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ERNAN GEL B.

GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy


G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

Power, Impact, and Implications of Media and Information

LESSON 9: Opportunities, Challenges, and Power of Media of Information

WHAT I KNOW: Pretest

1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. D
9. C
10. C

WHAT’S MORE

ACTIVITY 9.2: Fill Out the Table

Aspects Opportunities Challenges

Informational  Projects enable the joint  The joint effect of many


and simultaneous actors leads to a better
creation of content by outcome than any actor
many end-users. could achieve individually.
 Wiki-websites which  Firms must be aware that
allow users to add, collaborative projects are
remove, and change text- trending toward becoming
based content. the main source of
 Special types of websites information for many
that usually displays date- consumers.
stamped entries in  Many companies are
reverse. already using blogs to
 The social media update employees,
equivalent of personal customers, and
web pages and can come shareholders on
in a multitude of different developments they
variations, from personal consider to be important.
diaries describing the
authors life to summaries
of all relevant information
in one specific content
area.
ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

 Sharing of media content  [It is risky because]


between users. customers who turn out to
 Exist for a wide range of be dissatisfied with or
different media types disappointed by the
including text, photos, company’s offerings may
videos, and PPT decide to engage in virtual
Presentations. complaints, which results
 Applications that enable in the availability of
users to connect by potentially damaging
creating personal info information in online
profiles, inviting friends space.
and colleagues to have  From a corporate
access to those profiles, viewpoint, content
and sending e-mails and communities carry the risk
instant messages of being used as platforms
between each other. for the sharing of
 Can include any type of copyright-protected
information, including materials
photos, video, audio files,  While major content
and blogs. communities have rules in
place to ban and remove
such illegal content, it is
difficult to avoid popular
videos being uploaded only
hours after they have been
aired on television.
 On the positive side, the
high popularity of content
communities makes them
a very attractive contact
channel for many firms.
 Other firms rely on content
communities to share
recruiting videos, as well as
keynote speeches and
press announcements,
with their employees and
investors.
 High popularity, specifically
among younger Internet
users.
ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

Economic  Now, through social media  To put up a business means


marketing, business having to disburse money.
owners can connect with  Economic is an expensive
their target consumers for endeavor. Sustaining and
free through using social marketing your business is
media platforms like another.
Facebook, Twitter, etc.,  Economic is an expensive
and can significantly lower endeavor. Sustaining and
their marketing costs. marketing your business is
 The New Media also another. presence with
allows them to see what creative marketing
potential customer’s content time consuming
opinions are and network or new media to cater to
with them as well. online feedback may also
 Creates a platform for pose a challenge as they
discourse and lets the can also spread bad things
business owners respond from your product or
to customer grievances, brand.
questions, and concerns
almost instantly.
 Businesses will always be
connecting with
customers, both actual
and potential ones, and
social media enable for a
faster and more cost-
efficient mechanism.

Educational  Today, learning and  The opportunities that


education have taken a media and information
whole new meaning with brought has also opened
media and information. several challenges
 The advancement in problem with overflowing
media tools and information available for
information dissemination public use is people having
has made learning and to assess and evaluate the
education resources more usefulness and credibility of
open and freer for public the information on their
use. hands.
 Through internet, a  In rural areas, people don’t
learner may also get even have the chance to
information from a wide evaluate information
variety of sources like because they have no
ebooks, articles, videos, access to such technology
and the like. and data.
 It opened the opportunity
for various modes of
learning to exist, both
informal and non-formal
arrangements. One of the
growing trends in
ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

education is distance or

online learning where  As the world and education


students need not attend rapidly progress, people
classes physically, instead, who have been left behind
register to online courses are even stuck at a farther
or programs and attend in distance making it more
such even in the comfort difficult for them to catch
of their homes... up.

