MATHS - 8. Quadrilaterals

CBSE : Class - IX MATHEMATICS
8 Quadrilaterals

Chapter Outline

 Terms related to quadrilateral
 Angle sum property of quadrilateral
 Special types of quadrilateral
 Mid point theorem
 Converse of mid point theorem
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MIND MAP
QUADRILATERALS
Convex Concave
Quadrilateral Quadrilateral
Types of Convex Properties of Mid Point

Quadrilateral Quadrilateral Theorem
Trapezium
Parallelogram
and Isosceles
is a
Trapezium Converse of
Quadrilateral
mid point
Theorem
Parallelogram
Square is a
Rectangle parallelogram
Square
Rectangle is a
parallelogram
Rhombus
Rhombus is a
Kite
parallelogram
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Definition : The word ‘quad’ means four and the word ‘Iateral’ means sides i.e. A quadrilateral is a
figure bounded by four line segments such that no three of them are parallel.
D
A B
TERMS RELATED TO QUADRILATERALS

Consecutive or adjacent sides :
Two sides of quadrilateral are called consecutive or adjacent sides, if they have a common vertex.
 Opposite Side :
Two sides of a quadrilateral are called opposite sides, if they have no common vertex.
Adjacent Angles :
Two angles of a quadrilateral are called adjacent angles, if they have a common side as an arm.
Opposite Angles :
Two angles of a quadrilateral are called opposite angles, if they do not have a common side as an arm.
ANGLES SUM PROPERTY OF A QUADRILATERAL

Theorem : 1 The sum of the four angles of a quadrilateral is 360º
i.e. CD = 360º
Ex.1 In a quadrilateral ABCD, the angles A, B, C and D are in the ratio 2 : 4 : 5 : 7. Find the measure
of each angle of the quadrilateral.
Sol. We have A : B : C : D = 2 : 4 : 5 : 7. So, let A = 2xº, B = 4xº, C = 5xº,
D = 7xº.
 + B + C + D = 360º
 x + 4x + 5x + 7x = 360º
 18x = 360º
  x = 20º
Thus, the angles are : A = 2 × 20º, B = 4 × 20º = 80º, C = 5 × 20º = 100º
and D = 7xº = 7 × 20º = 140º
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Ex.2 In figure bisectors of B and D of quadrilateral ABCD meet CD and AB produced at P and Q
1
respectively. Prove that P + Q = (ABC + ADC)
2
A B Q
3
4
1
2
P D C
Sol. In PBC, we have

 P + 4 + C = 180º
1
 P + B + C = 180º ...(i)
2
In QAD, we have Q + A + 1 = 180º

1
 Q + A + D = 180º ...(ii)
2
Adding (i) and (ii), we get

1 1
P + Q + A + C + + D = 180º + 180º
2 2
1 1
P + Q + A + C + + D = 360º
2 2
1
 P + Q + A + C + (B + D) = A + B + C + D
2
[In a quadrilateral ABCD A + B + C + D = 360º]

1
P + Q = (B + D)
2
1
P + Q = (ABC + ADC) Hence proved.
2
  Convex quadrilateral : The quadrilateral in which all interior angles are less than 180º is known
as convex quadrilateral. Both diagonals completely contained within the figure.
  Concave quadrilateral : The quadrilateral in which one angle exceeds 180º is known as concave
quadrilateral. At least one of the two diagonal lies partly or entirely outside the figure
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SPECIAL TYPES OF QUADRILATERAL
Parallelogram : A quadrilateral is a Parallelogram if its both pair of opposite side are parallel.
A B
D C
Properties of parallelogram :
(i) Diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two congruent triangles.
(ii) Opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal.
(iii)Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
(iv) The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
(v) Sum of adjacent angles is 180o.
Rhombus :
It is a parallelogram in which all sides are equal.
Properties of Rhombus :
(i) Diagonals of rhombus bisect each other at right angle.
(ii) Diagonals of a rhombus are its internal angle bisectors.
Rectangle :
 It is a parallelogram in which all angles are equal or each angle is right angle.
Properties of Rectangle :
Diagonals of a rectangle are equal.
Square :
It is a parallelogram in which all sides and all angles are equal.
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Properties of Square:
(i) Diagonals are equal.
(ii) Diagonals bisects each other at right angle.
Trapezium :
A quadrilateral in which one pair of opposite sides are parallel is called trapezum.
D C
A B
Isosceles Trapezium :
A trapezium in which non parallel sides are equal.
A B
D C
Properties of Isosceles Trapezium
(i) Diagonals are equal.
(ii) Its upper and lower base angle are congruent i.e.A = B and C = D.
Kite :
 A quadrilateral is a kite if it has two pairs of equal adjacent sides and unequal opposite sides.
A
B C
O
D
Properties of Kite :
Diagonals intersect at right angle.
SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR A QUADRILATERAL TO BE A

PARALLELOGRAM
Theorem 6 : A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of opposite sides are equal.
Theorem 7 : A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if both pairs of opposite angles are equal.
Theorem 8 : A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if its diagonals bisect each other.
Theorem 9 : A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if its one pair of opposite sides are equal and parallel.
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Ex.3 In figure AN and CP are perpendiculars to the diagonal BD of a parallelogram ABCD. Prove
that :
(i) ADN CBP (ii) AN = CP
A D
1
P
N
2
B C
Sol. Since ABCD is a parallelogram.
 AD || BC
Now, AD || BC and transversal BD intersects them at D and B.
 1 = 2 [Alternate interior angles are equal]
Now, in ADN and CBP, we have

