Page 1 of 5

DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 4

Content Standard: Different Types of soil

Performance Standard:
Learning Competency: Compare and contrast the characteristics of different types of soil

I. Objective: At the end of a 60-minute lesson, 80% of the pupils will be able to:
A. Identify the different types of soil based on their physical characteristics. (S4ES-IVa-1)

II. Subject Matter

A. Soil: Its Types and Characteristics
B. Materials: Charts, Pictures, Soil, Soil Holder /Tester
C. Reference: Teacher Guide pp. 287-293, Learners’ Materials pp. 244-251
D. Processing Skills: Observing, Describing, Investigating, Explaining, Synthesizing ideas,
and Communicating
E. Values Integration: Care for Nature
F. Integration:
Math: Finding the area of a rectangle
Science: Soil Erosion (Science 5)
Agriculture: Mga Uri ng Lupa na Angkop sa Paghahalaman

III. Preparatory Activities

Teacher’s Activity Pupils’ Activity
A. Elicit (2 minutes)
1. Unfreezing
Action Song: Earth! We’re in It Together (The pupils will sing along and dance with
the song: Earth! We’re in It Together)
2. Drill

Locate the following words in the crossword puzzle:

soil, sand, loam and clay.
C L A Y B D R
C L A Y B D R A O R Q W N M
A O R Q W N M D A G E D S G
D A G E D S G H M I H S A N
H M I H S A N K G S A N D
K G S A N D G H O G E R N
G H O G E R N H T I K W F I
H T I K W F I U E L P R Y U
U E L P R Y U

3. Review Yes, Ma’am.

Last time, we discussed about the meaning of soil, didn’t
we?
(Possible Answers)
Make a 2 claps if the sentence tells about the soil and
2 stamps if not. 1. 2 claps
1. Soil is a very important natural resource on earth 2. 2 claps
made up of tiny particles of rocks and decayed plants 3. 2 claps
and animals. 4. 2 stamps
2. It also contains water and some gases found at the 5. 2 stamps
uppermost layer.
3. Soil covers most of the land part of the earth.
4. You cannot find plants, animals, houses and other
organisms on the soil.
5. Soil do not help us.
 Page 2 of 5

B. Engage (3 minutes)
4. Motivation / Presentation
(Allow the pupils to go outside of the class room where
they can walk on the school ground (un cemented) for 3
to 5 minutes. If the weather is not good condition, just let (Pupils will go outside the classroom and observe the soil.)
the pupils stay on the lobby or classroom where they can
still see the school ground.)

C. Explore (15 minutes) (Pupils will read the essential questions)

1. Essential Question

What common characteristics of soil did you observe?

Do all soil have similar characteristics?

2. Settings of Standards
Before we proceed with our activity, what are the
standards that we should follow while having the
group activity?

3. Groupings
4. Distribution of Activity Cards
5. Performing the Activity
6. Publishing
7. Reporting

GROUP I Type Common Color Texture Water

Clay of Characteri Holding
Soil stics Capacity
Directions: Using the soil sample, identify and describe
the characteristics of the soil by completing the table
below.
Clay Particles Brown Fine Can hold
Type Common
are packedColor Textur Water
much
Type of Commo Color Texture Water
of Soil Characteri
together e Holding
water
Soil n Holding
sticstightly Capacity
Charac Capacity
teristics Loam Mixture of Black/ Fine It can
sand and Gray hold little
clay.
It contains
water
decaying
plants and
animals.

GROUP II
Loam
Directions: Using the soil sample, identify and describe
 Page 3 of 5

the characteristics of the soil by completing the table Type of Commo Color Texture Water
below. Soil n Holding
Charact Capacity
eristics
Type of Commo Color Texture Water
Sand Particles Gray Coarse Cannot hold
Soil n Holding
are loose water
Charac Capacity
coarse
teristics
and
loose

The different types of soil are clay, loam and sand.

GROUP III
Sand Clay. Particles are packed together tightly. It is sticky
Directions: Using the soil sample, identify and describe when wet and has the finest texture.
the characteristics of the soil by completing the table
below. Loam. It is a mixture of sand and clay. It contains large
amount of decaying plants and animals. It has a fine
Type of Commo Color Texture Water
texture.
Soil n Holding
Charac Capacity
teristics Sand. Particles are coarse and loose. It does not hold
water. Water can easily pass through between soil
particles.

D. Explain (15 minutes)

1. Analysis and Discussion

Based on your activity, what are the different types of

soil?

What are the characteristics of clay, loam and soil? The different types of soil are clay, loam and sand.

Clay. Particles are packed together tightly. It is sticky

when wet and has the finest texture.

Loam. It is a mixture of sand and clay. It contains large

(The teacher will write the pupils responses on the
board.)
amount of decaying plants and animals. It has a fine
texture.
Sand. Particles are coarse and loose. It does not hold
water. Water can easily pass through between soil
particles.

E. Elaborate (10 minutes)

1. Generalization
(Pupils’ answer may vary.)
What are the three types of soil and its physical
characteristics?

A=LxW
A = 10m x 12m
 Page 4 of 5

A = 120 m2

(Pupils enumerate the ways in preventing soil erosion.)

2. Application 1. Strip Cropping where groundcover plants such as
grasses are planted in strips between fields of crops.
Mr. Asidoy is planning to make a vegetable garden. He 2. Terracing. Step – like terraces are built on slopes. Thus,
is planning to plant Pechay, Carrots and Okra. If you are preventing the carrying away of soil.
to choose the best type of soil, which do you like best 3. Windbreaks. Rows of trees are planted between fields
for Mr. Asidoy’s vegetable garden? Why? which slow down the wind that causes soil erosion.

Mr. Asidoy’s vegetable garden measures 12 meters in

width and 10 meters in length. What is its area?

Due to heavy rain, soil may be washed away by water.

Soil nutrients may disappear in the topsoil. In this way,
plants may grow stunted and will not become more
productive in terms of crops and production.

Therefore, we must ways on how to prevent soil erosion. 1. sand

What are the ways in preventing soil erosion?
2. clay

(The teacher will discuss further how to get the area of 3. loam
a rectangle)
4. loam

5. clay

F. Evaluate (5 minutes)
Directions: identify the different types of soil based on
their physical characteristics. Choose your answer from
the three types of soil.

1. Water can easily pass through between soil particles.

2. It is sticky when wet and has the finest texture.

3. It contains large amount of decaying plants and

animals.

4. Contain the right mixture of sand and clay.

5. Particles are packed together tightly.

G. Extension
In your notebook, what are the layers of the soil?
 Page 5 of 5

DATE OF OBSERVATION: APRIL 20, 2022

Prepared by:
NAILAH D. INGCO
TEACHER I

Observed by:
SITTIE HANIMAH B. MAMASAO
PRINCIPAL I