Political  Media can provide the  On the other way around,


audience with news and politics can also have an
information, which will effect on media as, at
help them develop more times, although not
informed opinions and explicitly, powerful political
choices. figures and even the
 During the election government can
period, most of what the manipulate or influence
people would know about media’s content.
political candidates and  one of the challenges of
political parties is the media as an element in
information we get from politics, the truth or
media, which often affects information the media
how they perceive a disseminates may be
certain candidate or party, manipulated by external
both positively and factors. An example of this
negatively. is what we call
 The media also acts as a propaganda, a
watchdog that monitors communication that is
the conduct and primarily used to influence
governance of elected an audience and further an
government officials. agenda; thus, information
 Through media and more may be made incomplete,
information provided to twisted, or presented
the public, a bigger selectively.
platform for political
discussions has also been
opened. This validates
that “the media assist the
working of a democratic
system through
facilitating free speech
and unrestricted public
debate.
ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

Social  Ordinary netizens have  As opposed to the


the contribution to the traditional communication
widespread news process where the message
featuring in the TV. to be sent is usually found
Advancement in in the middle, this flow
technology and the fast reveals that there
and widespread

dissemination of may be several entry points


information is what we of targeted contents, and
call citizen journalism. media audiences may start
at various points along with
 ” Citizen journalism is one the flow. This means that
of the biggest some may just be aware of
opportunities in media an issue or topic, some may
and information as it actually understand it, or
encourages ordinary some are just acquainted
citizens to take part in the with it because of
news production process. emotional connection.
 Gives the thenreceivers an  “Content can individually
opportunity to become and collectively (as part of a
news producers as well. campaign) serve to affect
 It also urges them to be an increase in audience
more wary and mindful of understanding and help
the things happening foster an emotional
around them and gives connection between the
them the confidence to audience and the issue
speak out when they see being presented.
something wrong.  The social medias can
increase the role in civil
society but most likely can
start a evolution.
 It also has the potential to
bring people apart,
attitude, and ideology-wise.
 Due to the influx of various
differing ideas, the
broadening problem of
polarization has been one
of the undeniable
challenges in media and
information.

ACTIVITY 9.2: A Look into the Past

1. The “Million People March” is all about the Priority Assistance Development Fund (PDAF) or
most widely known as “pork barrel fund”. The aim of this strong objection of many Filipinos
around the world is to stop or scrap the graft-tainted pork barrel fund by several senators
whose putting their pet development projects funds into their pockets.
ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

2. Friends, Arnold Pedrigal, Peachy Bretana, and Bernardo Bernardo, created a Facebook event
page to gather people who wanted the PDAF scrapped. They said they wanted a "massive
pocket picnic" and to bring one million people at the Luneta Park on August 26.
Astonishingly, the #MillionPeopleMarch surfaced by August 18 and immediately dominated
Twitter.

This hashtag, together with #PDAFKalampag and #ScrapPork, flooded Twitter and FB feeds
with over 140,000 social media mentions as of 8PM of August 26. Many Filipinos expressed
their anger through creating blogs, pages, advertisements and even memes to show that
they agree to the idea of stopping the Pork Barrel Fund.

3. The role of media played in the conception and actualization of the Million People March
was the instant fast spreading of the entire information to the citizen of the Philippines
online. Using different social media platforms like Twitter and FB, the hashtags, together
with #PDAFKalampag and #ScrapPork, flooded Twitter and FB feeds with over 140,000 social
media mentions as of 8PM of August 26. Many Filipinos expressed their anger through
creating blogs, pages, advertisements and even memes to show that they agree to the idea
of stopping the Pork Barrel Fund.

4. Although the movement originally called to bring in a million people to march against the
graft-tainted pork barrel fund, YES, it has still been deemed a success as the online campaign
was actualized with 80,000-100,000 people at Luneta according to the police. This number
included professionals, students, workers, priests, nuns and even civic and showbiz
personalities. The movement was even emulated on a smaller-scale in other cities across the
country and in various cities around the world where there are concentrations of Filipinos.

5. All I can recommend to the mass media-assisted campaigns such as the Million People
March when it comes to its making for much betterment is that, make it more solid and has
impact to the users (people) in delivering information so as to give an informative and
awareness to the people around the world using different social media platforms.