1 = 2
AND = CPD (right angle)
AD = BC [ Opposite sides of a ||gm are equal]
So, by AAS criterion of congruence

ADN CBP
AN = CP [Corresponding parts of congruent triangles are equal]
Hence proved.
Ex.4 In figure, ABCD is a trapezium such that AB || CD and AD = BC. BE || AD and BE meets DC at
E. Show that (i) ABED is a parallelogram (ii) A + C = B + D = 180º
D E C
A B
Sol. Here, AB || CD (Given)
 AB || DE ….(1)
  Also, BE || AD (Given) ….(2)
From (1) and (2),
ABED is a parallelogram
 AD = BE ….(3)
  Also, AD = BC (Given) ….(4)
From (3) and (4),
BE = BC ( sides opposite to equal angles in a triangle are equal)
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 BEC = BCE ….(5)
Also, BAD = BED …(6) (opposite angles of parallelogram ABED)
Now, BED + BEC = 180º …(7) (Linear pair of angles)
By equation (5), (6) and (7)
 BAD + BCE = 180º
 A + C = 180º
Similarly, B + D = 180º
Therefore A + C = B + D = 180º Hence prove.
Ex.5 In fig. ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC. CP || AB and AP is the bisector of exterior
CAD of ABC. Prove that PAC = BCA and ABCP is a parallelogram.
D
A P
3
1 2
B C
Sol. Given : An isosceles ABC having AB = AC.AP is the bisector of ext CAD and CP || AB.
To Prove : PAC = BCA and ABCP is a parallelogram
Proof : In ABC, we have
AB = AC [Given]
 1 = 2 .... (i)  Angles opposite to equal 

 sides in a  are equal
Now, in  ABC, we have

  Exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the 
ext CAD = 1 + 2  sum of two opposite int erior opposite angles 
 
ext CAD = 22 [1 = 2 (from (i))]
 23 = 22 [AP is the bisector of ext. CAD CAD = 23]
  3 = 2
Thus, AC intersects lines AP and BC at A and C respectively such that 3 = 2 i.e., alternate
interior angles are equal. Therefore,
AP || BC.
Also, CP || AB [Given]
Thus, ABCP is a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are equal. Hence, ABCP is a parallelogram.
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MID POINT THEOREM
The line segment joining the mid-points of any two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third side and
equal to half of it.
Given : A triangle ABC in which P is the mid-point of side AB and Q is the mid-point of side AC.
1
To Prove : PQ is parallel to BC and is half of it i.e., PQ || BC and PQ = BC.
2
Construction : Produce PQ upto point R such that PQ = QR. Join R and C.
Proof : In APQ and CRQ
PQ = QR [By construction]
AQ = QC [Given]
And, AQP = CQR [Vertically opposite angles]
So, APQ CRQ [By SAS]
AP = CR and APQ = CRQ [By cpct]
But, APQ and CRQ are alternate angles and whenever the alternate angles are equal, the lines are
parallel.
AP || CR
AB || CR
BP || CR
AP = BP [Given, P is mid-point of AB]
CR = BP [As, AP = CR]
Now, BP = CR and BP || CR
BCRP is a parallelogram.
[If one pair of opposite sides of a quadrilateral are parallel and equal then it is a parallelogram.]
BCRP is a parallelogram and opposite sides of a parallelogram are equal and parallel.
PR = BC and PR || BC
Since, PQ = QR
1 1
PQ = PR = BC [As, PR = BC]
2 2
Also, PQ || BC [As, PR || BC]
1
PQ || BC and PQ = BC Hence proved.
2
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Ex.6 Prove that the line segments joining the mid-points of the sides of a quadrilateral form a
parallelogram.
Sol. Points E, F, G and H are the mid-points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA respectively, of the
quadrilateral ABCD. We have to prove that EFGH is a parallelogram.
C
G
F
D
B
A E
Join the diagonal AC of the quadrilateral ABCD.
Now, in ABC, we have E and F mid-points of the sides BA and BC.
 EF || AC
1
and EF = AC .... (1)
2
Similarly, in ADC, we have
GH || AC
1
and GH = AC ….(2)
2
Then from (1) and (2), we have
EF || GH
and EF = GH
So EFGH is a quadrilateral in which one pair of opposite sides are parallel and equal therefore
EFGH is a parallelogram. Hence prove.
CONVERSE OF MIDPOINT THEOREM

The line drawn through the mid-point of one side of a triangle, parallel to another side, intersects the
third side at its mid-point.
Given : In ABC, D is the mid-point of side AB and DE is parallel to BC.
A
E
D F
B C
To proof : E is mid-point of AC.
Proof : Since, DE || BC i.e., DF || BC [Given]
and CF || BA i.e., CF || BD. [By construction]
Opposite sides of quadrilateral BCFD are parallel.
BCFD is a parallelogram
BD = CF
Also, BD = AD [As, D is mid-point of AB]
CF = AD
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AB || CF and AC is transversal, DAE = FCE [Alternate angles]
AB || CF and DF is transversal, ADE = CFE [Alternate angles]
In ADE and CFE
AD = CF
DAE = FCE
ADE = CFE
ADE  CFE [By AAS]
AE = EC Hence Proved.
Ex.7 ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC, BD is a diagonal and E is the mid-point of AD. A line is
drawn through E parallel to AB intersecting BC at F (Figure). Prove that F is the mid-point of BC.
Sol. Given line EF is parallel to AB and AB || DC.

