Physics 101

Ch-2: motion
in one dimension

6th Edition - 2021

0797973884

Mechanical engineer at JUST Mohammad Y Rawashdeh

 ‫‪Chapter #2: motion in one dimension‬‬
‫ر‬
‫❖ مقدمة ‪ :‬هاذ الشابت عن موضوع الحركة باتجاه واحد فقط والحركة هيه ر‬
‫تغت الموضع بالنسبة‬
‫التغتات حتكون عىل خط واحد‬‫ر‬ ‫إىل مرجع ثابت يف حالة االتجاه الواحد نقطة المرجع وكل‬
‫(محور واحد) مستقيم مثل ‪ :‬سيارة ماشية عىل شارع مستقيم‪ ،‬قذف كره إىل أعىل بشكل عمودي‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪2.1 position, velocity and speed.‬‬

‫‪1. position.‬‬
‫‪A particle’s position (x) is the location of the particle with respect to a chosen‬‬
‫‪reference point that we can consider to be the origin of a coordinate system. The‬‬
‫‪motion of a particle is completely known if the particle’s position in space is‬‬
‫‪always known.‬‬
‫ً‬
‫ال فوق‪ :‬الموضع هوه عبارة عن الموقع نسبة إل مرجع محدد‪ .‬مثال لما تدل حدا عبيت‬ ‫❖ معن الكالم ي‬
‫ال هوه اإلشارة لحتا تقدر‬ ‫ر‬
‫أو عطريق بتحكيله بعد اإلشارة ب ‪ 200‬مت بعدين يمي أنتا حددت مرجع ي‬
‫تحك‬
‫يعن لما ي‬‫البيان (الرياضيات والفتياء) المرجع هوه نقطة األصل (‪ )0.0‬ي‬
‫ي‬ ‫توصفله تمام ‪ .‬يف الرسم‬
‫بتمش ‪ 3‬عالسينات و‪ 4‬عالصادات ‪.‬‬
‫ي‬ ‫النقطة (‪ )3.4‬معناها من الصفر‬

‫‪❖ Displacement and distance:‬‬

‫)‪1. Distance (scalar): (all x‬‬
‫‪.‬طول المسافة المقطوعة‬
‫‪2. Displacement (vector): change in position‬‬
‫(من األخر وين كان ووين صار) ‪(∆𝑿 = 𝑿𝒇 − 𝑿𝒊 ).‬‬

‫❖ الفرق ما بي )‪ (Displacement‬و )‪ :(distance‬المسافة عبارة عن طول الطريق المقطوعة أما‬

‫اإلزاحة هيه عبارة عن نقطة النهاية ناقص نقطة البداية فقط ما إلك بالطريق المسلوك‪.‬‬
‫ً‬
‫مثال ‪ :‬أنتا بدك تطلع عىل سطح بناية إرتفعها ‪ 30‬ر‬
‫الجانن لحد ما وصلت‬
‫ي‬ ‫مت طلعت عىل الدرج‬ ‫❖‬
‫مت لكن المسافة ل‪ ،‬الدرج كثت طويل انتا مشيت ر‬
‫أكت‬ ‫السطح هيك بتكون اإلزاحة اال قطعتها ‪ 30‬ر‬
‫ي‬
‫بكثت المسافة بتمثل طول الدرج كامل‪ ،‬لنفرض أنك طلعت عالسطح ورجعت نزلت‬ ‫ر‬
‫من ‪ 30‬مت ر‬
‫المسافة بتكون ضعف المره األوىل ألنك قطعت الدرج مرتي أما اإلزاحة صفر ليش ؟؟ ألنك كنت‬
‫ً‬
‫عاألرض (نقطة بداية) طلعت ورجعت نزلت عاألرض إذا نقطة البداية نفسها نقطة النهاية لهيك‬
‫😊‬ ‫إزاحتك صفر ‪ .‬مع المثال القادم أكيد حتفهم ‪.‬‬

‫‪Page 1 of 30‬‬
Ex) if you walked 10 m to the right then 8m to the left then 4m to right find:
1) the distance you traveled. 2) your displacement.

final
initial

2 6 10

Sol:
1)
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑥 = 10 + 8 + 4 = 22 𝑚
2)
∆𝑥 = 𝑋𝑓 − 𝑋𝑖 = 6 − 0 = 6
.6 ‫بموضع من الصفر لعند ال‬
‫ي‬ ‫ بالنهاية أنا التغت‬#
Ex) an object moves 15 m north then 9m south. Find both distance traveled and
the mugnitude of the displacement vector.
.‫ مالحظة الرسمة مش من السؤال بهاي األسئلة أرسم أفضل‬#
Sol: north
1)
15
9

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐 = 9 + 15 = 24 𝑚
2)
∆𝑌 = 6 − 0 = 6 6

‫) وهوه‬-6( ‫ لنفرض إنو اإلزاحة طلعت‬:‫❖ مالحظة‬

‫) بتوخذ المطلق‬magnitude( ‫طالب بالسؤال‬
south
. ‫ موجب‬6 ‫فالجواب‬

Page 2 of 30
Ex) particle moves along the x-axis from Xi to Xf which of the flowing positions
produce the largest displacement?
A) 𝑋𝑖 = 4 , 𝑋𝑓 = 6
B) 𝑋𝑖 = −4 , 𝑋𝑓 = −8
C) 𝑋𝑖 = 4 , 𝑋𝑓 = −2
D) 𝑿𝒊 = −𝟒 , 𝑿𝒇 = 𝟒
‫❖ الحل أنك بتطرح نهاية من بداية وأكت جواب ر‬
‫حن لو كان سالب بدو أكت إزاحة كقيمة التجاه مش‬
.‫مهم‬

Ex) a boy walks along the x-axis from: (X=10m to X=30m, then to X=-20m) what
is his displacement?
Sol: 𝑋𝑖 = 10𝑚 , 𝑋𝑓 = −20𝑚
∆𝑋 = −20 − 10 = 30𝑚

Ex) under which of the following conditions the magnitude of the displacement of
a particle moving in one dimension smaller than distance?
A) a particle moves in +x direction without reversing.
B) a particle moves in -x direction without reversing.
C) a particle moves in +x direction and the revers the direction of its motion.
D) there are no conditions for which this is true.

