Introduction

As we have seen in our last session we are expected to know how to use a
multimeter. A multimeter is an instrument that we use to measure the current flowing
within the circuit, the voltage across an element and also the resistance of a material.
It is also known as volt-ohm-milliammeter, which is composed from the names
voltmeter, ohmmeter and ammeter.

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 1. Objective of the experiment
How we going to use multimeter to measure current, voltage and resistance.
2. Equipment’s Used
The equipment we used are one Variable Dual Power supply , two
multimeters and connecting board.

No. Description Code/Lab Reference Quantity

1 Variable Dual DC Power 1
Supply
2 Voltmeter 2
3 Connecting Board 1
4 Jumper cable 2

3. Components Used
Five different values of color coded carbon resisters described in the table
below

No. Description Type Quantity

1 Resister 1K 1
2 Resister 10K 1
3 Resister 15K 1
4 Resister 2.2K 1
5 Resister 1.5K 1

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4. Theory

Before we going to our experiment result and measurement am going to explain some terms
and their meanings in detail as follows.
4.1. Ammeter
We use an ammeter to measure current through a given circuit. To measure the
current we have to include/connect the ammeter in a series with a branch of circuit so
that it passes all the current through the branch. The SI unit of current is ampere
represent with symbol A.
4.2. Voltmeter
We also use a voltmeter to measure voltage. It is connected in parallel across
the point where the potential deference is measured. The SI unit of voltage is volt
represent with symbol V.
4.3. Ohmmeter
An Ohmmeter is an instrument used to measure resistance. The SI unit of resistance is
Ohm’s represent with symbol .

Now let’s seen what’s mean resistance and their type in detail.
Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electric circuit. In our
experiment we used carbon resisters which are color coded to indicate their values. There are
Four band resister, Five band resister and Six band resister. In this experiment we have seen
Four band resister which is most common variation. Each band represents the value of the
resister.
For example let see the Four band resister. The first color band and the second color band
gives the first and second digits and the third band gives the multiplier power the last band
gives the tolerance. If the tolerance band is left blank it means it has tolerance of 20%
otherwise it will represent with some color band.

Let’s say if the color on a Four band resister is brown, green, red and violet. The values of
color bands will be like this : Brown =1, green=5, Red=102 violet =0.10%. Therefore, the
value of the resister will be 15X100=1500 with tolerance of +/-0.10%.

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5. Procedure
5.1. PART A
The resisters that are given in the lab for part A are as follows in the color band
R1: Brown, Black, Red and Gold
R2: Brown, Black, Orange and Gold
R3: Brown, Green and Gold

From our preparation we already calculated the value of each resisters

R1: Brown=1, Black=0, Red=10^2 and Gold=5%, R1=1K with tolerance of +/- 5%

R2: Brown=1, Black=0, Orange=10^3 and Gold=5%, R2=10K with tolerance of +/- 5%

R3: Brown=1, Green=5, Orange=10^3 and Gold=5%, R3=15K with tolerance of +/- 5%

The circuit we are given is shown in the below figure one.

Fig. 1 Simple DC circuit

So we are attempt to close the switch S and increase E from 8 to 10V until we get the current
reading in R2 will be 0.75mA. and then we are asked to take the measurement of currents in
R1, R2 and R3 using milliammeter and voltage across R1, R2, R3 and E as shown in the
figure and put the result in a table. Don’t forget the proper polarity of the multimeter. Also
we are asked to measure E with the switch open and closed and check whether the reading
are the same or not if not why?

Measured values are as follows in the table

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 E R1 R2 R3 I1 I2 I3 V1 V2 V3
Measured 8.93V 0.997K 10.03k 15.10k 1.24mA 0.75mA 0.50mA 1.86V 7.67V 7.67V

5.2. PART B
We going to repeat the same procedure of part a for part b. In this case the value of R4 =
2.2K, R5 = 1K , R6 = 1.5K all resister with tolerance of ±5% and E1 = 6V and
E2=2.73V as shown in the fig. 2 below.

Figure 2: Two source DC Current.

Measured values are as follows in the table

E1 E2 R4 R5 R6 I4 I5 I6 V4 V5 V6
Measure 6V 2.73V 2.17K 0.99K 1.48K 2.65mA 2.65mA 0m 6V 3V 0V
d  A

6. Calculation
Part A.

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 E R1(K) R2( k) R3( k) I1( mA) I2(mA) I3(mA) V1(V) V2(V) V3(V)
Calculation 1±5% 10±5% 15±5% 1.25±5% 0.75±5% 0.5±5% 1.25±5% 7.5±5% 7.5±5%

Part B. in this case we have two DC source E16=V and E2=2.73V which is applied at different
places and we have given the value of all resisters as shown the figure 2. Having this values in
mind lets compute for the reset unknown values.

E1 E2 R4(K R5( k) R6( k) I4( mA) I5(mA) I6(mA) V4(V) V5(V) V6(V)
)
Calculation 2.2 1 1.5 2.727 2.727 0 5.99 2.727 0

7. Result

From the above we can see that there is some difference between measured value and
theoretical values. This is due to measurement error and human error. which it tabulated
below to compare them.

Part A.

E(V) R1(K) R2(K) R3(K) I19(mA) I2(mA) I3(mA) V1(V) V2(V) V3(V)
Measured 8.93 0.997 10.03 15.10 1.24 0.75 0.50 1.86 7.67 7.67
Calculation 1±5% 10±5% 15±5% 1.25±5% 0.75±5% 0.5±5% 1.25±5% 7.5±5% 7.5±5%

Part B.
E1(V E2(V) R4(K R5( k R6( k I4( mA I5(mA) I6(mA V4(V) V5(V) V6(V)
) ) ) ) ) )
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 Measured 6 2.73 2.1 0.99 1.48 2.65 2.65mA 0mA 6V 3V 0V
Calculation 2.2 1 1.5 2.727 2.727 0 5.99 2.727 0

8. Discussion and Conclusion

From the data analysis, we can see that most of the experimental and theoretical values are
equal. This shows us we can conduct 99% accurate experiment. Besides this, there are some
inequalities between theoretical and experimental values. This difference is a source of our
errors.

Therefore, the devise we used to measure current, voltage and resistance is effective to apply
in any kind of circuit.