Chapter 5

Egypt: the gift of the Nile.

Topic 1:
Africa, the second largest continent.
Was once connected with Asia by the Isthmus of Suez Canal, but since
1869, has separated.
World’s largest desert: Sahara Desert.
World’s longest river: Nile river.
The most ancient name for Egypt: Mizraim (the name of one of Ham’s
sons).
The Bibles calls Egypt: The Land of Ham.
Egypt has been called “the seedbed of African cultures”.
Early times Egypt consisted of a number of small-states called: nomes.
Strong rulers or Pharaohs rule this nomes until there were only 2:
1.Lower Egypt (the Nile Delta)
2.Upper Egypt (from the Delta near Memphis to the First Cataract south of
Thebes)
Menes: the first pharaoh of all Egypt (because he united the 2 states).
Egypt became known as: The Kingdom of The Two Lands.
At the time in the Bible, in Exodus: Egypt was the greatest and most
magnificent power of the ancient world. In that time, they have a big
commerce.
Herodotus: The Greek “Father of History”.
Herodotus called Egypt the gift of the Nile.
The Nile formed a rich alluvial plain of fertile soil known as the: Nile Delta.
Written Egypt, they developed pictures writing, with 700 characters that
are known as: hieroglyphics.
Literature: The most important Egyptian work was the: Book of the Dead
(was placed in tombs to protect the spirits of the dead).
Ancient Egypt had several capital cities, the 2 most important were:
1.Memphis.
2.Thebes.
Thebes there was a city called: “city of the dead”: necropolis.
Government: the pyramids are the best symbolizes the Egyptian
conception of state and society.
Education: Egyptian families wanted their sons to be more than craftsmen,
they have to study in the scribal school, there they teach from royal,
noble, or wealthy families how to read and write.
Religion: The early pharaohs erected huge stone pyramids in the desert
sands west of Memphis to serve as “houses of eternity” for their mortal
remains.
The GREAT PYRAMID OF CHEOPS: also called KHUFU AT GIZA, remains one
of the wonders of the world.
Tutankhamen: a teenage pharaoh who died at the age of 18, was found
and opened.
In Egypt: his tomb was filled with treasures. Monumental pyramids,
magnificent tombs, and the processes of mummification (preservation of
dead bodies), but they don’t have immortality.

Topic 2:
Ancient History:
1.The Old Kingdom: they achieved their greatest accomplishments in art
and architecture during this time. Dynasties III-VI.
The monarchs: Khufu(Cheops), Khafre, and Menkaure, and also the
builders of the 3 largest pyramids at Giza.
They nearby THE GREAT SPHINX: with the head of a man and the body of a
lion, bears the likeness of Khafre.
The Old kingdom struggle for kindship among competing nobles.
2.The Middle Kingdom: King Mentuhotep I, of the 11 dynasty reunited the
two lands and paved the way the Middle Kingdom and the powerful Twelf
Dynasty.
Established their capital at Thebes, expand Egyptian influence into Asia.
The Middle kingdom came to an end when certain Asiatic warriors the
Hyksos, “shepherd kings” or “rulers of foreign countries”, ravaged Egypt.
3.The New Kingdom: the new king Ahmose I, a Theban prince who
founded the New kingdom.
Ahmose the I monarch of the 18 Dynasty.
Moses foster mother may have been: Hatshepsut, the strong-willed
daughter of Thutmose I. And she was A FEMALE PHRAOH.
The New kingdom also known as the EGYPTIAN EMPIRE, reestablished its
empire in Asia.
Thutmose III, extended Egypt’s borders.
His son Amenhotep II, may have been pharaoh during the Hebrew exodus.
Ramses II: who fought the Hitties in Asia and sponsored much building
activity.
Alexandria: Egypt, became the most important city in Alexander’s empire.
The new capital: Cairo, became the center of Egyptian life and one of the
great cities of the Arab world.

Chapter 6:
Other African cultures:
Topic 1:
Much of Africa was known as the : Dark Continent.
About 2/5 of the African continent is covered with desert.
The Sahara: the world’s largest desert.
The Kalahari Desert spans much of southern Africa.
Savannas: vast tracts of land characterized by wet and dry seasons.
Atlas Mountains: extend 1,500 miles through Morocco, Algeria, and
Tunisia.
Mount Kilimanjaro: Africa’s tallest mountain, crowned with snow year-
round.
Lake Victoria: Africa’s largest lake, is the source of the Nile river.
Lake Tanganyika: the world’s longest and second deepest lake, is a source
of water for the Congo River.
The Great Rift Valley: the largest rift in the earth’s surface.

Topic 2:
Descendants of Ham’s sons: Mizraim, Phut, and Cush migrated to Africa
from Babel. Mizraim’s descendants settled in Egypt.
Phut’s descendant settled in the region now occupied by the Sahara
Desert.
This area is called: Phut, Put, or Libya.
Artisans and Craftmen: painted scenes from everyday life on the rocks of
the Sahara’s high central plateaus.
The greatest ancient civilization in Africa’s interios: The Kingdom of Cush
(also spelled Kush).
Cushite warrior: Piankhi, overcame Egypt and bagen a period of Sudanese
rule over Egypt.
Cush was often called: Nubia or Ethiopia.
Sabae: one of the most mountainous regions of Africa, also known as
Seba, later as the KINGDOM OF AKSUM.
The queen of Sheba: brought gold, precious stones, and costly spices as
tribute to King Solomon in Jerusalem.
Two Christians youths from Rome: Edesius and Frumentius, they were
taken as slaves in Ethiopia.
Alexandria in Egytp, Cyrene in Libya, and Carthage in Tunisia. Important
people of Christianity.
Clement of Alexandria hymn: “Shepherd of Tender Youth” is the oldest
surviving Christian hymn.
The 2 greatest north Africa Christians were: Athanasius and Augustine of
Hippo.
The Ghana Empire: ruled by African tribal chiefs.
Middles Eastern Arabs brought salt, copper, fruits, exchange for gold,
ivory and slaves.
The Mali Empire: the greatest ruler, Mansa Musa, the important trading
center of Timbuktu into a famous center for learning and culture.
The Songhai Empire: its capital on the Niger River, the rulers of Songhai
especially Askia the Great.
Animism: the belief that natural objects and forces are inhabited by
mostly malignant spirits.

Chapter 7:
Greece: home of Beauty.
Topic 1:
Balkan Peninsula, east side: the Black sea, and the Aegean Sea, in the west
the Ionian Sea.
The gulf of Corinth: divides mainland Greece in two, lies between the two
prominent regions of ancient Greece: Attica and the Peloponnesus.
The islands of the Aegean Sea are known as the Aegean Civilization.
Minoas on the islands of Crete, the Mycenaeans on the Greek mainland,
the Trojans on the city of troy.
Minoans: developed the 1 important European civilization after the Flood.
The palace of the legendary King Minos at Knossos, was discovered.
Minoan civilization ends, thanks to natural disasters around 1400 B.C.
The Mycenaeans: named for the city of Mycenae on the Greek mainland,
were the greeks of the Trojan War as recounted in Homer’s epics the Iliad
and the Odyssey.
The Dorians invader the Mycenaeans.
The Mycenaens escape to Asia minor and became known as Ionians.
The Trojan war: Mycenaens destroyed the city of Troy.in this thing happen
the history of the Trojan Horse, and they were hidden soldiers.
Homer poem.