ACTIVITY 9.4: Cartoon Analysis

1. Based on my thorough analysis about the cartoon, it implies to us how powerful politics can
influence the media. The worst thing and the hurtful truth is that, political pressure on
media neglect the ultimate TRUTH about a certain thing or issue which will eventually mask
the naked eye of citizens to the reality happening in our country.

2. Possibly yes. As we can observed in our country’s situations and issues nowadays, we can
really say that what was the cartoon depicting really happens in our political system with
respect to the media.

3. I must say that it is a challenge. Since the depicted cartoon tend to mask the truth, people
who uses media as their medium of information should really scrutinize whether the news is
true or not.
ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

WHAT I CAN DO: Application

Media and Information

Opportunities Challenges
 Media helped me to boost my self-  The biggest challenge media can give
confidence especially that I am a little to user especially to me, is the
bit well-known in TikTok. I was and I am legitimacy of any information posted
able to share good vibes and in different platforms. By using the
entertained my followers with my information from unknown sources
different content. and/or not copyrighted information
 Media taught me to be lowkey in any may lead to huge mistakes and errors
situation which allowed me to inspire a student or a person may do.
numerous of my followers and to the  Media to me is toxic sometimes. Every
new followers in my account. time I open my social media accounts,
 Media helped me with my little financial some fresh starter displayed in my
problems. When it comes to timeline somewhat gives me stress.
sponsorships. Numerous of kind- One best citation I could give was the
hearted people ought to give first outbreak of corona virus flashed
merchandises and even small money as on TV screen and on social media
they (my followers on TikTok) whole- platforms. It really gave me the total
heartedly offered it without any stress because of the panic triggered
hesitations. inside me.
 Through media, people who like to  Media gives me a mask figuratively
make me as their guest singer in an whenever I saw information on
event always contacting me on my other different platforms. As human as we
social media account. My Facebook are, we tend to get puzzled as to how
account. many percent is the accuracy of the
 Media gave an opportunity to me when issue or information flashed on our
it comes to my studies. Some of the screen.
essential learnings and tutorial can be  The worst media can offer, not only to
seen through videos and in written me but also to the others is the giving
forms posted in social media platforms. of false information with respect to
This information greatly helped me to what was the reality.
overcome the hardships I encountered
whenever I answer my modules.
Somewhat, social media platforms gave
me hint as to how it will do, that way,
and like that, so on and so forth.
Assessment

Post-Test

1. B
ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

2. D
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. C

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY: Research Work

How social media changed the world


By: Jeff Castillo - @inquirerdotnet Philippine Daily Inquirer /
12:06 AM March 27, 2017

When Mark Zuckerberg set about developing the first Facebook prototype, he intended it initially to
connect only a couple of students on his campus.

A little over a decade later, this social media app has reached and connected more than 1.8 billion
monthly users all over the world, transcending geographical, social, cultural, and religious barriers.

Today, Facebook has emerged as a tool that has brought a total difference to how people
communicate, share thoughts, promote their views and opinions, and even influence their
respective communities.

These last few years, however, people have also seen how Facebook and other social media
platforms propagate troubling issues, which pose threats to the security of the users, especially
when interactions become less personal as these platforms evolve.

People who are socially awkward or shy suddenly feel empowered. It is also becoming more
apparent that social skills have changed. People have become less able to cope with interpersonal
interactions because they can conveniently hide behind their profiles.

There is also the problem of “oversharing.”

Many Facebook users tend to share too much information about themselves, their families, their
habits, and their lives without realizing that they are exposing themselves to potential cybercrimes.

For instance, Facebook users who overshare are at risk of identity theft.

According to the latest report of the Philippine National Police- AntiCybercrime Group (PNP-ACG),
this is the third in the top cybercrime cases filed with them last year with 288 cases as compared to
101 cases in 2015 and only 61 in 2014.

Cyber criminals may steal users’ information through social engineering. They create fake accounts
and establish trust with their possible victims over time. Once it is built, they will ask them to divulge
information like banking details and passwords, and commit crimes against them.

