CHEVAL BLANC BALI CONCRETE

Revision A

CHEVAL BLANC BALI

CONCRETE SPECIFICATION
DOCUMENT REGISTER
AUTHOR DIRECTOR
STATUS ISSUE DATE
(ENGINEER) (REVIEW)
ADIA A. RINAYA MVE FOR CONSTRUCTION REV.A 18 NOV’16

Document ref:
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TTW PROJECT NUMBER: 158048

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CHEVAL BLANC BALI CONCRETE
Revision A

PART 5 - CONCRETE

CONTENTS

SECTION 03000 CONCRETE SPECIFICATION

1 GENERAL

2 QUALITY CONTROL

3 TESTING AND ASSESSMENT

4 FORMWORK

5 CONCRETE MATERIALS

6 REINFORCEMENT

7 PLACING

8 CURING AND PROTECTION

9 PRESTRESSING

10 EMBEDMENTS, CORES AND FIXINGS

11 UNDERLAYS, MEMBRANES

12 JOINTS

13 INTEGRAL FINISHES

14 BLOCKWORK CORE FILLING

15 PNEUMATICALLY PLACED CONCRETE (SHOTCRETE)

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1 GENERAL

01 SECTION CONTENT
Cross reference: Refer to the General building requirements section for general technical
requirements.

Specified in this section: Concrete work generally including formwork, reinforcement,

joints, underlays, membranes and integral finishes.

Specified in other sections Groundworks: Subgrades for slabs on ground

Masonry: Concrete masonry
Roadworks: Concrete road pavements, hardstanding,
foot paths, kerbs and gutters.

02 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Standard: Construct the concrete work in a safe manner using materials and methods
complying with the relevant requirements of SNI 2847-2013 (Indonesian Concrete Code) and
ACI-301 (Specifications for Structural Concrete) which form an integral part of this
specification.

03 INSPECTION
Notice: Give a minimum of 1 working days notice so that inspection may be made of the
following:

- Subgrade prior to covering.

- Membrane installed on the base.
- Reinforcement fixed in place.
- Cores and embedments fixed in place.
- Completed formwork prior to concrete placing.
- Placing of concrete.

04 ADJOINING ELEMENTS
Requirement: Obtain the requirements for adjoining elements to be fixed to or supported on
the concrete and provide for the required fixings. Where applicable provide for temporary
support of the adjoining elements during construction of the concrete.

2 QUALITY CONTROL

01 FORMWORK DOCUMENTATION
Requirement: Submit formwork documentation together with details of proposed form
linings, form coatings, release agents and, where applicable, reuse of formwork.

Submit for approval formwork plans of all floors drawn at a 1:100 scale and showing all
structural element sizes and locations and all penetration sizes and locations.

02 CONSTRUCTION PROPOSALS
Requirement: Submit for approval proposals for mixing, placing, finishing and curing
concrete including the following:

- Sources of materials.
- Ready mixed concrete supplier.
- Site storage, mixing and transport methods and equipment, if applicable.
- Alternative source of supply in the event of breakdown of ready mixed or site mixed
supply.
- Handling, placing, compaction and finishing methods and equipment.
- Proposed construction joint locations
- Temperature control methods.
- Curing and protection methods.
- Target strength, slump and proposed mix for each type and grade of concrete.

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Curing compounds: If it is proposed to use a liquid membrane-forming curing compound

submit the following information:

- Certified test results for water retention to ASTM C309-80 Type 1.

- Evidence that an acceptable final surface colour will be obtained.
- Evidence of compatibility with applied finishes, if any.
- Methods of obtaining the required adhesion for toppings, render and the like.

03 REINFORCEMENT FABRICATION
Bending schedules: Submit marking plans and schedules showing location, shape, size
and grade of all reinforcement. Do not heat reinforcement for bending.

Changes: Obtain approval for changes, if any, in the reinforcement shown on the drawings,
including additional splicing.

07 WORKSHOP DRAWINGS - GENERAL

Where shop drawings are required by this Contract to be supplied by the Contractor, such
shop drawings shall include drawings, diagrams, illustration, schedules, performance charts,
brochures and other data prepared by the sub-Contractor, manufacturer, supplier or
distributor illustrating some portion of the work.

The Employer’s Representative will review shop drawings with reasonable promptness but
only for conformity with the design concept of the project and the information given in the
contract Documents. The Employer’s Representatives permission to use a separate item
will not indicate permission to use any assembly in which the item functions.

Number of copies: For each drawing, supply free of charge not less than three copies in the
form of prints on paper, or one copy in the form of a reproducible transparency.