EF || AB || DC.
According to the converse of the mid-point theorem, in ABD, E is the mid-point of AD and EP
is parallel to AB.
[As EF || AB]
By converse of mid-point theorem.
P is the mid-point of side BD.
Now, in BCD, P is mid-point of BD and, PF is parallel to DC.
[As EF || DC]
By converse of mid-point theorem.
F is the mid-point of BC Hence Proved.
INTERCEPT THEOREM
If there are three or more parallel lines and the intercepts made by them on a transversal are equal,
then the corresponding intercept on any other transversal are also equal.
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Given : l, m and n are three parallel lines intersected by transversals p and q such that l, m and n cut
off equal intercepts AB and BC on p.
To Prove : DE = EF.
Construction : Let us join A to F intersecting m at G. The trapezium ACFD is divided into two
triangles.
Proof:
In  ACF, it is given that B is the mid-point of AC (AB = BC) and BG || CF (since m || n).
So, G is the mid-point of AF (by using converse of Mid Point Theorem )
Now, in  AFD, we can apply the same argument as G is the mid-point of AF, GE || AD and so by
converse of mid-point theorem.
E is the mid-point of DF, i.e., DE = EF. Hence prove.
Ex.8 Prove that the four triangles formed by joining in pairs, the mid-points of three sides of a triangle,
are congruent to each other.
Sol. Given : A triangle ABC and D,E,F are the mid-points of sides BC, CA and AB respectively.
To Prove :  AFE FBD EDC DEF.
A
F E
B D C
Proof : Since the segment joining the mid-points of the sides of a triangle is half of the third side.
Therefore by mid-point theorem.
1
DE = AB  DE = AF = BF .... (i)
2
1
EF = BC  EF = BD = CD .... (ii)
2
1
DF = AC  DF = AE = EC ....(iii)
2
Now, in DEF and AFE, we have
DE = AF [From (i)]
DF = AE [From (ii)]
and, EF = FE [Common]
So, by SSS criterion of congruence,
 DEF AFE
Similarly, DEF FBD and DEF EDC
Hence, AFE FBD EDC DEF
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Ex.9 In fig, AD is the median and DE || AB. Prove that BE is a median of ABC.
Sol. In order to prove that BE is the median, it is sufficient to show that E is the mid-point of AC.
Now, AD is the median in ABC
 D is the mid-point of BC.
A
B D C
Since DE is a line drawn through the mid-point of side BC of ABC and is parallel to AB (given).
Therefore, E is the mid-point of AC (by converse of M.P.T.) Hence, BE is the median of ABC.
Ex.10 Let ABC be an isosceles triangle with AB = AC and let D,E,F be the mid-points of BC, CA and
AB respectively. Show that AD FE and AD is bisected by FE.
Sol. Given : An isosceles triangle ABC with D, E and F as the mid-points of sides BC, CA and AB
respectively such that AB = AC. AD intersects FE at O.
To Prove : AD  FE and AD is bisected by FE.
Construction : Join DE and DF.
Proof : Since the segment joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to third side
and is half of it. Therefore,
1
DE || AB and DE = AB
2
1
Also, DF || AC and DF = AC
2
A
F E
O
B D C
But, AB = AC [Given]
1 1
 AB = AC
2 2
 DE = DF .... (i)
1
Now, DE = AB  DE = AF .... (ii)
2
1
and, DF = AC DF = AE ....(iii)
2
From (i), (ii) and (iii) we have
DE = AE = AF = DF
 DEAF is a rhombus.
  Diagonals AD and FE bisect each other at right angle.
AD FE and AD is bisected by FE. Hence prove.
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1
Ex.11 ABC is a triangle right angled at B and P is the mid-point of AC. Prove that PB = PA = AC.
2
Sol. Given : ABC right angled at B, P is the mid-point of AC.
1
To Prove : PB = PA = AC.
2
Construction : Through P draw PQ || BC meeting AB at Q.
A
P Q
C B
Proof : Since PQ || BC. Therefore,
AQP = ABC [Corresponding angles]
  AQP = 90° [ABC = 90°]
But, AQP + BQP = 180° [ AQP & BQP are angles of a linear pair]
 90° + BQP = 180°
  BQP = 90°
Thus, AQP = BQP = 90° …(i)
Now, in ABC, P is the mid-point of AC and PQ || BC. Therefore, Q is the mid-point of AB i.e,
AQ = BQ.
Consider now APQ and BPQ.
we have, AQ = BQ [Proved above]
AQP = BQP [From (i)]
and, PQ = PQ
So, by SAS criterion of congruence
APQ BPQ
 PA = PB
1
Also, PA = AC, since P is the mid-point of AC
2
1
Hence, PA = PB = AC. Hence prove.
2
Ex.12 Prove that the line segments joining the mid-points of the adjacent sides of a rectangle forms a
rhombus.
Sol. P, Q, R and S are the mid-points of the sides AB, BC, CD and DA of the rectangle ABCD.
R
D C
S Q
A B
P
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Here, AC = BD
(Diagonals of rectangle are equal)
1
Now, SR || AC and SR = AC
2
1
and PQ || AC and PQ = AC
2
1
 SR || PQ and SR = PQ = AC
2
1
Similarly, PS || QR and PS = QR = BD
2
and SR = PQ = PS = QR (AC = BD)
PQRS is a rhombus. Hence prove.
1
Ex.13 In Fig. AD and BE are medians of ABC and BE || DF. Prove that CF = AC
4
A
D C
B
Sol. In BEC, DF is a line through the mid-point D of BC and parallel to BE intersecting CE at F.