‫ اإلزاحة إما أن تكون مساوية للمسافة يف حال تحرك الجسم حركة مستقيمة بدون ما يعكس‬:‫❖ مالحظة‬
.‫إتجاهه أو أقل يف حال عكس اتجاهه وال يمكن تكون أكت‬

Page 3 of 30
Ex) a displacement vector is (20 km) in length and directed (30°) south of east.
What is the y-component of this vector?
Sol:
𝑌 = −𝑟 sin 𝜃 = −20 × sin 30° = −10 𝑘𝑚

Ex) a person walks in a distance (x) northward, turns around and walks a distance
(7x) southward. If the total displacement of the person from his starting position is
(300 m) south. What was the total distance walked?
Sol:
∆𝑌 = 𝑌𝑓 − 𝑌𝑖
300
300 = 7𝑥 − 𝑥 → 𝑥 = = 50
6
First distance:
𝑥 = 50
Second distance:
7𝑥 = 7 × 50 = 350
𝑑 = 50 + 350 = 400 𝑚
.‫ األسئلة هاي لو ما رسمت احتمال كبت إنك تخربط‬:‫ مالحظة‬#

Page 4 of 30
‫‪2.velocity, speed and acceleration‬‬

‫‪Average velocity (vector).‬‬ ‫)‪2.4 acceleration. (vector‬‬

‫𝒊𝑿 ‪∆𝑿 𝑿𝒇 −‬‬ ‫❖ التغت بالرسعة بالنسبة للزمن‪.‬‬
‫=̅‬
‫𝑽‬ ‫=‬ ‫)𝒔‪, (𝒎/‬‬
‫𝒕∆‬ ‫𝒕∆‬
‫)‪ava acceleration. (vector‬‬
‫‪2.2 Instantaneous velocity.‬‬
‫𝑽∆‬ ‫𝒊𝑽 ‪𝑽𝒇 −‬‬
‫𝒙𝒅‬ ‫=̅‬
‫𝒂‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝟐𝒔‪, 𝒎/‬‬
‫= 𝑽⃗‬ ‫𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒔 =‬ ‫𝒕∆‬ ‫𝒊𝒕 ‪𝒕𝒇 −‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫‪instantaneous acceleration:‬‬
‫(مشتقة المعادلة بالنسبة للزمن)‬
‫)‪(vector‬‬
‫❖ رسعتك عند لحظة معينة منوجدها عن‬
‫𝒙 𝟐𝒅 𝒗𝒅‬
‫طريق التعويض بمعادلة الرسعة بالنسبة‬ ‫= ⃗‬
‫𝒂‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝒆𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒔 =‬
‫𝟐𝒕𝒅 𝒕𝒅‬
‫للزمن بيعطيك معادلة الموضع بالسؤال‬
‫بتشتقها وبتعوض فيها فقط ‪.‬‬ ‫‪2.3 particle under constant‬‬
‫(مع األمثلة بتفهم)‪.‬‬ ‫‪velocity.‬‬
‫❖ الفرق ما ربي معدل الرسعة والرسعة‬ ‫❖ موضوع (مش داخل بالسيليبس لكن‬
‫اللحظية (مثال)‪:‬‬ ‫بفيدن بالدرس القادم ومهم) سهل كثت‬
‫ي‬
‫كالتال إذا أنا عندي جسم بتحرك‬
‫ي‬ ‫الفكرة‬
‫لنفرض إنك طلعت من البيت ورايح عمتجر‬
‫معي ببعد عن بيتك ‪ 100‬ر‬ ‫برسعة ثابتة بقدر أعرف وين حيكون بعد‬
‫مت ‪ 10‬دقائق كنت‬ ‫ً‬
‫زمن معي فقط ل غت ‪(.‬مثال‪ :‬لو حكيتلك‬
‫واصل المتجر تمام ؟ تمام حكيتلك أحسب‬
‫جسم بنقطة األصل اآلن بتحرك برسعة‬
‫بتحك‬
‫ي‬ ‫معدل رسعتك وأنتا رايح كيف؟؟؟‬
‫‪ 10 = 10/100‬ر‬ ‫(‪ )10m/s‬بعد ثانية وين حيكون ؟‬
‫مت‪/‬دقيقة‬ ‫حيكون قطع ‪ 10‬ر‬
‫مت طب بعد ثانيتي ‪20‬‬
‫هاذ معدل رسعتك طيب شو الرسعة اللحظية ؟‬ ‫ر‬
‫مت فقط)‪.‬‬
‫ماش ول‬
‫ي‬ ‫الرسعة اللحظية‪ 2:‬لو سألتك ضليتك‬ ‫𝒊𝑿 ‪𝑿𝒇 −‬‬
‫تحكيىل عالطريق‬
‫ي‬ ‫وقفت ول ركضت يمكن‬ ‫=𝑽‬
‫ً‬ ‫𝒕‬
‫صحان إذا بلحظة معينة رسعتك‬
‫ي‬ ‫وقفت مع‬
‫𝒕𝒗 ‪𝑿𝒇 = 𝑿𝒊 +‬‬
‫كانت صفر وهيه الرسعة اللحظية لما كنت‬
‫واقف مع صحابك‪.‬‬ ‫‪(just for constant velocity).‬‬
‫)‪Ava speed (scalar‬‬
‫)𝒅( 𝒙 𝒍𝒍𝒂‬
‫𝒕‬
‫‪ #‬هون بتوخذ مسافة مش إزاحة فقط ل غت ‪.‬‬
‫‪Page 5 of 30‬‬ ‫(المثال القادم ركز فيه)‪.‬‬
Ex) in the figure shown if you walked 100 km in 10 s then you back to your initial
position in 12s find your:
1) ava velocity and ava speed in the first 10 s and after you back.
Sol:
1) in the first 10s 12s
𝑋𝑓 − 𝑋𝑖 100 − 0 10s
𝑉= = = 10 𝑘𝑚/𝑠
𝑡 10
100
𝑎𝑣𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = = 10 𝑘𝑚/𝑠
10
2) after back:
0−0
𝑉= =0
22

100 + 100
𝑎𝑣𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = = 9.09 𝑘𝑚/𝑠
22

Ex) in the figure shown if you walked with (10m/s) to the right in (3s) then (12m/s)
to the left in (2s) what is your acceleration?
Sol: 12m/s
𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 −12 − 10 10m/s
𝑎= = = −4.4𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡 3+2
‫❖ مالحظة الرسعة النهائية هون سالب ألنه الرسعة متجهة الحركة كانت عكس التجاه األول فإجباري‬
‫ئ‬
‫تباط الجسم زادت رسعته مع‬ ‫يطلع معاك التسارع سالب بسبب التجاه مش موضوع تباط (ما‬
.)‫ذلك التسارع سالب‬

Page 6 of 30
Ex) two cars are 150 km apart traveling toward each other one car is moving at
(60 km/h) and the other at (40 km/h). after how many hours thy will meet?
Sol:
𝑋 150 150
𝑉1 + 𝑉2 = = →𝑡= = 1.5 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
𝑡 𝑡 100