Shop drawings shall be thoroughly checked by the Contractor for completeness and for
compliance with the Contract Documents before submitting them to the Employer’s
Representative and shall bear the Contractor’s stamp of approval certifying that they have
been checked. Shop drawings submitted without this stamp of approval and certification,
and shop drawings which, in the Employer’s Representative’s opinion are incomplete,
contain numerous errors or have not been checked or only checked superficially, will be
returned unchecked by the Employer’s Representative for resubmission.

The drawings shall show, in standard Engineering drawing manner, clear and complete
details of each assembly, component and connection of the work, together with all
information, including surface treatment and erection.

In checking shop drawings the Contractor shall verify dimensions and site conditions and
shall check and co-ordinate the shop drawings of any section or trade with the requirements
of other sections or trades whose work is related thereto, as required for proper and
complete installation of the work. Corrections required by the Employer’s Representative
shall be made and the shop drawings resubmitted until permission is given for their use.

The Engineer’s drawings shall be read in conjunction with the Architects drawings and all
other relevant drawings and provision made for fixings noted therein.

Drawings will not be checked dimensionally for correctness of holes and cleats to suit other
building trades. Drawings rejected by the Employer’s Representative shall be corrected and
re-submitted before fabrication and shall not constitute a claim for extension of time.

Shop drawings shall be submitted suitably identified and in orderly sequence to cause no
delay to the works. Drawings submitted shall correspond to the size of the contract drawings
where practicable.

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Time required for examination: The Contractor shall provide the programme for shop
detailing including the number of drawings in each issue making allowance for the
examination time required by the Employer’s Representative. Minimum time required: 10
working days.

Fabrication: Do not commence fabrication until permission to use the relevant shop
drawings has been obtained.

Work-as-executed drawings Required for all work shop drawings

3 TESTING AND ASSESSMENT

01 TESTING GENERALLY
Testing authority: Carry out testing and assessment of concrete and concrete materials
using an approved independent testing authority.

Concrete compressive strength: Cylinder samples for strength tests of each class of
concrete placed each day shall be taken not less than once a day, nor less than once for
each 150 m3 of concrete, nor less than once for each 500 m 2 of surface area for slabs and
walls. A sample shall consist of not less than 3 cylinders, of which at least 2 shall be tested
at 28 days.

Slump: Test not less than one sample from each batch before placing concrete from that
batch in the work. Take the samples at the point of discharge on site.

Test records: For each required test maintain the records and reports of test results
required by PPBBI-71. Submit a copy of each test report.

4 FORMWORK

01 FORMWORK GENERALLY
Requirement: Design and construct formwork so that the concrete, when cast in the forms,
will have the dimensions, shape, profile, location and surface finish required by the contract.
Make provision for dimensional changes, deflections and cambers resulting from the applied
loads, temperature changes and concrete shrinkage and creep.

Standard: To ACI-347.

Openings: In vertical forms provide form openings or removable panels where necessary for
inspection and cleaning.

Cleaning: Remove free water, dust, debris, stains and the like from the forms and the formed
space prior to placing concrete.

Stripping of formwork: To ACI-318.

Release agent: Before placing reinforcement, apply a release agent compatible with the
contact surfaces, to the interior of the formwork, except where the concrete is to receive an
applied finish for which there is no compatible release agent. Where necessary clean the
reinforcement to remove all traces of release agent.

Responsibility: The contractor is responsible for the sufficiency of the formwork.

Defective formwork: If formwork fails to meet the requirements of the contract, any
concrete which has been cast in it may be rejected. In that case, remove the rejected
concrete, form construction joints, reconstruct the formwork and recast the concrete.

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Permanent loading: Do not place permanent loads, including masonry walls, on the
concrete structure while it is still supported by formwork.

02 DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES
Variations from the plumb
In the lines and surfaces of columns and walls,
In any 3 m of length ……………… 6 mm.
Maximum for entire length ………. 25 mm.

For exposed corner columns, control-joint grooves, and other conspicuous lines
In any 6 m of length ……………… 6 mm.
Maximum for entire length ………. 12 mm.

Variation from the level or from the grades indicated on the drawings
In slab soffits, and beam soffits
In any 3 m of length ………………………. 6 mm.
In any bay or in any 6 m of length ………. 10 mm.
Maximum for entire length …………………18 mm.

Variations of distance between walls, columns, and beams

6 mm per 3 m of distance, but not more than 12 mm in any one bay, and not more than
25 mm total variation.