Therefore, by converse of mid-point theorem F is the mid-point of CE.
Now, F is the mid-point of CE
1
 CF = CE
2
1 1   E is the mid  po int 
 CF =  AC   1 
2 2   of AC  EC  AC 
 2 
1
 CF = AC Hence prove.
4
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QUADRILATERALS : WORKSHEET-1
Single Correct Type Questions
Types of Quadrilateral
1. A quadrilateral having only one pair of opposite sides parallel is called a :
(1) square (2) rhombus (3) trapezium (4) parallelogram
2. Which of the following statement is true ?
(1) In a parallelogram, the diagonals are equal.
(2) In a parallelogram, the diagonals bisect each other.
(3) In a parallelogram, the diagonals intersect each other at right angles.
(4) In any quadrilaterals, if a pair of opposite sides are equal, it is parallelogram.
3. If the bisectors of the angles of a parallelogram enclose a quadrilateral then it is a :
(1) Rectangle (2) Parallelogram (3) Kite (4) Rhombus
4. If diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, then it is a:
(1) Square only (2) Rectangle only
(3) Rhombus only (4) Both (1) and (2)
5. Which of the following statement is false:
(1) every square is a rhombus
(2) diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other
(3) diagonals of a rectangle are perpendicular to each other
(4) diagonals of a square are perpendicular to each other
6. Which of the following is not true for a parallelogram ?
(1) opposite sides are equal
(2) opposite angles are equal
(3) opposite angles are bisected by the diagonals
(4) diagonals bisect each other.
Angle Sum Property of Quadrilateral

7. The angles of a quadrilateral are x°, (x – 10°), (x + 30)° and (2x)°, the smallest angle is equal
to :
(1) 68° (2) 52° (3) 58° (4) 47°
8. Two adjacent angles of a parallelogram are in the ration 2 : 3. The angles are :
(1) 90°, 180° (2) 36°, 144° (3) 72°, 108° (4) 52°, 104°
9. One of the diagonals of a rhombus is equal to a side of the rhombus. The pair of unequal angles of
the rhombus are :
(1) 60°, 80° (2) 60°, 120° (3) 120°, 240° (4) 100°, 120°
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10. Two adjacent angles of a parallelogram are (2x + 25)° and (3x – 5)°. The value of x is :
(1) 28° (2) 32° (3) 36° (4) 42°
11. If an angle of a parallelogram is two-third of its adjacent angle, then the angles of a parallelogram
are :
(1) 37°, 143°, 37°, 143° (2) 108°, 72°, 108°, 72°
(3) 68°, 112°, 68°, 112° (4) None of these
12. The measure of all the angles of a parallelogram, if an angle is 24° less than twice the smallest
angle, is :
(1) 37°, 143°, 37°, 143° (2) 108°, 72°, 108°, 72°
(3) 68°, 112°, 68°, 112° (4) None of these
13. Three angles of a quadrilateral are 70°, 85° and 90°. It's fourth angle is:
(1) 90° (2) 115° (3) 100° (4) 85°
14. Diagonals of a parallelogram ABCD intersect at O. If BOC = 90º and BDC = 50º, then OAB
is :
(1) 90º (2) 50º (3) 40º (4) 10 º
15. Two opposite angles of a parallelogram are (3x – 2)º and (50 – x)º then the value of x will be :
(1) 17º (2) 16º (3) 15º (4) 13º
16. Three angles of a quadrilateral are 75°, 90° and 75°. The fourth angle is :
(1) 90° (2) 95° (3) 105° (4) 120°
17. ABCD is a rhombus such that ACB = 40°. Then ADB is :
(1) 40° (2) 45° (3) 50° (4) 60°
Properties of Parallelogram
18. In the given figure, if ABCD is a square, the value of x is :
D C
105°
O
X
A B
(1) 45° (2) 60° (3) 70° (4) 36°
19. Which is not correct about rectangle EFGH?
(1) E = F = G = H = 90°
(2) EG = FH
(3) EF = GH and HE = FG
(4) EG and FH are  bisectors
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20. In a parallelogram ABCD, diagonals AC and BD intersect at O and AC = 12.8 cm and
BD = 7.6 cm, The measure of OC and OD respectively are :
(1) 6.4 cm, 3.8 cm (2) 2.4 cm, 3.8 cm
(3) 4.5 cm, 6.4 cm (4) 3.8 cm, 6.4 cm
21. The length and breadth of a rectangle are in the ratio 4 : 3. If the diagonal measures 25 cm, then
the perimeter of the rectangle is :
(1) 58 cm (2) 60 cm (3) 70 cm (4) 80 cm
22. In a square ABCD, AB = (2x + 3) cm and BC = (3x – 5) cm. Then, the value of x is :
(1) 5 (2) 7 (3) 8 (4) 10
23. In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram, then DBA and BDA are respectively equal
to :
D C
60°
75°
A B
(1) 45°, 60° (2) 60°, 45° (3) 70°, 35° (4) 35°, 70°
24. If the sides BA and DC of quadrilateral ABCD are produced as shown in the given figure, then
D C F
a
y
b x
E A B
xy
(1) x + y = a + b (2) x – y = a – b (3) =a–b (4) 2(x + y) = a + b
2
25. In the given figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral, the line segment bisecting C and D meet at E.
Then 2CED is equal to :
D C
2 1
A B
(1) A+ B (2) A + C (3) B + D (4) C + D