 Note:
‫الرسعتي (ليش ألنه السيارتي بقللوا من الزمن‬
‫ر‬ ‫❖ األسئلة هاي نوعي يف حال بقربوا عىل بعض بجمع‬
.) ‫الالزم لاللتقاء‬
‫الكبتة (ليش ألنه‬
‫ر‬ ‫الصغتة من‬
‫ر‬ ‫❖ أو سيارة بتبعد والثانية وراها بتحاول تصلها بهاي الحالة بطرح‬
.‫رياض فكر فيه كويس بطلع معك‬
‫ي‬ ‫ يف إثبات‬. ) ‫الرسعة األقل ربتيد الزمن الالزم للقاء‬

Ex) A particle moves along the (x-axis). Its position varies with time according to
the expression (𝑋 = −4𝑡 + 2𝑡 2 ), where x is in meters and t is in seconds. The
(position–time) graph for this motion is shown in the Figure. Because the position
of the particle is given by a mathematical function, the motion of the particle is
completely known. Notice that the particle moves in the negative x direction for
the first second of motion, is momentarily at rest at the moment (t =1 s), and moves
in the positive x direction at times (t > 1 s).
A) Determine the displacement of the particle in the time intervals:
(t = 0 to t =1s and t = 1s to t =3 s)
Sol:
1)from t =0 to t= 1 (from a to b)
∆𝑋 = −2 − 0 = −2
2) from t =1 to t =3
∆𝑋 = 6 − (−2) = 8

Page 7 of 30
B) Calculate the average velocity during these two-time intervals.
1) from t =0 to t= 1 (from a to b)
−2
𝑉̅ = = −2 𝑚/𝑠
1
2) from t =1 to t =3
8
𝑉̅ = = 4 𝑚/𝑠
3−1
C) Find the instantaneous velocity of the particle at t = 2.5 s.
𝑋(𝑡) = −4𝑡 + 2𝑡 2

𝑉 (𝑡) = 𝑋(̀𝑡) = −4 + 4𝑡
𝑉 (2.5) = −4 + 4(2.5) = 6 𝑚/𝑠

.)‫ السؤال بتقدر تحلو كامل بدون الرسمة الرسمة بس للتوضيح (جرب حلو مثل أخر فرع‬:‫❖ مالحظة‬
Ex) One drop of oil falls straight down onto the road from the engine of a moving
car every 5 s. the Figure shows the pattern of the drops left behind on the pavement.
What is the average speed of the car over this section of its motion?
(a) 20 m/s (b) 24 m/s (c) 30 m/s (d) 100 m/s (e) 120 m/s

Sol:
6 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 → 𝑡 = 25 𝑠 , ∆𝑥 = 600 𝑚
600
̅=
𝑽 = 24 𝑚/𝑠
25

Page 8 of 30
Ex) you drive a car along a straight road for (8.4 km) at (70 km/h) at which point
the car runs out of gas and stops. over the next (30 minute) you walk another
(2 km) to a gas station. Find:
1) your displacement from the beginning of your drive until you arrive to the
station?
Sol:
∆𝑋 = 𝑋𝑓 − 𝑋𝑖 = (8.4 + 2) − (0) = 10.4
(and its = the distance why??)
2) the time you spent from the beginning of your movement until the station.
∆𝑋 ∆𝑋 8.4 𝑘𝑚
⃗ =
𝑉 → 𝑡1 = = = 0.12 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟
𝑡1 𝑉 70 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
𝑡2 = 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑠 = 0.5 ℎ
𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 = 0.12 + 0.5 = 0.62 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟

3) What is your ava velocity from the beginning to the station?

∆𝑋 10.4
𝑉̅ = = = 16.8 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
∆𝑡 0.62
4) suppose that to pump the gasoline and walk back to the car talked from you
another 45 minutes:
a) What’s your ava speed from the beginning to your return to the car?
𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑋 = 10.4 + 2 (𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟) = 12.4 𝑘𝑚
𝑡 = 0.62 ℎ + 0.75 ℎ = 1.37 ℎ
12.4
𝑎𝑣𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = = 9.1 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
1.37
b) after return what is your total displacement and ava velocity?
∆𝑋 = 𝑋𝑓 − 𝑋𝑖 = 8.4 − 0 = 8.4 𝑘𝑚
8.4 𝑘𝑚
𝑉̅ = = 6.13 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
1.37 ℎ
❖ Note: from the car (Xi) to the station then back to the car (Xf =Xi) ∆X = zero.
Page 9 of 30
Ex) a particle moves along the x-axis its position varied with time according to the
equation (𝑋(𝑡) = −4𝑡 + 2𝑡 2 ) .X in meter and t in second.
A) determine the displacement of the particle in the time interval from
(t=0 to t=1, and t=1 to t=3).
Sol:
1) from t =0 to t= 1
𝑋(0) = −4 × 0 + 2 × 0 = 0 , 𝑋(1) = (−4 × 1) + (2 × 1) = −2 𝑚
∆𝑋 = −2 − 0 = −2 𝑚
2) from t =1 to t =3
∆𝑋 = 6 − (−2) = 8 𝑚
B) Calculate the average velocity during these two-time intervals.
1) from t =0 to t= 1
−2
𝑉̅ = = −2 𝑚/𝑠
1
2) from t =1 to t =3
8
𝑉̅ = = 4 𝑚/𝑠
3−1
C) Find the instantaneous velocity of the particle at (t = 2.5 s).
𝑋(𝑡) = −4𝑡 + 2𝑡 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑉 (𝑡 ) = = −4 + 4𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑉 (2.5) = −4 + 4(2.5) = 6 𝑚/𝑠
D) find the ava acceleration on these intervals.
1) from t =0 to t= 1
𝑉 (0) = −4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑉 (1) = 0
0 − (−4)
𝑎= = 4 𝑚/𝑠 2
1−0

Page 10 of 30
2) from t =1 to t =3
𝑉 (3) = 8 𝑚/𝑠
8−0
𝑎= = 4 𝑚/𝑠 2
3−1

F) find the instantaneous acceleration at (t=3).