Cyber criminals may also ask Facebook users to click on links that might infect their computers with
malware. URLs can be manipulated to make it hard to identify whether it links to a legitimate or
malicious site.
ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

The principle social media users should bear in mind is that any information they post online should
no longer be considered private. They need to be mindful about their status updates, and avoid
revealing their whereabouts.

For instance, potential burglars may break into their homes if they know they are away in Europe for
an extended holiday. Making public their daily routines, and revealing their children’s names,
schools and birth dates may also put their family in harm’s way.

While Facebook and other social media applications continue to strengthen their measures to
ensure cyber security, users must always remember that they are in the driver’s seat; they are in
control. As we become more and more connected, the opportunity for people to make nefarious
moves against us also increases. It is always wise to exercise caution where Facebook and social
media is concerned. Users must exercise restraint and common sense.

Like other tools that have emerged before it, Facebook has changed the world for the better by
connecting people and effecting social changes, but it can also be used against the very people it is
supposed to serve. –CONTRIBUTED

Source: Jeff Castillo (2017, March 27). Technology. Inquirer.net. Retrieved from
https://business.inquirer.net/

SUMMARY OF NEWS ARTICLE

The news article talks about the starting point of the well-known social app everyone used
every day, the Facebook. It started as a prototype app intended initially to connect only a couple of
students on the campus. When Mark Zuckerberg set about developing the first Facebook prototype,
he did not expect it to be like this as of today.

A little over a decade later, this social media app has reached and connected more than 1.8
billion monthly users all over the world. As the app became popular, it outdistances the
geographical, social, cultural, and religious barriers.

Today, as different social platforms become very popular all over the world, the negative
effects social media apps brought to humankind are dreadful. First is, people seen Facebook and
other social media platforms as a tool to propagate troubling issues, which pose threats to the
security of other users, especially when interactions become less personal as these platforms
evolved. Second, the oversharing of information in social media platforms are undeniable fact that
everyone usually do. In this manner, cybercrimes became unbounded. Another one is the so-called
“identity thief’ type of cybercrime which many Facebook users tend to share too much information
about themselves, their families, their habits, and their lives without realizing that they are exposing
themselves to potential cybercrimes.

GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. What media is important or instrumental in the course of event?


 The most important media that we can use in the course of any event is our social
media accounts. By this, we tend to communicate far away from any person we
wanted to talk with.

2. Why do you think the identified media was instrumental or very important in this event?
ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

 These are very important because nowadays, calls and text is no longer needed.
Most likely, people are influenced by media. They’re already using Facebook or
messenger as means of communication in any situation.

3. Was the outcome a positive or a negative change? Explain your answer.


 I can say that it both gives a positive and negative outcome. Positive, in the sense of
it gives us the hassle-free communication to someone whose far from us. Also, social
media gives us an update to every issue happening in our country regardless of our
presence within the location where news happened. On the other hand, it gives
negative outcome to every user because of the online attackers that might steal
someone’s identity and use it for crimes online. Also, the spirit of closeness from
one another, especially with your family and friends becomes less.

LESSON 10: Current and Future Trends of Media and Information

What I Know

1. B
2. D
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. A

What’s New

Activity 10.1: Identify Technology

1. SMARTGLASSES/GOOGLE GLASS
 Help you see things more clearly.
 Smart glasses can link up with your phone, control the volume of your music, and
even take photographs.
 Google Glass brings wireless connectivity and imaging into the frames and lenses of
our eyewear, controls that we can only usually do on our smartphones and
computers. So instead of a keyboard or mouse, you can control smart glasses by
tapping or swiping control built into the frame or even verbalizing your commands
as you do with Alexa and Siri.

2. SMARTWATCH/FITNESS TRACKERS AND SPORT WATCHES


ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

 Smartwatches are wrist-worn devices that connect to your mobile phone. As they
are synced to your smartphone, it allows you to see notifications on your wrist at a
glance.
 Eases the burden of having to constantly open and check your smartphone text
messages, e-mails, or other notifications.
 It can even track your physical activity. Whether for formal training or just trying to
be active and fit, fitness trackers and sports watch help you get a better
understanding of your fitness activities.

