Name : Siti Zulaecha

NIM : 2019260018

Introduction to Discourse Analysis

This discussion is expected to help us get a comprehensive picture of wacana analysis so that we are
able to analyze the wacanas in the correct context. this will avoid the unnecessary confusion normally
experienced by students of the new narrative analysis. The next part of this section will be devoted to
exploring the scope of the wacana analysis.

The second section will be used to introduce us to different systems of analysis. With the presentation
of multiple systems of analysis, we will be able to understand how analysis should be done and how
each definition carries with ita selection of different levels of complexity analysis. Having done this
activity, we are expected to be able to understand the nature of wacana and develop an alternate
definition of discourse in our own language.

The definition of time always helps to begin to study a subject by studying its definition. Moreover, it
will also provide information about the components of the thing defined.However, this is not entirely
true about the analysis of the wacana. To give detailed illustrations, let's see how many different
authors use their perspectives to define the wacana. The definition can be understood by saying that the
wacana is a process of communication. From this definition we can see that it can take the form of oral
communication or written communication. In other words, discourse can be spoken or written
communication.

Gumperz (1977: 17) defines the discourse as "a certain routine of communication viewed as a different
whole, separate from another type of discourse, characterized by special non-verbal speech and
behavior, and often distinguished by opening and closing." This definition clearly gives a more detailed
and specific clue as to what the discourse is. For gumperz, the discourse was not just a kind of
communication, but a routine. It has to be communication that becomes part of our routine. In other
words, the differences of other routines are usually easily identified, as gumperz said, by clear opening
and closing. Looking at the description of widdowson's definition, for example, has its own opening,
usually in the form of a greeting, for example. We can say that there are three parts in the discourse,
which is the opening, the exchange of information, and the closing.

With this illustration, we are expected to have a clearer picture of how the structure of a wacana
distinguishes a discourse from other. In this definition, the narrative has been defined in a very broad
sense. These included not only daily communication but also political communication.

From the three definitions discussed in the preceding section, we can see that the discourse must be a
process of communication through interaction (widdowson, 1984), a different routine and marked by
clear opening and closing (gumperz, 1977), and could be used for political and everyday communication.
Now let's move on to how the narrative is defined in the linguistic perspective. In linguistics, the
discourse is also seen in a different perspective.