𝑑𝑣
𝑎 (𝑡 ) = = 4 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑑𝑡

Ex) the position of a particle is moving on the x-axis is given by

(𝑋(𝑡) = 4𝑡 − 3𝑡 3 ), where x is in meter and t is in second:
1) at what time will the particle have zero velocity?
Sol:
𝑑𝑥
𝑉 (𝑡 ) = = 4 − 9𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡
4
0 = 4 − 9𝑡 2 → 𝑡 2 = → 𝑡 = 0.666𝑠
9
2) what is the ava velocity between t=1s and t=2s??
𝑋(1) = 4(1) − 3(1) = 1𝑚 , 𝑋(2) = 8 − 3(8) = −16𝑚
−16 − 1
𝑉̅ = = −17𝑚/𝑠
1
3) what is the acceleration between (t=1s and t=2s)?
𝑉 (1) = 4 − 9(1) = −5𝑚/𝑠 , 𝑉 (2) = 4 − 9(4) = −32𝑚/𝑠
−32 − (−5)
𝑉̅ = = − 27 𝑚/𝑠 2
1
4) what is the instantaneous acceleration at (t= 2s)?
𝑑𝑣
𝑎 (𝑡 ) = = −18𝑡 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 2𝑠 , 𝑎(2) = −36 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑑𝑡

Page 11 of 30
Ex) A position–time graph for a particle moving along the x axis is shown in the
Figure.
(a) Find the average velocity in the time interval (𝑡 = 1.5 𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑡 = 4 𝑠).
(b) Determine the instantaneous velocity at (𝑡 = 2 𝑠). by measuring the slope of
the tangent line shown in the graph.
(c) At what value of t is the velocity zero?
Sol:
(a):𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 1.5 𝑠, 𝑥 = 8 𝑚 , 𝑡 = 4 𝑠, 𝑥 = 2 𝑚 (A)
∆𝑿
̅=
𝑽
∆𝒕 (B)
2−8
̅=
𝑽 = −2.4 𝑚/𝑠
4 − 1.5

(b): The slope of the tangent line can be found from points (A) and (B).
𝑎𝑡 (𝐴), 𝑡 = 1.5 𝑠 , 𝑥 = 8 𝑚 , 𝑎𝑡 (𝐵 ) 𝑡 = 2.5 𝑠 , 𝑥 = 4 𝑚
𝟒−𝟖
𝑽= ≈ −𝟒 𝒎/𝒔
𝟐. 𝟓 − 𝟏. 𝟓

(c): The velocity will be zero when the slope of the tangent line is zero (horizontal).
This occurs for the point on the graph where x has its minimum value. This is at
(t ≈ 4.0 s).

Ex) a jet lands on an aircraft carrier at (63m/s). what is its ava acceleration if
it stops in (3 s)?
Sol:
𝑣𝑓 − 𝑣𝑖 0 − 63
𝑎= = = −21 𝑚/𝑠 2
∆𝑡 3

Page 12 of 30
Ex) You are driving home from university at a constant speed of 95 km/h for 180
km. You then slow down to a constant speed of 65 km/h. You arrive home after
driving 4.5 h. your average speed is Select one:
a) 102 km/h b)78 km/h c)98 km/h d)80 km/h
Sol:
∆𝑥1 180
𝑡1 = = = 1.895 ℎ
𝑉1 95
4.5 ℎ = 𝑡1 + 𝑡2 → 𝑡2 = 4.5 − 1.895 = 2.6 ℎ
∆𝑥2 = 𝑡2 × 𝑉2 = 2.6 × 65 = 169.34 𝑘𝑚
∆𝑿 ∆𝒙𝟏 + ∆𝒙𝟐 𝟏𝟔𝟗. 𝟑𝟒 + 𝟏𝟖𝟎
̅=
𝑽 = = = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟔𝟑 𝒌𝒎/𝒉
∆𝒕 𝒕𝟏 + 𝒕𝟐 𝟒. 𝟓

Ex) A man walks 8 km south for 4 hours, then 8 km north for 4 hours. What is the
average speed and the ava velocity of the man (in unit of km/h)?
Sol:
- Ava speed:
𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒙
𝒕
8+8
𝑎𝑣𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = = 2 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
8
- Ava velocity:
∆𝑿 𝟎
̅=
𝑽 = = 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐
∆𝒕 𝟖

Page 13 of 30
Ex) A car travels north at (30 m/s) for one half hour. It then travels south at
(40 m/s) for (15minutes). find:
1)The total distance the car has traveled. 2) its displacement.
3) its ava speed. 3) its ava velocity.
Sol:

1) 3)
∆𝑌1 = 𝑉1 × 𝑡1 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑌
𝑎𝑣𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑚 60 𝑠 ∆𝑡
∆𝑌1 = 30 ( ) × 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 × 90 𝑘𝑚
𝑠 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑣𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = (0.5+0.25)ℎ
∆𝑌1 = 54000 𝑚 = 54 𝑘𝑚
𝑎𝑣𝑎 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 120 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
∆𝑌2 = 𝑉2 × 𝑡2
4)
𝑚 60 𝑠
∆𝑌2 = 40 ( ) × 15 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 × ∆𝒀
𝑠 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 ̅=
𝑽
∆𝒕
∆𝑌1 = 36000 𝑚 = 36 𝑘𝑚
𝟏𝟖
̅=
𝑽 = 𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝒎/𝒉
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟓𝟒 + 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟗𝟎 𝒌𝒎 𝟎. 𝟕𝟓
2)
∆𝒀 = +𝟓𝟒 − 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒌𝒎
Ex) The velocity of a particle moving along the x axis is given by
(𝑣(𝑡) = 32𝑡 − 2𝑡 3 ) where (t) is in seconds. What is the acceleration of the particle
(in units of m/s2) When it achieves its maximum displacement?
Sol:
𝑉 (𝑡) = 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜, → 32𝑡 − 2𝑡 3 = 0 → 𝑡 = 4 𝑠
𝑎(𝑡) = 32 − 6𝑡 2 → 𝑎(4) = 32 − 94 = −64 𝑚/𝑠 2
❖ Note: (just for these questions just)
1. Displacement is maximum when (v) equal zero.
2. Velocity is maximum when (a) equal zero.
3. When a particle revers its direction (v) equal zero.
.‫ أي جسم الزم يوقف لحتا يعكس اتجاه حركته‬#
Page 14 of 30
‫‪2.6 Particle Under Constant Acceleration.‬‬
‫ر‬
‫❖ التسارع الثابت‪ :‬معن التسارع الثابت إنه الجسم بتداد رسعته أو بتتناقص بقيمة متساوية ي‬
‫يعن لما‬
‫أحك (‪ )10 m/s2‬القصد إنه بالثانية األول ربتيد رسعة الجسم ‪ 10‬والثانية ربتيد كمان ‪ 10‬والثالثة ربتيد‬
‫ي‬
‫كمان ‪ 10‬وهكذا ‪.‬‬