Variation of linear building lines from established position in plan ……… 25 mm

Variation in the sizes and locations of sleeves, floor openings and wall openings
Minus ………. 6 mm.
Plus ………… 12 mm.

Variation in cross-sectional dimensions of columns and beams and in the thickness

of slabs and walls
Minus ………. 6 mm.
Plus ………… 12 mm.

Variation in steps
In a flight of stairs
Rise ………. 3 mm.
Tread …….. 6 mm.

In consecutive steps
Rise ………. 1.5 mm.
Tread ……... 3 mm.

03 FORM TIE BOLTS

Removable bolts: Remove the bolts without causing damage to the concrete.

Cover: Position formwork tie bolts left in the concrete so that the tie does not project into the
concrete cover.

Bolt hole filling

Recessed filling: Fill or plug the hole to 6 mm below the surface. Use material matching the
surface colour.

Flush filling: Use material matching the surface colour.

04 LOST FORMWORK
Requirement: Use permanent or lost formwork, if required, which does not contain
chlorides, and which will not impair the structural performance of the concrete members.

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5 CONCRETE MATERIALS

01 CONCRETE MATERIALS GENERALLY

Standard: To PPBBI-71.

Bagged cement: Do not use bagged cement more than 6 months old.

02 READY MIXED SUPPLY

Deliver in agitating trucks.

Do not add water after batching.

Plastic cracking: Design the concrete mix to minimize plastic settlement and shrinkage
cracking.

Elapsed delivery time: Concrete is liable to be rejected if the elapsed time between the
wetting of the mix and the discharge of the mix at the site exceeds the criteria in the Elapsed
delivery time table.

Elapsed delivery time table

Concrete temperature at time of Maximum elapsed time (hours)
discharge (oC)
Less than 24 2.00
24 - 27 1.50
27 - 30 1.00
More than 30 0.75

Delivery docket: For each batch, supply a docket listing the following information:

- The concrete element or part of the works for which the concrete was ordered.

03 EPOXY GROUT
Material: An approved commercial epoxy formulation of high compressive strength.

6 REINFORCEMENT

01 REINFORCEMENT GENERALLY
Standard: To PPBBI-71.
Splicing: To PPBBI-71.
Concrete cover: As noted on the drawings.

Requirement: Supply and fix reinforcement, including the necessary tie wires, support
chairs and spacers.

Reinforcement schedule
Structural element Reinforcement type Coating Support type
Surfaces exposed to Refer to drawings NIL Plastic
the weather
Surfaces not exposed Refer to drawings NIL Plastic or Metal
to the weather

Identification: Ensure that reinforcement is readily identifiable as to grade and origin.

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Certificate of compliance:

1. Where samples are taken from bundles as delivered from the mill, with the bundles
identified as to heat number, and provided mill analyses accompany the report, then one
tensile test and one bend test will be made from a specimen of each ten tons or fraction
thereof of each size of reinforcement steel.

2. Where positive identification of the heat number can not be made, or where random
samples are taken, then one series of tests will be made from each 2-1/2 tons or fraction
thereof of each size of reinforcement steel.

Welding of reinforcement: Not allowed.

02 FIXING REINFORCEMENT
Fixing requirements: Secure the reinforcement against displacement by tying at
intersections with annealed iron wire ties not smaller than 1.25 mm diameter, or by approved
clips. Bend the ends of wire ties away from nearby faces of forms so that the ties do not
project into the concrete cover.

Mats: For bar reinforcement in the form of a mat, secure each bar at alternate intersections,
and at other points as required.

Beams: Tie ligatures to bars in each corner of each ligature. Fix other longitudinal bars to
ligatures at not more than 1000 mm intervals.

Columns: Secure longitudinal column reinforcement to all ligatures at every intersection.

Tolerance on position of reinforcement and tendons

The deviation from the specified position of reinforcement and tendons shall not exceed the
following:

(a) For positions controlled by cover-

1. In beams, slabs, columns and walls -5, +10 mm.

2. In slabs-on ground -10, +20 mm.
3. In footing cast in the ground -20, +40 mm.

where a positive value indicates the amount the cover may increase and a negative value
indicates the amount the cover may decrease.

(b) For positions not controlled by cover, namely-

1. The location of tendons on a profile 5 mm.

2. The position of the ends of reinforcement 50 mm.
3. The spacing of bars in walls and slabs and of fitments in beams and columns-10% of
the specified spacing or 15 mm, whichever is greater.

03 REINFORCEMENT SUPPORTS
Support types: Use purpose-made metal or plastic supports.
Supports over membranes: Prevent damage to waterproofing membranes or vapour
barriers. Place a metal or plastic plate under each support to prevent puncturing.
Support spacing: Not more than 60 diameters for bars and 750 mm for fabric.

