University Of Gharian

Faculty of Engineering / Electrical and Electronic

Engineering

Electrical and Electronic Measurements

HOME WORK 2

Name : Moad Yaseen Alhabshi

ID : 161716119

Under the supervision of : Eng / Asma AbdAlrahman

SPRING-2021
Question 1:

1. A meter reads 127.50V and the true value of voltage is 127.43. What is static error
A. 0.07V
𝛿𝐴 = 𝐴𝑚 − 𝐴𝑡
B. 0.7V
C. 0.7V 𝛿𝐴 = 127.50 − 127.43 = 0.07 𝑉
D. 0.07
2. Moving iron instrument can be used for ac only.
A. True
B. False
3. An ammeter has a resistance of 50 ohms and a shunt of 0.01 Ω. The deflection is
θ. If the shunt resistance is increased to 0.02 Ω, the deflection will be.
A. θ
0.01 → 𝜃
B. 2θ 0.02 →?
C. 0.5θ 0.02 × 𝜃
= 2𝜃
D. 0.25θ 0.01

4. The most commonly used moving iron instruments are

A. repulsion type
B. attraction type
C. a combination of attraction and repulsion type
D. none of the above

5. Explain the terms accuracy, sensitivity and resolution?

Accuracy :
It is a closeness with which an instrument reading approaches the true value of the
quantity being measure.
Sensitivity :
The static sensitivity of an instrument is the ratio of magnitude of the output signal to
the magnitude of the input signal or the quantity to be measure.
Resolution :
It's the smallest increment in input (quantity being measure) which can be detected
with certainty by an instrument.

6. What are the different types of errors in measuring instrument?

1.True value .
2.Static(or Absolute ) Error (δA).
3.Static correction.
4.Relative static error.
5.Limiting error.
7. What are the differences between absolute and secondary instruments?

Absolute instruments :
These instrument give the magnitude of the quantity to be measured in terms
of physical constants of the instruments .
For example Tangent galvanometer . It's used only in standard institutions
for calibration.
Secondary instruments :
In these instrument the magnitude of the quantity to be measured is indicated
on graded scale (e.g analog instrument )or displayed numerically on screen
(e.g digital instrument )

8. Derive the torque equation of an EMMC instrument?

 ‫‪Question 2:‬‬

‫?‪A. Sketch and explain the working peincible of PMMC instrument‬‬

‫عند تسليط مصدر (‪ )DC‬على الملف المتحرك ( ‪ )moving coil‬فان التيار يمر خالله‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫عند بقاء الملف الحامل للتيار في المجال المغناطيسي فانه يتعرض لقوة ‪. force‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫هذه القوه تنتج عزم دوران (‪ )Torque‬بالتالي يبدأ ال ‪ former‬بالدوران‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫المؤشر متصل بالذراع (‪ )spindle‬عند دوران ال ‪ former‬فان المؤشر يتحرك خالل‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫نظام معاير(‪.) Calibrated scale‬‬
‫عندما تعكس القطبية فان العزم ينتج في االتجاه المعاكس ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫السدادة الميكانيكية (‪ )Mechanical stopper‬يمنع االنحراف في االتجاه المعاكس‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫بالتالي فان القطبية يجب المحافظة عليها في اجهزة (‪.)PMMC‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫اذا تم تسليط ‪ AC‬فان عزم دوران معاكس ينتج وهذا سيحدث عنه انحراف مستمر بالتالي هذا النوع من االجهزة ال‬
‫يمكن استخدامها مع ال‪.AC‬‬
B. A moving-coil voltmeter has a resistance of 20 ohm and the full scale deflection
is reached when a potential difference of 100 mV is applied across the terminals.
The moving coil has effective dimentions of 30 mm x 25 mm and is wound with
100 turns. The flux density in the gap is 0.2 Wb/m2. Determine the control
constant of the spring if the final deflection is 100° and suitable diameter of
copper wire for the coil winding if 20% of the total instrument resistance is due to
the coil winding. Resistivity of copper is 1.7 x 10-8 ohm.m
Question 3:

A moving coil ammmeter has a fixed shunt of 0.02 Ω with a coil resistance of R =
1000 Ω and a potential difference of 500 mV across it. Full scale defliction is
obtained.
a. To what shunted current it corresponds?
b. Calculate the value of R to give full scale deflection when shunted current
I is

 20 amp
 0 amp
c. with what value of R is 45% deflection obtained with I = 100 A?
Question 4:

I. Design an Aryton shunt to provide an ammeter with current ranges of 1A, 5A, 10A
and 20A. A basic meter with an internal resistance of 50 Ω and a full scale deflection
current of 1mA is to be used.
II. The law of deflection of a moving-iron ammeter is given by I = 4θn ampere, where
θ is the deflection in radian and n is a constant. The self-inductance when the meter
current is zero is 10 mH. The spring constant is 0.16 N-m/rad.
(a) Determine an expression for self-inductance of the meter as a function of θ and n.
(b) With n = 0.75, calculate the meter current and the deflection that corresponds to
a self-inductance of 60 mH.