‫𝒕𝒂 ‪1) 𝑽𝒇 = 𝑽𝒊 +‬‬ ‫❖ حفظ ‪ +‬المعادلت ‪ 1‬و‪ 3‬و‪ 6‬بحلن‬

‫𝒊𝑽‪𝑽𝒇 +‬‬ ‫ً‬
‫̅‬
‫𝑽 )‪2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)مش دائما بس تسارع ثابت(‬
‫ش‬‫يعن أهم ي‬
‫ي‬ ‫أجدع سؤال لحالهم‬
‫ر‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫الباف للرسعة وبسهلن‬
‫ي‬ ‫تحفظهم بس‬
‫𝟏‬ ‫إش مفيد‬
‫عليك الحل كثت والوقت ي‬
‫𝟐𝒕𝒂 ‪3) ∆𝑿 = 𝑽𝒊 𝒕 +‬‬ ‫باإلمتحان ‪.‬‬
‫𝟐‬
‫𝟏‬
‫عوض قيمة الرسعة اإلبتدائية من المعادلة األول بطلع معك 𝟐𝒕𝒂 ‪4) ∆𝑿 = 𝑽𝒇 𝒕 −‬‬
‫𝟐‬
‫𝒊𝑽‪𝑽𝒇 +‬‬
‫( = 𝑿∆ )‪5‬‬ ‫(من موضوع الرسعة الثابتة (‪ )2.5‬عوض المعادلة الثانية) 𝒕 )‬
‫𝟐‬
‫𝑿∆𝒂𝟐 ‪6) 𝑽𝟐𝒇 = 𝑽𝟐𝒊 +‬‬

‫❖ مالحظات وخطوات إفهمهم وطبقهم وركز فيهم بيفرط الدرس كامل ‪:‬‬
‫ش بتحدد معطيات السؤال (الزمن‪ ،‬التسارع‪ ،‬الرسعة النهائية البتدائية وهكذا)‪.‬‬
‫‪ .1‬أول ي‬
‫ش ‪ 3‬معطيات غت‬
‫ش بتحدد عىل أي قانون بدك تحل وكل قانون الزم يكون معك أقل ي‬
‫ثان ي‬
‫‪ .2‬ي‬
‫هيك بتقدرش تحل‪.‬‬
‫حن لو رسمة خطية غت مفهومة بس تركز شو صار مع الجسم‬ ‫‪ .3‬حاول قدر اإلمكان إنك ترسم ر‬
‫وقف لف ورجع تسارع (مثل رسمات اإلزاحة فوق)‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ركز بنص السؤال كويس‪.‬‬
‫❖ الخطوات هاي شامالت لهاذ الدرس ودرس السقوط الحر (الدرس ي‬
‫ال بعده)‪.‬‬

‫𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒛 = 𝒇𝑽 𝒕𝒔𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒕 ‪𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒕, 𝑽𝒊 = 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐 ,‬‬

‫)‪𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒔, 𝒅𝒆𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒊𝒕𝒔 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅, 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒅𝒐𝒘𝒏 → 𝒂 = (−‬‬

‫‪Page 15 of 30‬‬
Ex) a car starts from rest along a straight road with constant acceleration calculate
its acceleration if the car traveled 40 m in 4s.
Sol: 𝑡 = 4𝑠 , ∆𝑋 = 40𝑚 , 𝑉𝑖 = 0
1
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1
40 = 0 + 𝑎𝑡(4)2
2
40
𝑎= = 5 𝑚/𝑠 2
8
Ex) a car travelling with constant acceleration along a straight road how long does
it take the car to increase its speed from 10 to 50 over a distance of 30m?
Sol: 𝑉𝑖 = 10 , 𝑉𝑓 = 50 , ∆𝑋 = 30𝑚
𝑽𝒇 + 𝑽𝒊
∆𝑿 = ( )𝒕
𝟐
50 + 10 30
30 = ( )𝑡 ,𝑡 = = 1𝑠
2 30
Ex) a particle moving with constant acceleration along the x-axis has a velocity of
(15 m/s) when its position (x=25m), if the position of the particle (25s) later is
(X= - 40 m), find the acceleration.
Sol: 𝑋𝑖 = 25𝑚, 𝑋𝑓 = −40𝑚, ∆𝑋 = −40 − 25 = −65𝑚 , 𝑡 = 25𝑠, 𝑉𝑖 = 15𝑚/𝑠
1
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1
−65 = 15(25) + 𝑎(25)2
2
1
𝑎(625) = −440 → 𝒂 = −𝟏. 𝟒𝟏 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
2
ً
‫الطبيع إنه يطلع معك التسارع سالب ألنه الرسعة النهائية عكس الرسعة اإلبتدائية‬
‫ي‬ ‫من‬ ‫طبعا‬ ❖
ً
. ‫ بأسئلة مثل هيك أرسم‬+ ‫إتجاها‬

Page 16 of 30
Ex) a car accelerated from rest to 100 km/h, in 8 s. find the car acceleration.
100×1000𝑚
Sol: 𝑉𝑖 = 0 , 𝑉𝑓 = 100 𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ = = 27.8 𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑡 = 8𝑠
60𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒×60𝑠

𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 :‫ آلية التحويل‬،‫❖ ركز عالوحدات رضاي عليك‬

‫مت؟ الكيلو معناها‬‫مت ول ر‬‫أياه أكت الكيلو ر‬
27.8 = 0 + 𝑎(8) → 𝑎 = 3.47𝑚/𝑠 2
‫ألن بدي أزيد العدد والساعة عبارة‬
‫بضب ي‬
.‫ ثانية‬60 ‫ دقيقة وكل دقيقة‬60 ‫عن‬

Ex) a car travelled along a straight road with initial velocity of (10m/s) and
acceleration of (20 m/s2), what is the distance it travels after 3s?
sol: 𝑉𝑖 = 10𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑎 = 20𝑚⁄𝑠 2 , 𝑡 = 3𝑠
1
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1
∆𝑋 = (10)(3) + (20)(3)2 = 120𝑚
2
Ex) a car travelling on a dry road with a velocity of (16m/s), the car brakes with a
constant acceleration of (5m/s2). How far does it travel before it coming to rest?
Sol: 𝑉𝑖 = 16𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑉𝑓 = 0 , 𝑎 = − 5𝑚⁄𝑠 2

𝑉𝑓2 = 𝑉𝑖2 + 2𝑎∆𝑋

256
(0)2 = (16)2 − 2(5)∆𝑋 → ∆𝑋 = = 25.6𝑚
10
Ex) a particle confined to motion along the x-axis moves with constant acceleration
from (x=2m to x=8m) during 2.5s, the velocity of the particle at x=8m is (2.8m/s).
what is the acceleration of the particle during this time interval?
Sol: 𝑋𝑖 = 2𝑚 , 𝑋𝑓 = 8𝑚 , ∆𝑋 = 8 − 2 = 6𝑚 , 𝑡 = 2.5𝑠 , 𝑉𝑓 = 2.8𝑚⁄𝑠
1
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑓 𝑡 − 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1
6 = (2.8)(2.5) − 𝑎(2.5)2 → 𝑎 = 0.32𝑚/𝑠 2
2

Page 17 of 30
Ex) a particle confined to motion along the x-axis moves with constant acceleration
from (x=2m tox=8m) during 2.5s, the velocity of the particle at x=2m is (2 m/s).
what is the acceleration of the particle during this time interval?
Sol: 𝑋𝑖 = 2𝑚 , 𝑋𝑓 = 8𝑚 , ∆𝑋 = 8 − 2 = 6𝑚 , 𝑡 = 2.5𝑠 , 𝑉𝑖 = 2 𝑚⁄𝑠
1
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1
6 = (2)(2.5) + 𝑎(2.5)2 → 𝑎 = 0.32𝑚/𝑠 2
2