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26. A square ABCD has an equilateral triangle drawn on the side AB (interior of the square). The
triangle has vertex at G. What is the measure of the angle DGC ?
(1) 160° (2) 150° (3) 75° (4) 90°
27. In a ABC, P, Q and R are the mid-points of the sides BC, CA and AB respectively. If AC = 16
cm, BC = 20 cm and AB = 24 cm, then the perimeter of the quadrilateral ARPQ will be :
(1) 60 cm (2) 30 cm (3) 40 cm (4) none of these
28. LMNO is a trapezium with LM || NO. If P and Q are the mid-points of LO and MN respectively
and LM = 5 cm and NO = 10 cm, then PQ =
(1) 2.5 cm (2) 5 cm (3) 7.5 cm (4) 15 cm
29. In the adjoining figure ABCD is a parallelogram, then the measure of x is :
(1) 45º (2) 60º (3) 90º (4) 135º

30. In fig. ABCD is a parallelogram. P and Q are mid points of the sides AB and CD, respectively.
Then PRQS is :
(1) parallelogram (2) trapezium (3) rectangle (4) none of these

31. If angles A, B, C and D of the quadrilateral ABCD, taken in order, are in the ration 3 : 7 : 6 : 4,
then ABCD is a :
(1) rhombus (2) parallelogram (3) trapezium (4) kite
32. If bisectors of A and B of a quadrilateral ABCD intersect each other at P, of B and C at Q,
of C and D at R and of D and A at S, then PQRS is a :
(1) rectangle
(2) rhombus
(3) parallelogram
(4) quadrilateral whose opposite angle are supplementary.
33. If APB and CQD are two parallel lines, then the bisectors of the angles APQ, BPQ, CQP and
PQD form :
(1) a square (2) a rhombus (3) a rectangle (4) any other parallelogram
34. The diagonals AC and BD of a parallelogram ABCD intersect each other at the point O. if
DAC = 32° and AOB = 70°, then DBC is equal to :
(1) 24° (2) 86° (3) 38° (4) 32°
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35. In a rectangle longer side is twice the smaller side, then ratio of longer side to it's diagonal is:
(1) 2 : 5 (2) 5 : 2 (3) 2 : 5 (4) 5 :2
36. D and E are the mid-points of the sides AB and AC respectively of ABC. DE is produced to F.
To prove that CF is equal and parallel to DA, we need an additional information which is :
(1) DAE = EFC (2) AE = EF (3) DE = EF (4) ADE = ECF
37. In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram, M is the mid-points of BD and BD bisects B as
well as D. Then, AMB = ?
D C
A B
(1) 45° (2) 60° (3) 90° (4) 30°

38. In the given figure, ABCD is a rhombus. Then,
D C
A B
2 2 2
(1) AC + BD = AB (2) AC2 + BD2 = 2AB2
(3) AC2 + BD2 = 4AB2 (4) 2(AC2 + BD2) = 3AB2
Miscellaneous
39. If greatest angle of a parallelogram is 30° more than twice the smallest angle, then greatest angle
of the parallelogram is:
(1) 130° (2) 50° (3) 100° (4) 110°
40. A diagonal of a rectangle is inclined to one side of the rectangle at 25°. The acute angle between
the diagonals is :
(1) 55° (2) 50° (3) 40° (4) 25°
41. The quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of a quadrilateral PQRS, taken in
order, is a rhombus, if :
(1) PQRS is a rectangle
(2) PQRS is a parallelogram
(3) diagonals of PQRS are perpendicular
(4) diagonals of PQRS are equal.
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42. The figure formed by joining the mid points of the sides of a quadrilateral ABCD, taken in order,
is a square only if:
(1) ABCD is a rhombus
(2) diagonals of ABCD are equal
(3) diagonals of ABCD are equal and perpendicular
(4) diagonals of ABCD are perpendicular
43. The figure formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of a quadrilateral ABCD, taken in order,
is a rectangle only if :
(1) ABCD is a rhombus
(2) diagonals of ABCD are equal
(3) diagonals of ABCD are unequal and perpendicular
(4) diagonals of ABCD are perpendicular
44. The figure obtained by joining the mid-points of the sides of a rhombus. taken in order, is :
(1) a rhombus (2) a rectangle (3) a square (4) any parallelogram
45. D and E are the mid points of the sides AB and AC of ABC and O is any point on side BC. O is
joined to A. If P and Q are the mid-points of OB and OC respectively, then DEQP is :
(1) a square (2) a rectangle (3) a rhombus (4) a parallelogram
46. The quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-points of the sides of a quadrilateral PQRS, taken in
order, is a rectangle, if
(1) PQRS is a rectangle (2) PQRS is a rhombus
(3) diagonals of PQRS are perpendicular (4) diagonals of PQRS are equal
47. If area of a parallelogram with sides a and b is A and that of a rectangle with sides a and b is B,
then :
(1) A > B (2) A = B (3) A < B (4) A  B
48. The parallel sides of a trapezium are a and b respectively. The line joining the mid-points of its
non-parallel sides will be :
1 1 2ab
(1) (a – b) (2) (a + b) (3) (4) ab
2 2 (a  b)
49. In a trapezium ABCD, if AB || CD, then (AC2 + BD2) :
D C
A B
2 2
(1) BC + AD + 2BC.AD (2) AB + CD2 + 2AB.CD
2
(3) AB2 + CD2 + 2AD.BC (4) BC2 +AD2 + 2AB.CD