3. VR HEADSET
 VR or Virtual Reality headsets are devices connected to a PC/games console and
show you a computer-generated virtual reality that fools you sight and your brain
into thinking you are in a different scenario.
 Today, many industries and fields are using and developing more innovations of
these wearable techs, especially in the health care industry, where they’re looking
into devices that could be used to monitor things like blood pressure, vital signs, or
blood sugar levels for diabetics.

4. HEARABLE
 Hearables work just like the traditional earphones and headphones but are already
wireless and are worn in the ear.
 The most popular example is Apple’s Air Pods, those true wireless earphones that
offer quick access to the Siri voice assistant. However, these hearables aren’t only
for music or entertainment, but some are actually used as smart hearing aids.

ACTIVITY 10.2: Question and Answer

1. What is the impact of MOOC in information access?


 MOOC represents an open-access, asynchronous, Web-based courses geared
toward enrolling hundreds or thousands of students at a time. MOOCs can deliver
content via recorded video lectures, online readings, and online assessments, as well
as various degrees of student-student and student-instructor interaction.

2. Can MOOCs replace the traditional mode of information and knowledge delivery? Expound
your answer.
 I personally believe that MOOCs cannot replace traditional mode of information and
knowledge delivery. However, MOOCs can offer supporting content that will
definitely enhance and strengthen the education experience in traditional mode of
information and knowledge delivery.

3. Are MOOCs potentially harmful to copyright? Why or why not?


ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

 In my opinion, MOOCs are not harmful to copyright. MOOCs are not mutually
exclusive ideas and MOOCs still remains as an experiment.

Activity 10.3: Question and Answer

1. How has wearable technology revolutionized the way people access information?
 Wearable technology benefits people on accessing information through media in a
much faster and convenient manner.

2. How does a 3D environment affect the audience’s media experience?


 3D environment gives the audience or the users a more engaging and enjoyable
media experience because the images and videos are in three-dimensional
rendering – meaning as if it is we are looking at something real.

3. How does ubiquitous learning (u-learning) impact the traditional mode of learning?
 Through U-learning, learning takes place at anytime, anywhere, and with anyone. It
benefits from technologies that incorporate learning materials such as videos,
audios, PowerPoint presentations, or notes with embedded source data in them. U-
learning maximizes the use of any form of media like mobile phones and computers
for efficient use.

What's More

Activity 10.4: Examining a MOOC

Component Answer
1. Course title Journalism Skills for Engaged Citizens
2. Course brief description This is a course in basic journalism skills,
designed for the many people who are now
taking advantage of new media to publish new,
views, and information.
3. Course provider Coursera
4. Host Institution The University of Melbourne
5. Course Instructor/s Dr. Dennis Muller and Dr. Margaret Simons
6. Course Duration 22 hours
7. Cost of Enrollment Free

Activity 10.5: Weighing Pros and Cons

Trend Pros Cons


ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

MOOCs  Courses are offered for  Cannot provide for


free. personalized courseware
 Access to courses offered and attention from a tutor.
by professors at the top  It is difficult to keep track
schools. of students’ assignments
 Courses are available to a and involvement.
vast and diverse audience  Learners with disabilities
across the globe. and a poor Internet
 Learners’ performance can connection can’t use
be monitored easily using MOOCs.
the data captured during
the start of courses.

 Both professors and  Language can be a barrier


learners get world-wide while offering MOOCs.
exposure, thus improving  MOOCs can’t be used as a
pedagogical techniques credit-earning course at
and knowledge sharing. universities.
 Can be used as a tool in a
blended learning program,
where students can access
more information than
what is provided in the
class.
Wearable  Benefits people on  Very expensive.
Technologies accessing information  Limited as most wearable
through media in a much technologies have a very
faster manner. specific purpose only.
 Increases productivity.
 Increases convenience.
 Portable.

3D Environment  Flexible design.  Limited materials.