Ex) a car start moving from rest with a constant acceleration for (2 hours). If the
cars average velocity during its trip is (30km/h). what is the car acceleration?
Sol: 𝑉𝑖 = 0 , 𝑡 = 2ℎ , 𝑉̅ = 30𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ
∆𝑋
𝑉̅ =
∆𝑡
∆𝑋 = 30 × 2 = 60𝑘𝑚
1
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
1
60 = (0)(2) + 𝑎(2)2 →→ 𝑎 = 30𝑘𝑚/ℎ2
2
Ex) at a stop light, a truck travelling at (15m/s) passes a car as it starts from rest,
the truck travels at constant velocity and the car accelerates at (3 m/s2), how much
time does the car take to catch up the truck?
Sol:𝑉𝑖 𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 0, 𝑉𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑘 = 15𝑚⁄𝑠 𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑘 = 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜, 𝑎𝑐𝑎𝑟 = 3𝑚⁄𝑠 2 ,
∆𝑋𝑐𝑎𝑟 = ∆𝑋𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑘 ‫❖ بكل بساطة بحكيلك شاحنة ماشية‬
1 ‫برسعة ثابتة قطعت عن سيارة عىل إشارة‬
𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 = 𝑉̅ 𝑡
2 ‫وبنفس اللحظة السيارة تحركت بتسارع‬
1 ‫الفكرة انه السيارة حتا تلحق الشاحنة الزم‬
(0)𝑡 + (3)𝑡 2 = (15)𝑡 → 𝑡 = 10𝑠
2 ‫الثنتي يكونوا قطعوا نفس المسافة من‬ ‫ر‬
.)‫اإلشارة لعند الشاحنة (أرسم‬

Page 18 of 30
Ex) In the Figure, match each (𝑣𝑥 − 𝑡) graph on the top with the (𝑎𝑥 − 𝑡) graph
on the bottom that best describes the motion.
Sol:
(a) with (e)
ً
‫خط إذا‬
‫ي‬ ‫❖ إذا الرسعة ربتيد مع الزمن بشكل‬
.‫التسارع ثابت‬
(b) with (d) (‫خط‬
‫ي‬ ‫)تسارع بشكل‬.
(c) with (f).

Ex) The following equations give the position x(t) of a particle in four situations
(in each equation, x is in meters, t is in seconds, and t > 0):
((1)𝑥 = 3𝑡 − 2 ,(2) 𝑥 = 4𝑡 − 2 ,(3) 6 − 2𝑡 2 ,(4)𝑥 = −2)
(A) In which situation is the velocity v of the particle constant (acceleration zero)?
(B) In which are v in the negative x direction and the acceleration is constant?
Answers:
(A) (1), (2) and (4), Note: (4) has zero velocity which is also constant.
(B) (3) and (4), Note: (4) has zero acceleration which is also constant.

Note:
❖ If the position equation is:
1. First order (𝒕𝟏 ), then (V is constant and )a( is zero).
2. Second order (𝒕𝟐 ), then (V is linear and )a( is constant).
3. Third order (𝒕𝟑 ), then (a is linear)

Page 19 of 30
Ex) A car traveling at a constant speed of (45.0 m/s) passes a trooper on a
motorcycle hidden behind a billboard. One second after the speeding car passes
the billboard, the trooper sets out from the billboard to catch the car, accelerating
at a constant rate of (3.00 m/s2). How long does it take the trooper to overtake the
car?
Sol:
𝑡𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑟 (𝑡) = 𝑡𝑐𝑎𝑟 + 1
∆𝑋𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑟 = ∆𝑋𝑐𝑎𝑟
1
𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 = 𝑉̅ (𝑡 + 1)
2
1
0 + (3)𝑡 2 = (45)𝑡 + 45
2
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 −(−45) ± √452 − 4 × 1.5 × (−45)
𝑡= =
2𝑎 2 × 1.5
𝑡 = 30.9687 𝑠 𝑜𝑟 𝑡 = −0.9687 (𝑓𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑒)
𝒕 = 𝟑𝟏 𝒔

Ex) a wombat moves along an x axis. is the sign of its acceleration if it is moving:
(A) in the positive direction with increasing speed.
(B) in the positive direction with decreasing speed.
(C) in the negative direction with increasing speed.
(D) in the negative direction with decreasing speed.
Answers:
(A) positive (B) negative (C) negative (D) positive

Page 20 of 30
Ex) A car is traveling at 100 km/h. in coming to a stop, it has an acceleration of
(-6.0 m/s2). If the reaction time of the driver is 1.0 s, how far will the car travel
before coming to a rest?
Sol:
Before breaking (because the reaction of the driver).
1
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 , 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑎 = 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜
2
𝑘𝑚 1ℎ 1000 𝑚
∆𝑋1 = 100 ( ) × × × 1𝑠 = 27.8 𝑚
ℎ 3600 𝑠 1 𝑘𝑚
After breaking:
𝑉𝑓2 = 𝑉𝑖2 + 2𝑎∆𝑋
0 = 771.6 − 2 × 6 × ∆𝑋2 → ∆𝑋2 = 64.3 𝑚
∆𝑿𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒍 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟖 + 𝟔𝟒. 𝟑 = 𝟗𝟐 𝒎

Ex) A ball starts from rest and accelerates at (0.5 m/s2) while moving down an
inclined plan (18 m) long. When it reaches the bottom, the ball rolls up another
plane, where, after moving 15.0 m, it comes to a rest.
a) What is the speed of the ball at the bottom of the first plane?
b) how long does it take to roll down the first plane?
c) What is the acceleration along the second plane?
d) What is the speed of the ball (8 m) m along the second plane?
Sol:
a)
𝑉𝑓2 = 𝑉𝑖2 + 2𝑎∆𝑋

𝑉𝑓2 = 0 + 2 × 0.5 × 18

𝑽𝒇 = 𝟑√𝟐 𝒎/𝒔

Page 21 of 30
b)
1
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
18 = 0 + 0.25𝑡 2
𝑡 = 8.5 𝑠
c)
𝒏𝒐𝒕𝒆 𝒕𝒉𝒂𝒕 (𝑽𝒇 )𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒇𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒆 𝒊𝒔 (𝑽𝒊 ) 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒏𝒆

𝑉𝑓2 = 𝑉𝑖2 + 2𝑎∆𝑋

0 = (3√2)2 + 2 × 𝑎 × 15
𝒂 = −𝟎. 𝟔 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
d)
𝑉𝑓2 = 𝑉𝑖2 + 2𝑎∆𝑋