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50. ABCD is a quadrilateral piece of land in which DC = 30 m. The land has been divided into three
parts as shown in the figure. If DA || EG || FH || BC, AG = 5 m, GH = 8 m and HB = 12 m then
the length of DE =
(1) 3 m (2) 4 m (3) 5 m (4) 6 m
Multiple Correct Type Questions
51. In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a square and EDC is an equilateral triangle. Then
E
D C
A B
(1) AE = BE (2) DAE = 15° (3) AE = ED (4) DAE = 30°
52. In the given figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AB = AD and BC = CD. Then
A
E
B D
(1) AC bisects A and C (2) BE = CE

(3) ABC = ADC (4) ABC = AED
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53. In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a quadrilateral and AC is one of its diagonals. Then :
D C
B
A
(1) AB + BC + CD + DE > 2AC (2) AB + BC + CD > DA
(3) AB + BC + CD + DE > AC + BD (4) AB + BC + CD > DE
54. In quadrilateral ABCD, AB = AD and BC = DC. Then :
(1) ABCD is a kite (2) Diagonal intersect at 90°
(3) Diagonals are unequal (4) Diagonals bisect each other
55. Which is correct about rectangle EFGH ?
(1) E = F = G = H = 90° (2) EG = FH
(3) EF = GH and HE = FG (4) EG and FH are  bisectors
Statement Type Questions
56. Statement I : Two opposite angles of a parallelogram are (3x – 2)° and (50 – x)°. The measure of
one of the angle is 37°.
Statement II : Opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.
(1) Both statements I and II are correct
(2) Both statements I and II are incorrect
(3) Statement I is correct and statement II is incorrect
(4) Statement I is incorrect and statement II is correct
57. Statement I : ABCD is a square. AC and BD intersect at O. The measure of AOB = 90°.
Statement II : Diagonals of a square bisect each other at right angles.
58. Statement I : In ABC, median AD is produced to X such that AD = DX. Then ABXC is a
parallelogram.
Statement II : Diagonals AX and BC bisect each other at right angles.
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59. Statement I : In ABC, E and F are the midpoints of AC and AB respectively. The altitude AP at
BC intersects FE at Q. Then, AQ = QP.
Statement II : Q is the midpoint of AP.
60. Statement I : ABCD and PQRC are rectangles and Q is a midpoint of AC. Then DP = PC.
Statement II : The line segment joining the midpoints of any two sides of a triangle is parallel to
the third side and equal to half of it.
D P C
R
Q
A B
Paragraph Based Questions
Passage # 1 : The sum of the four angles of quadrilateral is 360°.