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7 PLACING

01 PLACING AND COMPACTION

Standard: To PPBBI-71.

Placing: Use placing methods which minimise plastic settlement and shrinkage cracking.

Horizontal movement: Movement may be by means of suitable conveyors, clean chutes,

troughs or pipes. Do not use water to facilitate the movement.

Vertical movement: In vertical elements, limit the free fall of concrete to 1500 mm per
100 mm element thickness, up to a maximum free fall of 3000 mm, by means such as
enclosed chutes or access hatches in forms. As far as practicable keep chutes vertical and
full of concrete during placement, with ends immersed in the placed concrete.

Layers: Place concrete in layers such that each succeeding layer is blended into the
preceding one by the compaction process.

Rain: Concrete exposed to rain before it has set, including during mixing, transport or
placing, shall be liable to rejection.

Sequence of pours: Minimise shrinkage effect by pouring the sections of the work between
approved construction joints in a sequence such that there will be suitable time delays
between adjacent pours.

Approval: Submit a proposed sequence and times for approval.

Minimum time delay schedule

Between (pour locations) Minimum period between adjacent
pours (days)
Adjacent pours abutting 1
horizontal construction joints in
walls or columns

Compaction: Use immersion and screed vibrators accompanied by hand methods as

appropriate to remove air bubbles and compact the mix. Provide not less than one reserve
vibrator in working order. Use form vibrators where use of immersed vibrators is
impracticable. Ensure concrete is fully compacted and entrapped air removed, but avoid over
vibration that may cause segregation. Do not allow vibrators to come into contact with
partially hardened concrete, or reinforcement embedded in it. Do not use vibrators to move
concrete along the forms.

Placing records: Keep on site and make available for inspection a log book recording each
placement of concrete, including the following:

- Date.
- The portion of work.
- Specified grade and source of concrete.
- Slump measurements.
- Volume placed.

02 HOT WEATHER PLACING

Requirement: The provisions of this clause apply to concreting when the surrounding shade
outdoor temperature is greater than 32oC.

Mixing: Do not mix concrete when the outdoor shade temperature on the site exceeds
38oC, unless otherwise approved and then only subject to such conditions as may be
imposed.

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Handling: Take precautions to prevent premature stiffening of the fresh mix and to reduce
water absorption and evaporation losses. Mix, transport, place and compact the concrete as
rapidly as possible.

Placing: Before and during placing maintain the formwork and reinforcement at a
temperature not greater than 32oC by protection, cold water spraying, or other effective
means. When placed in the forms, the temperature of the concrete shall not exceed the
criteria in the Hot weather placing table.

Hot weather placing table

Concrete element Temperature limit
Normal concrete in footings,
beams, columns, walls and slabs 35oC
Concrete in large mass concrete sections;
or concrete of strength K450 or greater,
in sections exceeding 600 mm in thickness 27oC

Temperature control methods: Acceptable methods of maintaining the specified

temperature of the placed concrete include

- using chilled mixing water;

- spraying the coarse aggregate with cold water;
- covering the container in which the concrete is transported to the forms;
- cooling the concrete by liquid nitrogen injection prior to placing; and
- a combination of these methods.

8 CURING AND PROTECTION

01 CURING
Standard: To PPBBI-71

Generally: Protect fresh concrete from premature drying and from excessively hot or cold
temperatures. Maintain the concrete at a reasonably constant temperature with minimum
moisture loss for the curing period.

Curing period (from time of placing): Commence curing immediately after finishing, and
cure continuously until the cumulative number of days or fractions thereof, not necessarily
consecutive, during which the air temperature in contact with the concrete is above 10oC,
totals not less than the following:

- For surfaces not exposed to weather 3 days.

- For surfaces exposed to weather 7 days.

Curing methods: Acceptable methods of curing include the following:

- Ponding or continuous sprinkling with water (moist curing).

- An impermeable membrane.
- An absorptive cover kept continuously wet.
- Steam curing.
- An approved curing compound.

Curing methods, roof slabs : Acceptable methods of curing include the following:

- Ponding or continuous sprinkling with water (moist curing).

Curing compounds: To ASTM C309-80. Do not use any curing compounds on surfaces
forming substrates to concrete toppings, cement-based render and the like.

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Application: Provide a continuous flexible coating without visible breaks or pinholes which
remains unbroken for not less than seven days after application.