𝑉𝑓2 = 18 − 2 × 0.6 × 8
𝑽𝒇 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟗𝟖𝟑 𝒎/𝒔
Ex) The diagram shown below represents the linear motion of a car. The
acceleration of the car in the last two seconds is (in m/s2):
A) 12 B) – 3 C) 3 D) – 6 E) 6
Sol:
𝑉𝑓 −𝑉𝑖
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑖 + 𝑎𝑡 → 𝑎 =
𝑡
0−12
𝑎= = −6 𝑚/𝑠 2
8−6

Ex) A particle moving with a constant acceleration has a velocity of 20 m/s when
its position is x = 4 m. Its position 8.0 s later is x = 3 m. What is the acceleration
of the particle in (m/s2)?
Sol:
1 1
∆𝑋 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 → 3 − 4 = 20 × 8 + × 𝑎 × 64 → 𝒂 = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟔𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
2 2
Page 22 of 30
‫‪).‬السقوط الحر( ‪2.7 freely falling objects‬‬
‫❖ السقوط الحر‪ :‬القصد فيه إنو الجسم يسقط بسبب الجاذبية وتزيد رسعته بسبب الجاذبية ما يتأثر‬
‫ً‬
‫مثال تكون واقف عىل سطح عمارة وتفلت حجر (تفاحة نيوتن)‪.‬‬ ‫خارج‬
‫ي‬ ‫ش‬‫بأي ي‬

‫𝒀∆ → 𝑿∆‬
‫)‪𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒕𝒐 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 ∆𝒀 𝒊𝒔 (−‬‬
‫𝟐𝒔‪𝒂 = 𝒈 = −𝟏𝟎𝒎/‬‬
‫ً‬
‫❖ تسارع الجاذبية األرضية دائما سالب من هون آلخر المادة‪.‬‬
‫❖ مالحظة‪ :‬بعض الجامعات بتعتمد التسارع ‪ 10‬وبعضها بتعتمدة ‪ 9.8‬فشوف شو جامعتك معتمدة‬
‫وحل عىل إعتمادها‬
‫)𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒐𝒑 𝒔𝒚𝒂𝒘𝒍𝒂 𝒔𝒊 𝒕𝒉𝒈𝒊𝒆𝒉( ‪𝒅𝒓𝒐𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒅, 𝒎𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒉𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕: 𝑽𝒊 = 𝟎 ,‬‬
‫𝒏𝒐𝒘𝒅𝒕 = 𝒑𝒖𝒕‬
‫❖ يف حالة قذف جسم ألعىل وعودته ألسفل بشكل عمودي زمن الصعود =‬
‫التول‪.‬‬
‫ً‬
‫❖ بما إنه التسارع دائما معروف صار بدك بس معطيي لحتا تحل أي سؤال‪.‬‬
‫الماض‪.‬‬
‫ي‬ ‫الماض طبق كأنك بتشتغل عالدرس‬
‫ي‬ ‫❖ بعد هذول المالحظات مع مالحظات الدرس‬

‫‪Ex) Consider the following choices: (a) increases, (b)decreases, (c) increases and‬‬
‫‪then decreases, (d) decreases and then increases, (e) remains the same. From these‬‬
‫‪choices, select what happens to:‬‬
‫‪1) the acceleration of a ball after it is thrown upward into the air.‬‬
‫‪2) the speed of a ball after it is thrown upward into the air.‬‬
‫‪Sol: 1) (e) ,‬‬ ‫)‪2) (d‬‬

‫‪Ex) a stone is thrown vertically upward into the air if ignore the are resistance, the‬‬
‫‪acceleration at the maximum Height is.‬‬
‫‪A) zero‬‬ ‫‪B)10 upward‬‬ ‫‪C) 10 downward‬‬ ‫‪D) 2g down‬‬

‫‪Page 23 of 30‬‬
Ex) A stone thrown from the top of a building is given an initial velocity of
(20.0 m/s) straight upward. The stone is launched (50.0m) above the ground, and
the stone just misses the edge of the roof on its way down as shown in Figure.
, 𝑎 = − 10𝑚⁄𝑠 2
𝑉𝑖 = 20𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 50𝑚 .
A) determine the time at which the stone reaches
its maximum height.
sol: 𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑥: 𝑉 = 0
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑖 − 𝑔𝑡
0 = 20 − (10)𝑡 →→ 𝑡 = 2𝑠
B) Find the maximum height of the stone with
respect to the building.
Sol:
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
𝑌𝑓 − 0 = 20 × 2 − 5 × 4
𝑌𝑓 = 20 𝑚
C) Find the maximum height of the stone with respect to the ground.
Sol:
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2 ‫❖ إذا ما حكالك بالنسبة لسطح أو‬
2 ‫السؤال كان بشكل عام ما حددلك‬
𝑌𝑓 − 50 = 20 × 2 − 5 × 4 .(C) ‫بتحل مثل الفرع‬
𝑌𝑓 = 70 𝑚

Page 24 of 30
‫‪D) Determine the velocity of the stone when it returns to the height from which it‬‬
‫‪was thrown.‬‬
‫‪Sol: 𝑡 = 4𝑠 , ∆𝑦 = 0‬‬
‫ً‬
‫ثانيتي رجع لنفس النقطة‬
‫ر‬ ‫شغلتي بالصعود أخذت‬
‫ر‬ ‫اىل فالبداية بقدر أعرف‬
‫ي‬ ‫المالحظات‬ ‫من‬ ‫طبعا‬ ‫❖‬
‫ً‬
‫ثوان وكمان نظرا إنه رجع لنفس النقطة إذن إزاحته صفر‪.‬‬
‫ثانيتي إذن الزمن كامل =‪ 4‬ي‬
‫ر‬ ‫برضه‬
‫𝑡‪𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑖 − 10‬‬
‫𝑠‪𝑉𝑓 = 0 − 10(2) = −20𝑚/‬‬
‫𝒔‪𝒐𝒓 → 𝑽𝒇 = 𝟐𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟒 = −𝟐𝟎𝒎/‬‬
‫ثانيتي ‪.‬‬
‫ر‬ ‫❖ الحل األول أخذت من عند أعىل إرتفاع الرسعة صفر لعند النقطة ي‬
‫اىل أنا بدي إياها‬
‫‪E) Find the velocity and position of the stone at t = 5.00 s.‬‬
‫‪Sol:‬‬ ‫❖ ركز عىل اإلشارات هللا‬
‫𝑡𝑔 ‪𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑖 −‬‬ ‫يرض عليك‪.‬‬