61. The angles of a quadrilateral are 100°, 98°, 92° respectively. Find the fourth angle.
(1) 70° (2) 80° (3) 40° (4) 90°
62. In a quadrilateral ABCD, the angles A, B, C, and D are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 4 : 5, then the measure
of each angle of a quadrilateral is :
(1) 36°, 60°, 108°, 156° (2) 30°, 60°, 120°, 150°
(3) 42°, 54°, 110° 154° (4) 72°, 108°, 36°, 144°
63. Three angles of a quadrilateral are respectively equal to 110°, 50° and 40°. Find its fourth angle.
(1) 160° (2) 120° (3) 80° (4) 140°
Passage # 2 : In a parallelogram ABCD, the sum of any two consecutive angles is 180° and opposite
angles are equal.
64. In a parallelogram ABCD, D = 115°, determine the measure of A and B.
(1) A = 85°, B = 115° (2) A = 65°, B = 65°
(3)A = 65°, B = 115° (4)A = 75°, B = 10°
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65. In the given figure, find A in the parallelogram ABCD.
A D
5a
9a
4a
B C
(1) 90° (2) 60° (3) 30° (4) 110°
66. Find the value of Q and P, if P = 10a and R = 50° in a parallelogram PQRS :
(1) Q = 50°, P = 130° (2) Q = 130°, P = 50°
(3)Q = 100°, P = 120° (4) Q = 50°, P = 100°
Passage # 3 : The line segment joining the midpoints of any two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third
side and equal to half of it.
1
67. In the given figure, the side AC of ABC is produced to E such that CE = AC. If D is the
2
midpoint of BC and ED produced meets AB at F and CP, DQ are drawn parallel to BA, then FD :
A
C
F
D
B P
E
1 1
(1) FE (2) FE (3) 2FE (4) FE
2 3
68. In the given figure, AD is a median of ABC and E is the midpoint of AD. Also, BE produced
meets AC in F. Then AF =
A
B D C
1 1
(1) 3AC (2) AC (3) 2AC (4) AC
2 3
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69. In the given figure, D E and F are the midpoints of the sides BC, CA and AB of ABC. BE and
DF intersect at X while CF and DE intersect at Y, then BC = a.XY. Find the value of a.
A
F E
X Y
B D C
1
(1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 2 (4)
4
Fill in the blanks
70. (i) The figure formed by joining the mid points of consecutive sides of a quadrilateral is ………..
(ii) Quadrilateral formed by joining the mid points of the consecutive sides of a rectangle
is………
(iii) A parallelogram is a quadrilateral in which both pairs of opposite sides are ………..
(iv) A diagonal of a parallelogram divides it into two ………….
(v) A quadrilateral is a parallelogram if the diagonals……….. each other.
True or False
71. (i) A parallelogram is a trapezium but a trapezium in not a parallelogram.
(ii) A Kite is a parallelogram.
(iii)The angle bisectors of a parallelogram form a rectangle
(iv) The diagonals of a square are equal and perpendicular to each other
(v) The triangle formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of an isosceles triangle is equilateral
Match the Following

72. (I) Match the following :
Column I Column II
(a) Trapezium (i) Each angle is 90°.
(b) Rectangle (ii) Equal adjacent sides but
unequal opposite sides.
(c) Rhombus (iii) Unequal sides.
(d) Kite (iv) All sides are equal
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QUADRILATERALS : WORKSHEET-2
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. The angles of a quadrilateral are 100°, 98°, 92°. Find the remaining angle.
2. In which parallelogram the lengths of the diagonals are equal ?
3. If the diagonals of a quadrilateral bisect each other at right angles, then name the quadrilateral.
4. Give name of the figure formed by joining the mid points of the adjacent sides of a rhombus.
5. Name the figure formed by joining the mid points of the adjacent sides of a square.
Short Answer Type Questions
6. In a quadrilateral ABCD, the angles A, B, C and D are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 4 : 5. Find the measure
of each angle of the quadrilateral.
7. ABCD is a rhombus with ABC = 58º. Find ACD.
8. Two consecutive angles of a parallelogram are in the ratio 1 : 3. Find the smaller angle.
9. In the given figure, PQRS is a parallelogram in which PSR = 130º, then find RQT.
S
R
130º
P T
Q
10. In the given figure, ABCD is a rhombus. If A = 80º, then find CDB.
A B
80º
D C
11. If the length of the diagonal of a square is 8 cm then find its area.
Long Answer Type Questions
12. In a quadrilateral ABCD, CO and DO are the bisectors of C and D respectively. Prove that
1
COD = (A + B).
2
13. BM and CN are perpendiculars to a line passing through the vertex A of a triangle ABC. If L is
the mid-point of BC, prove that LM = LN.
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14. In the given figure, ABCD is a square and PQR = 90º. If PB = QC = DR, prove that
R C
D
A P B
(i) QB = RC,
(ii) PQ = QR,
(iii) QPR = 45º.
1
15. Prove that area of rhombus =  product of the diagonals.
2
16. Prove that the line segment joining the mid-points of the diagonals of a trapezium is parallel to
each of the parallel sides and is equal to half the difference of these sides.
17. The angle between two altitudes of a parallelogram through the vertex of an obtuse angle of the
parallelogram is 60º. Find the angles of the parallelogram.
18. In figure ABCD is a parallelogram. E and F are the mid-points of the sides AB and CD
respectively. Prove that the line segments AF and CE trisect (divide into three equal parts) the
diagonal BD.
A D
Q
E F
P
B C
19. A square is inscribed in an isosceles right triangle so that the square and the triangle have one
angle common. Show that the vertex of the square opposite the vertex of the common angle
bisects the hypotenuse.
20. In a parallelogram ABCD, AB = 10 cm and AD = 6 cm. The bisector of A meets DC in E. AE
and BC produced meet at F. Find the length of CF.
21. In trapezium ABCD, AB & CD are parallel sides and E, F are the mid-points of non-parallel
sides AD & BC respectively. Prove that.
1
(i) EF || AB and (ii) EF = (AB + CD)
2
A B
E F
P D C
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22. The length of the diagonals of a rhombus are 16 cm and 12 cm. Find the side of the rhombus.
23. In ABC, AD is the median through A and E is the mid-point of AD. BE produced meets AC in
1
F. Prove that AF = AC.
3
24. In the given figure, PQRS is a rectangle. If RPQ = 30º, then find the value of (x + y)
S R
yº
O
xº
P 30º Q
25. In the given figure, ABCD is a rhombus. Find the value of x
A B
x 2x
D C
1
26. ABCD is a parallelogram. P is a point on AD such that AP = AD and Q is a point on BC such
3
1
that CQ = BC. Prove that AQCP is a parallelogram.
3
27. If D, E and F are, respectively the mid- points of sides BC, CA and AB of an equilateral triangle
ABC. Then prove that DEF is also an equilateral triangle.
28. P,Q and R are, respectively, the mid-points of sides BC, CA and AB of a triangle ABC. PR and
1
BQ meet at X. CR and PQ meet at Y. Prove that XY = BC
4
29. Show that the quadrilateral formed by joining the mid-points of the adjacent sides of a square is
also a square.
30. In figure ABCD is a parallelogram and DAB = 60º. If the bisectors AP and BP of angles A and
B respectively meet at P on CD, prove that P is the mid-point of CD.
D P C
30°
30°
A B
31. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || CD and AD = BC. Show that :
(i) A = B
(ii) C = D
(iii) ABC  BAD
(iv) AC = BD.
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32. In figure ABCD is a parallelogram and X and Y are points on the diagonal BD such that
DX = BY.
D C
X
O
Y
A B
Prove that
(i) AXCY is a parallelogram
(ii) AX = CY, AY = CX
(iii) AYB CXD
33. In Fig. PQRS is a parallelogram, PO and QO are the angle bisectors of P and Q respectively.
Line LOM is drawn parallel to PQ.
S R
O
L M
3 6
2 5
1 4
P Q
Prove that :
(i) PL = QM (ii) LO = OM
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ANSWER KEY
WORK SHEET - 1
1.(3) 2.(2) 3.(1) 4.(4) 5.(3) 6.(3) 7.(3)

