NED University of Engineering & Technology

Department of Textile Engineering

Practical Workbook

TS-343 Weaving Mechanism

(Third Year Textile Sciences)

Name :

Roll No. :

Batch :

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 PRACTICAL PLAN
Textile Engineering Department
Course Title: Weaving Mechanism (TS-343)
Serial Practical Remarks

Number

1. Shedding mechanism of ‘shuttle loom’.

2. Picking mechanism of ‘shuttle loom’.

3. Beat-up mechanism of ‘shuttle loom’.

4. Secondary and auxiliary motion of ‘loom’.

5. Weft insertion mechanism of ‘projectile loom’.

6. Projectile braking mechanism.

7. Weft insertion mechanism of ‘rapier loom’.

8. Various ‘Weft Accumulators’ in Textile Fabric

Manufacturing Laboratory.

9. Fabric construction and GSM measurement.

10. Weaving Calculations (Warp and Weft Yarn)

11. Draw drawing-in-draft and reed plan of a weave.

12. Physically develop various weave designs.

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 PRACTICAL # 01
TITLE

To study the Shedding mechanism of ‘shuttle loom’.

OBJECTIVE

To become familiar with the

● Main parts in shuttle loom

● Systematic diagram of passage of yarn through a loom and show main
parts.
● Purpose of Shedding motion

THEORY

Role of the primary motions in the formation of cloth

Shedding:

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

Diagram of Shedding Mechanism:

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

Describe functions of the following loom parts

Loom Parts Function(s)

Beam

Droppers

Heddle wire

Harness frame

Reed

Slay

Temple

Cloth roll

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 PRACTICAL # 02
TITLE

To study the Picking mechanism of ‘shuttle loom’.

OBJECTIVE

To become familiar with the

● Purpose of Picking motion

THEORY

Role of the primary motions in the formation of cloth

Picking:

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

Diagram of Picking Mechanism:

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 PRACTICAL # 03
TITLE

To study the Beat-up mechanism of ‘shuttle loom’.

OBJECTIVE

To become familiar with the

● Purpose of Beat-up motion

THEORY

Role of the primary motions in the formation of cloth

Beat-up:

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

Diagram of Beat-up Mechanism:

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 PRACTICAL # 04
TITLE

To study the Secondary and Auxiliary motion of ‘shuttle loom’.

OBJECTIVE

To become familiar with the

Role of secondary & auxiliary motion in the formation of cloth

● Purpose of let off motion.
● Purpose of take up motion
● Purpose of warp stop motion
● Purpose of warp protection motion
● Purpose of Weft stop motion

THEORY

Role of the secondary in the formation of cloth

Let Off:

Take-up:

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

Role of Auxiliary motion in the formation of cloth

Warp Stop Motion:

Warp Protection Motion:

Weft Stop Motion:

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 PRACTICAL # 05
TITLE

To study the weft insertion mechanism of ‘projectile loom’.

OBJECTIVE

To become familiar with the

● Weft insertion phases in projectile weaving machine.

THEORY
Introduction of projectile loom:

Weft insertion component Function(s)

Weft accumulator

Projectile feeder

Projectile feeder opener

Projectile:

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

Projectile lifter

Picking shoe

Selvedge gripper

Cutter

Brakes at receiving side

Expeller

Conveyor belt

Procedure:

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 PRACTICAL # 06
TITLE

To study the projectile braking mechanism.

OBJECTIVE

To become familiar with the

● Breaks and their function in projectile weaving machine.

THEORY
Function of breaks in weft insertion mechanism

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 PRACTICAL # 07
TITLE

To study the weft insertion mechanism of ‘rapier loom’.

OBJECTIVE

To become familiar with the

● Weft insertion mechanism in rapier weaving machine.

THEORY
Introduction to rapier machine:

Procedure of weft insertion in rapier loom:

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 PRACTICAL # 08
TITLE

To study the various ‘Weft Accumulators’ in textile fabric manufacturing laboratory.

OBJECTIVE

To become familiar with the

● Function of weft accumulators

● Available weft accumulators in textile fabric manufacturing laboratory

● Selection parameter of weft accumulator

THEORY
Core function of weft accumulator

Selection parameter for the weft accumulator

Weft accumulators used in textile fabric lab

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 PRACTICAL # 09
TITLE

To study thread fabric construction and GSM measurement calculation.

OBJECTIVE

To become familiar with the following

● Method to represent the fabric construction

● Relation between the GSM and fabric weight

● Different methods for calculating Thread count i.e. no of ends/inch & no of pick/inch

● Method to calculate the GSM by apparatus and by formula

THEORY

Gram Square Meter (GSM)

Formula by calculation:

{(no of ends per inch/warp count) + (no of picks per inch/weft count)} * 100

Formula using GSM Cutter:

Average weight of 5 sample * 100

PROCEDURE

Thread Count (EPI and PPI)

By Dissection Method

1. Mark warp & weft direction on fabric

2. 5 samples for warp & 5 samples for weft direction have to be tested.

3. Samples should be marked diagonally.

4. Mark 1*1 inch square with the help of a ball point and ruler in warp direction.

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

5. Marked warp & weft direction over the square.

6. Cut the square carefully by scissor and removed the protruding yarn which is out of mark. Or less than 1”.

7. Now, separate out all warp thread and weft threads and count them individually.

8. Record the data.

9. Repeat the procedure for other 4 samples.

10. Average the warp & weft threads separately.

11. Mentioned them as ends per inch & picks per inch.

OR

By Pick Glass

1. Mark warp & weft direction on fabric

2. 5 samples in warp & 5 samples in weft direction have to be tested.

3. Samples should be marked diagonally.

4. Placed the pick glass over the fabric and set view angle.

5. Start counting the threads in the warp direction and record the data.

6. Now at same position count the weft thread and record the data.

7. Repeat the test method for other 4 samples.

8. Calculate the average ends / inch & average picks per inch.

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

Gram Square Meter (GSM)

1. Placed the GSM cutter over the fabric.

2. Cut the 5 samples in diagonal direction.

3. Weight the individual sample using digital weighing balance

4. Average the weight and multiply it by 100.

CALCULATIONS

Thread Count

Gram Square Meter (GSM)

TEST RESULTS

1. Thread Count of given fabric is _____________________________

2. GSM of given fabric is ____________________________________

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 PRACTICAL # 10
TITLE

To study about the material requirement (warp and weft) for the given fabric

construction.

OBJECTIVE

To become familiar with the following

● Method to calculate material requirement

THEORY

Fabric construction=(40 × 40)/(120 × 70) ×110

Warp and weft contraction are 6% and 3.5% respectively.

Wastage % for warp and weft yarn is 2.

CALCULATION

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.
 PRACTICAL # 11
TITLE

To study about the drawing-in-draft and reed plan of a weave.

OBJECTIVE

To become familiar with the following

● Drawing in draft plan

● Lifting plan

● Relation between DID, lifting plan and weave design.

● Reed Plan

THEORY

Drawing in draft plan

Lifting plan

Reed plan

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 Draw the DID and lifting plan of below given weave design.

x x X
x x x
x x X
x x x
x x X
X x x

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 PRACTICAL # 12
TITLE

Draw the various given weave design.

OBJECTIVE

To become familiar with the following

Weave design

Types of weave design

THEORY

Weave design

Types of weave design

Plain weave

Twill weave

Satin weave

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.

 Draw the weave design for 3/1 twill weave.

Prepared by Sarah Jaweed, Lecturer, Textile Engineering Department.