort
of crude that is therefore thick and serious that it
should be heated or diluted before it'll flow. At
temperature, it's very like cold syrup. Refined
bitumen is that the residual (bottom) fraction obtained
by fractionation of fossil fuel. It’s the heaviest
fraction and therefore the one with the highest boiling
purpose, boiling at 525 °C (977 °F).

AFTER SHRED

Figure 1 Polythene used Figure 2 Shredded Polythene

Polythene Purchased from the kabadkhana near Bhopal Railway Station at Rs 60/kg. After bringing it to
laboratory sieving is done to see the percentage of Polythene fiber according to size and the percentage obtained
is as shown in table 1.
Table 1: Size wise distribution of Polythene fiber
Size of Sieve ( mm ) Polythene ( gm ) Percentage
6.35 mm-4.75mm 760 gm 33 %
4.75 mm-2.3mm 720 gm 32 %
2.3 mm-1.2mm 720 gm 32 %
<1.2 mm 100 gm 3%
Results and Analysis
Based on volume considered in calculating specific gravity of an aggregate, some definitions of specific gravity
are proposed here below.
1. Marshall Stability Value vs. Bitumen Content
2. Marshall Flow Value vs. Bitumen Content
3. VMA vs. Bitumen Content
4. VA vs. Bitumen Content
5. VFB vs. Bitumen Content
Table 2 Data for Plotting Curves Marshall Stability Value Vs. Bitumen + Polythene Content
Sample No Bitumen % Polythene content Stability Value, kg
1 5.5 0 730.667
2 5.5 1 752.333
3 5.5 2 769.667
4 5.5 3 849.000
5 5.5 4 916.333
6 5.5 5 800.667
7 5.5 6 665.667

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Fig 3 Plotting Curves Marshall Stability Value vs Bitumen + Polythene Content

Table 3 Data for plotting curves Marshall Flow Value vs. Bitumen + poythene Content
Sample No Polythene % Flow Value, mm
1 0 2.26
2 1 2.397
3 2 2.677
4 3 3.27
5 4 3.68
6 5 4.153
7 6 5.64

Fig 4 Plotting Curves Marshall Flow Value VS Bitumen + Polythene Content

Table 4 Data for plotting curves Average value VMA, VA, AND VFB
Sample no. Polythene % VMA VA VFB
1 0 15.819 7.243 54.188
2 1 13.642 6.266 54.169
3 2 11.936 5.318 55.248
4 3 11.696 4.805 58.446
5 4 11.439 3.754 66.998
6 5 10.700 2.557 75.933
7 6 9.670 2.162 77.727

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Fig 5 Plotting curves Average value VMA with % of poythene Content

Fig 6 Potting curves Average value VA with % of poythene Content

Fig 7 Plotting curves Average value VFB with % of poythene Content

Conclusion
From this paper conclude below point:-
1. Maximum Marshall Stability value is 915 at 5%
of polythene content and 5.5 % constant bitumen
content.
2. It is watched that the Marshall Stability value is
increased at the percentage of 5% and that
decreased
3. Marshall Flow value increased with increasing the
polythene content Marshall Stability= 915 kg
Bitumen content corresponding to maximum Stability
= 5.5 %
Bitumen content (5.5%) and polythene content (5%)
corresponding to
Air voids = 3.75%
VFB at 5.1 % = 66.95%
For a country like India, where hot temperature
prevails in summer in several parts, permanent
deformation of bituminous layer is a major concern.
This problem can be addressed by adopting courser
gradation for wearing course. In the Marshall stability
value increases with polyethylene content up to 5%
and thereafter decreases.
5. References
[1] Rohilla, V. and Malik, P., 2013 Use of waste
excessive density polyethylene as bitumen
modifier in asphalt concrete mix.
[2] Shu, X. and Huang, B., 2014. Recycling of
waste tire rubber in asphalt and Portland
cement concrete: an overview. Construction
and Building Materials, 67, pp.217-224.
Vancouver

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
[3] Bhageerathy K. P, Anu P. Alex, Manju V. S,
Raji A. K (2014) “Use of Biomedical Plastic
Waste in Bituminous Road Construction”
International Journal of Engineering and
Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 –
8958, Volume-3 Issue-6.
[4] Behnood, A., Gharehveran, M.M., Asl, F.G.
and Ameri, M., 2015. Effects of copper slag
and recycled concrete combination on the
residences of CIR mixes with bitumen
emulsion, rice husk ash, Portland cement and
fly ash. Construction and Building Materials,
96, pp.172-180.
[5] Moghaddam, T.B., Soltani, M. and Karim,
M.R., 2017. Stiffness modulus of Polyethylene
Terephthalate modified asphalt mixture: A
statistical evaluation of the laboratory trying
out results. Materials & Design, 68, pp.88-96.
[6] Tiwari, a.v. And rao, y.r.m., 2018. Study of
plastic waste bituminous concrete the use of dry
procedure of mixing for street construction.
Transport & logistics, 17(43).
[7] Singh, P. and Swamy, A.K., 2019. Effect of
ageing degree on viscoelastic homes of asphalt
binder containing waste polyethylene.
International Journal of Sustainable
Engineering, pp.1-8.
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[8] Arjita Biswas, Amit Goel, Sandeep Potnis,
Performance Evaluation of Sustainable
bituminous Plastic roads for Indian conditions,
International Journal of Engineering and
Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 –
8958, Volume-9 Issue-1, October 2019, PP-
6384-6392
[9] Rahman MT1, Mohajerani A, Filippo
Giustozzi, Recycling of Waste Materials for
Asphalt Concrete and Bitumen, School of
Engineering, RMIT University, , Australia,
Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 25 Mar 2020,
DOI: 10.3390/ma13071495
[10] Sandip Karmakar, Tapas Kumar Roy, Effect of
specific waste plastic fractions on the thermal
kinetics and microstructural behaviour of
bitumen used for bituminous mix, Canadian
Journal of Civil Engineering • 23 July 2021
[11] T. B. Vishnu & Kh. Lakshman Singh , A find
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[12] Fengchi Xu, Yao Zhao, Kangjian Li, Using
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