Research Situation 3

Two hundred men selected at random from various levels of management were interviewed regarding their concern about
environmental issues. The response of each person was tallied into one of the three categories: no concern, some concern
and great concern. The results were:

Level No Concern Some Great

Concern Concern
Top 15 13 12
Middle 20 19 21
Supervisor 7 7 6
Group Leader 28 21 31

Using the 0.05 significance level, is concern on environmental issues dependent from level of management?

Step 1: State the null hypothesis.

H o : The response of each person regarding their concern on environmental issues are not dependent from level of
management.
H a : The response of each person regarding their concern on environmental issues are dependent from level of
management.

Step 2: Set the level of significance.

α =5 %=0.05

Step 3: Determine the degree of freedom

Two-way Classification:
df =( r−1 ) ( k −1 )=( 4−1 )( 3−1 )=6

Step 4: Locate the tabular value of chi-square:

TV = 12.59

Computations:
( Subtotal A ) ( Subtotal B )
Expected frequency for each entry=
Grand Total

Level No Concern Some Great Subtotal

Concern Concern B
f o1 f e1 f o1 f e1 f o1 f e1
Top 15 14 13 12 12 14 40
Middle 20 21 19 18 21 21 60
Supervisor 7 7 7 6 6 7 20
Group 28 28 21 24 31 28 80
Leader
Subtotal A 70 60 70 200

Fe (Top – No Concern)
= (70)(40)/200 = 14
Fe (Middle – No Concern)
= (70)(60)/200 = 21
Fe (Supervisor – No Concern)
= (70)(20)/200 = 7
Fe (Group Leader – No Concern)
= (70)(80)/200 = 28

Fe (Top – Some Concern)

= (60)(40)/200 = 12
Fe (Middle – Some Concern)
= (60)(60)/200 = 18
Fe (Supervisor – Some Concern)
= (60)(20)/200 = 6
Fe (Group Leader – Some Concern)
= (60)(80)/200 = 24

Fe (Top – Great Concern)

 = (70)(40)/200 = 14
Fe (Middle – Great Concern)
= (70)(60)/200 = 21
Fe (Supervisor – Great Concern)
= (70)(20)/200 = 7
Fe (Group Leader – Great Concern)
= (70)(80)/200 = 28

( 15−14 )2 ( 20−21 )2 ( 7−7 )2 ( 31−28 )2

x 2= + + + …+
14 21 7 28

¿1.55

Since the CV = 1.55 is lesser than the TV = 12.59, then the Ho (The response of each person regarding their
concern on environmental issues are not dependent from level of management) should be accepted. It means that the
response of each person regarding their concern on environmental issues are not dependent from level of management.