 Offers the audience or the  Copyright issues.
users a more engaging and  Restricted Build Size.
enjoyable media  Post processing.
experience.
 Environmentally friendly.
 Rapid prototyping.

U-Learning  Learning takes place at  Digital divide.


anytime, anywhere, and  Learning experience is
with anyone. lacking due to lack of
 It is a very personalized and teacher-students
dynamic mechanism that interaction.
uses devices integrated  Can cause poor eyesight.
into the students’
environment.
 Maximizes the use of any
ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

form of media like mobile


phones and computers for
efficient use.
Paperless  Acquires savings on costs  Security Risks and Viruses.
Society on materials, printing,  Software maintenance.
labor, and storage.  Human inaccuracy.
 Minimize the risk of losing  Difficulties in digitalizing
or misplacing a digital existing documents.
document and allow  Initial Cost.
employees to access and  Legal and compliance
edit a digital document, issues.
whether remotely or in the
office, then electronically
manage or send it.

 Documents can also be


accessed simultaneously,
eliminating the need for
multiple copies and thus
saving time and adding to
work efficiency.
 Environmentally friendly.
 Much less clutter.

What I Can Do

Essay: Tech Then and Now

Chosen current media and information technology: Mobile phones

According to my mom and dad, mobile phones on their days were just considered as basic
devices. The mobile phones' memory in the early days of my mom and dad were limited to just
storing numbers and messages. The physical look of the mobile phones back then was quite thick
and they were in keypad format. Apps were also limited on the mobile phones in my mom and dad's
generation. My mom and dad said that they were addicted on the snake mobile game in their
mobile phones in their early days. They also said that Nokia was the very famous brand of mobile
phone back in their days.

In this generation which is my generation, I can say that mobile phone truly upgraded
massively. It is very far from the mobile phone dating back on my mom and dad's days. It is now
considered as smartphones due to the many options and function it can carry out. Instead of having
a keypad look, smartphones are innovated into a touch screen function. Smartphones has converged
camera, flashlight, calendar, television, music player, and more into a single device. It contains a lot
of apps that offers connection to the whole world, essential information, and entertainment that is
very essential to many people. It has been a device that many people cannot live without now.

Assessment
ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

I. Multiple Choice
1. B. Massive
2. A. Analytics
3. C. Paperless Society
4. C. Smartphones
5. A. Ubiquitous Learning
I. Identification
1. Massive Open Online Courses
2. 3D Glasses
3. Paperless
4. 3D Printing
5. Paperless Society
6. Concrete
7. Wearable Technology
8. Fitness Tracker
9. Sense of Sight
10. VR Headsets

Additional Activity

Exploring More Online Courses

First MOOC Choice:

Component Answer

1. Course Title Introduction to Data Analytics for Managers

2. Course Brief Description Through a combination of lectures, business


case studies, and hands-on learning this course
provides an introduction to data analytics
techniques and their application in business.

3. Course Provider edX


4. Host Institution The University of Michigan
5. Corse Instructor/s Amitabh Sinha and Sanjeev Kumar

6. Course Duration 2-4 hours per week

7. Cost of Enrollment Free

Second MOOC Choice:

Component Answer

1. Course Title Positive Psychiatry and Mental Health


ERNAN GEL B. GUEVARRA Media and Information Literacy
G11 – MOLAVE Q4 Module 4

2. Course Brief Description In this course, we will explore different aspects


of good mental health as well as provide an
overview of the major kinds of mental
disorders, their causes, treatments and how to
seek help and support.
3. Course Provider Coursera

4. Host Institution The University of Sydney

5. Corse Instructor/s Sonia Kumar

6. Course Duration 20 hours (approximately)


7. Cost of Enrollment Free

a. Would you be willing to enroll yourself for a MOOC?


 Yes. I personally believe that it will be a wonderful experience to enroll myself for a
MOOC.

b. How effective do you think are MOOCs in providing training and education?
 MOOCs have a lot of reading material, lectures, and videos so we learners can refer
to all of them to enhance their learning. MOOCs are effective in the sense that it
helps us learners to understand a certain topic and apply it in real life.

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