‫𝑠‪𝑉𝑓 = 20 − 10 × 5 = −30𝑚/‬‬

‫𝑌∆𝑔‪𝑉𝑓2 = 𝑉𝑖2 + 2‬‬

‫𝑚‪900 = 400 + 20∆𝑌 → ∆𝑌 = −25‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫𝑚‪𝑜𝑟 ∶ ∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑓 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2 → ∆𝑌 = −30 × 5 − (−5)(25) = −25‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪𝑜𝑟: ∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫𝑚 ‪∆𝑌 = 20 × 5 − 5 × 25 = −25‬‬
‫?‪F) what is the total distance travelled‬‬
‫‪Sol:‬‬
‫𝒎 𝟎𝟗 =↓ 𝟎𝟓‪𝒅 = 𝟐𝟎 ↑ +𝟐𝟎 ↓ +‬‬

‫‪Page 25 of 30‬‬
Ex) a stone is thrown vertically up from the top of a building with (20m/s), if the
stone reaches the ground 6 second later. How much Height the building?
Sol: 𝑉𝑖 = 20𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑡 = 6𝑠
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
0 − ℎ = 20 × 6 − 5 × 36 → −ℎ = −60 → ℎ = 60𝑚

Ex) an object is thrown straight up from the ground level with a speed of (50m/s),
what is the distance above the ground 1s later?
Sol: 𝑉𝑖 = 50 𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑡 = 1𝑠
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2 →→ ∆𝑌 = 50 × 1 − 5 = 45𝑚
2

Ex) a rock is thrown up with an initial velocity of (20m/s), what is the maximum
Height?
Sol: 𝑉𝑖 = 20 𝑚⁄𝑠 , 𝑉𝑓 = 0

𝑉𝑓2 = 𝑉𝑖2 + 2𝑔∆𝑌

0 = 400 − 20∆𝑌 → ∆𝑌 = 20𝑚
Ex) a ball falls freely, what is the distance traveled in 3s?
sol: 𝑉𝑖 = 0 , 𝑡 = 3𝑠
1 2
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡
2
∆𝑌 = 0 − 5 × 9 = −45 𝑚
𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟒𝟓𝒎

Page 26 of 30
Ex) Two stones are dropped from the edge of a 60-m cliff, the second stone 2.0 s
after the first. How far below the top of the cliff is the second stone when the
separation between the two stones is 40 m? Select one:
(a) 5.0 m (b) 3.0 m (c) 10.0 m (d) 45.0 m
Sol:
Let:
𝑡1 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒.
𝑡2 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒.
𝒕𝟐 = 𝒕𝟏 − 𝟐 ⋯ (𝟏)
∆𝒀𝟏 − ∆𝒀𝟐 = −𝟒𝟎 𝒎 ⋯ (𝟐)
stone 1 stone 2
𝟏 𝟏
∆𝒀𝟏 = 𝑽𝒊 𝒕𝟏 + 𝒈𝒕𝟏 𝟐 ∆𝒀𝟐 = 𝑽𝒊 (𝒕𝟏 − 𝟐) + 𝒈(𝒕𝟏 − 𝟐)𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
∆𝑌1 = 0 − 5𝑡1 = −5𝑡12
2
∆𝑌2 = −5(𝑡1 − 2)2

∆𝒀𝟏 − ∆𝒀𝟐 = −5𝑡12 + 5(𝑡1 − 2)2

−40 = 5(−𝑡12 + (𝑡1 − 2)2 )
𝑡1 = 3 𝑠 → 𝑡2 = 1 𝑠
∆𝑌2 = −5 × 1 = 5 𝑚

Page 27 of 30
Ex) A heavy ball is dropped into a lake from a height of 30.0 m above the water.
It hits the water with a certain velocity and to sink at this same velocity. It reaches
the bottom of the lake 10.0 s after it was dropped how deep is the lake?
Sol:
From the height to the surface of the lake:
𝑉𝑓2 = 𝑉𝑖2 + 2𝑔∆𝑌

𝑉𝑓2 = 0 − 2 × (10) × (−30) = 600

𝑉𝑓 = −24.495 𝑚/𝑠
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑖 − 𝑔𝑡
−𝟐𝟒. 𝟒𝟗𝟓 = −𝟏𝟎𝒕 → 𝒕 = 𝟐. 𝟓

From the surface of the lake to the bottom:

1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 , 𝒃𝒖𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 → 𝒂 = 𝒛𝒆𝒓𝒐
2
∆𝑌 = −24.495 × (10 − 7.5) = −183.7 𝑚
𝒅𝒆𝒆𝒑 = 𝟏𝟖𝟑. 𝟕 𝒎

Page 28 of 30
Ex) Two arrows are shot vertically upward. The arrow is shot after the first one,
but while the first is still on its way up. The initial speeds are such that both arrows
reach their maximum heights at the same instant, although heights are different.
Suppose that the initial speed of the first arrow is 25.0 m/s and that the second
arrow is 1.20 s after the first. Determine the initial speed of the second arrow?
Sol:
𝑡1 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑤.
𝑡2 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑤.
𝒕𝟐 = 𝒕𝟏 − 𝟏. 𝟐 ⋯ (𝟏)
Arrow 1 Arrow 2
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑖 + 𝑔𝑡
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑖 + 𝑔𝑡
𝑎𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑥 → 0 = 25 − 10𝑡
0 = 𝑉𝑖 − 10 × 1.3 = 13 𝑚/𝑠
𝑡 = 2.5 𝑠
𝒕𝟐 = 𝒕𝟏 − 𝟏. 𝟐 ⋯ (𝟏)
𝑡2 = 2.5 − 1.2 = 1.3 𝑠

Ex) An object is dropped from a height of 120 m. Find the distance it fell during
its final second in the air.
Sol:
For all the height:
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2
2
−120 = 0 − 5𝑡 2 → 𝑡 = 5 𝑠
Before the final second:
𝑡 = 5−1= 4𝑠
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑖 − 𝑔𝑡 → 𝑽𝒇 = 𝟎 − 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟒 = −𝟒𝟎 𝒎/𝒔
During the final second:
1
∆𝑌 = 𝑉𝑖 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡 2 → ∆𝒀 = (−𝟒𝟎 × 𝟏) − (𝟓 × 𝟏) = −𝟒𝟓 𝒎
2
Page 29 of 30
 ‫ر‬
‫ بالتوفيق للجميع يا رب‬2 ‫شابت‬ ‫❖ وهيك بكون خلص‬
‫❖ إذا يف أي مالحظات تواصلوا ي‬
. ‫مع‬
‫ر‬
.‫استطاعت إن شاء هللا‬ ‫❖ قروب الفيس بوك بساعدك فيه عىل قدر‬
‫ي‬

❖ Facebook group, copy the link:

https://web.facebook.com/groups/616083302254126/?ref=gs&f
ref=gs&dti=1043265349387755&hc_location=group

:‫❖ للتدريس الخاص‬

❖ Facebook: Mohammad Y Rawashdeh
❖ph. Number: 0797973884

Page 30 of 30