8.(3) 9.(2) 10.(2) 11.(2) 12.(3) 13.(2) 14.(3)
15.(4) 16.(4) 17.(3) 18.(2) 19.(4) 20.(1) 21.(3)
22.(3) 23.(1) 24.(1) 25.(1) 26.(2) 27.(3) 28.(3)
29.(3) 30.(1) 31.(3) 32.(4) 33.(3) 34.(3) 35.(3)
36.(1) 37.(3) 38.(3) 39.(1) 40.(2) 41.(1) 42.(3)
43.(3) 44.(2) 45.(4) 46.(2) 47.(3) 48.(2) 49.(4)
50.(4) 51.(1,2) 52.(1,3) 53.(1,2,3) 54.(1,2,3) 55.(1,2,3) 56.(1)
57.(1) 58.(3) 59.(1) 60.(1) 61.(1) 62.(2) 63.(1)
64.(3) 65.(1) 66.(2) 67.(2) 68.(4) 69.(2)
70. (i) Parallelogram (ii) Rhombus (iii) Parallel (iv) Congruent triangle
(v) Bisect
71. (i) True (ii) False (iii) True (iv) True (v) False
72. (I) (a)  (iii); (b)  (i); (c)  (iv); (d)  (ii)
WORK SHEET - 2
1. 70º 2. Rectangle 3. Rhombus 4. Rectangle
5. Square 6. 30º, 60º, 120º, 150º 7. 61º
8. 45º 9. 50º 10. 50º 11. 32 cm2
17. 120º, 60º, 120º, 60º 20. 4 cm 22. 10 cm
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MATHS - 8. Quadrilaterals

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MATHS - 8. Quadrilaterals

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CBSE : Class - IX MATHEMATICS

 Terms related to quadrilateral

 Angle sum property of quadrilateral

 Special types of quadrilateral

 Mid point theorem

 Converse of mid point theorem

Types of Convex Properties of Mid Point

TERMS RELATED TO QUADRILATERALS

ANGLES SUM PROPERTY OF A QUADRILATERAL

Sol. In PBC, we have

In QAD, we have Q + A + 1 = 180º

Adding (i) and (ii), we get

[In a quadrilateral ABCD A + B + C + D = 360º]

SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR A QUADRILATERAL TO BE A

Now, in ADN and CBP, we have

So, by AAS criterion of congruence

 1 = 2 .... (i)  Angles opposite to equal 

Now, in  ABC, we have

ext CAD = 22 [1 = 2 (from (i))]

 23 = 22 [AP is the bisector of ext. CAD CAD = 23]

CONVERSE OF MIDPOINT THEOREM

Sol. Given line EF is parallel to AB and AB || DC.

Sol. In BEC, DF is a line through the mid-point D of BC and parallel to BE intersecting CE at F.

Angle Sum Property of Quadrilateral

(1) A+ B (2) A + C (3) B + D (4) C + D

(1) 45º (2) 60º (3) 90º (4) 135º

(1) parallelogram (2) trapezium (3) rectangle (4) none of these

(1) 45° (2) 60° (3) 90° (4) 30°

(3) AB2 + CD2 + 2AD.BC (4) BC2 +AD2 + 2AB.CD

(1) 3 m (2) 4 m (3) 5 m (4) 6 m

Multiple Correct Type Questions

(1) AE = BE (2) DAE = 15° (3) AE = ED (4) DAE = 30°

(1) AC bisects A and C (2) BE = CE

Passage # 1 : The sum of the four angles of quadrilateral is 360°.

Match the Following

Short Answer Type Questions

Long Answer Type Questions

1.(3) 2.(2) 3.(1) 4.(4) 5.(3) 6.(3) 7.(3)

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