Hot weather curing: Cure concrete placed as specified in Hot weather placing by one of the
methods (but not curing compounds) specified in this clause under Curing methods.
Immediately after placement cover the concrete with an impervious membrane, or hessian
kept wet, until curing begins. As an alternative to immediate covering, where the temperature
exceeds 25oC or where not protected against drying winds, protect the concrete with a fog
spray application of aliphatic alcohol evaporation retardant.

Visually important surfaces: Produce uniform colour on adjacent surfaces by uniform

curing methods.

02 PROTECTION
Loading: Obtain approval before loading the concrete structure. Protect the concrete from
damage due to load overstresses, heavy shocks and excessive vibrations, particularly during
the curing period. Do not place construction loads on self-supporting structures which will
overstress them. Provide calculations to justify the adequacy of the structure to sustain any
construction loads.

Surface protection: Protect finished concrete surfaces from damage from any cause,
including mortar splashes and stains, timber stains, rust stains, chemical attack, additives,
curing compounds, protective coatings, rain and running water.

9 PRESTRESSING

01 PRESTRESSING
Standard: To PBI-71.

Requirement: Supply and install prestressing tendons including the necessary anchorages,
ducts, supports, grout and anchorage protection.

Certificate of compliance: Obtain from the manufacturer and furnish a certificate of

compliance with the relevant Australian standard for each delivery of prestressing steel and
each delivery of anchorage components.

Sheathing: Where ducts are formed with sheaths, provide sheathing material strong enough
to transfer the tendon stresses into the body of the concrete.

Stiffening: Where tendons are to be installed after concreting, provide temporary stiffening
within the sheath such that the duct shape and profile are maintained during concreting.
After concreting remove the temporary stiffening and prove the duct with a suitable gauge
before installing the tendon.

Unbonded tendons: Provide sheathing for any length of tendon required to be unbonded,
such that the tendon is permanently protected from corrosion. Use steel sheathing which is
galvanized or lead coated.

Stressing: Do not commence stressing until the concrete has attained the required transfer
strength. Obtain approval before commencing initial or incremental stressing.

Cutting tendons: Do not cut tendons without written approval from the structural Engineer.

Protection of tendons and anchorages: On completion of stressing and grouting,

permanently protect all anchorage parts and parts of tendons anchored thereto. Provide the
cover as specified on drawings for its environment classification but not less than 50 mm of
cover over the cut tendons when the recesses are concreted.

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Strand Certificates: Provide strand data sheets for Engineer to review prior to purchasing
strand and strand certificates shall provided to the Engineer prior to commencing the
prestressing work.

02 PRESTRESSING EQUIPMENT
Gauges: To AS 1349.

Maximum error in pressure indication: 1% of the maximum scale value. 2% may be

permitted by the Superintendent on application.

Calibration of gauges and dynamometers: Carry out calibration at intervals not exceeding
6 months and more frequently if required by the Superintendent.

Prestressing jacks: Calibrate and measure friction losses at least once a year, or after re-
sealing.

03 PRESTRESSING RECORDS
Requirement: Record and furnish the following data:

- Concrete mix and quality.

- Details of placing and curing including dates.
- Details of placing of reinforcement and prestressing tendons.
- Date of prestressing operation.
- Name of operator.
- Type and identification numbers of equipment used.
- Piston areas.
- Identification of tendons.
- Stressing method (single or double end, monostrand or multistrand).
- Calculated tendon extension at each stressing stage.
- Initial force or pressure where tendons are marked for measurement of elongations.
- Final force or pressure and elongation on completion of tensioning.
- Elongation remaining after release of jacks.
- Tendon breakage.
- Ramming pressure, if applicable.

04 GROUTING DUCTS
Method: Do not use manually powered grouting machines. Pressure test the ducts at the
grout pressure with water before grouting, and rectify leaks. Remove water from ducts with
oil-free compressed air. Prevent damage to grout vents and fittings during grouting.

Grout openings: Provide grout openings, vents and drains as necessary. Completely fill the
duct during grouting. Remove protruding vents and drains after the grout has set and make
good to match the adjacent surfaces.

Grout pressure: Seal the duct on completion of grouting at a pressure of not less than
210 kPa. Fit pressure tap connections to each duct for this purpose.

Grouting records: For each duct grouted, keep, and furnish to the Superintendent, a record
identifying the duct and tendons, giving the stressing and grouting dates, and showing the
composition of the grout (water:cement ratio, admixtures), grout tests, and details of grouting
(including interruptions, topping up).

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10 EMBEDMENTS, CORES AND FIXINGS

01 FIXINGS AND EMBEDDED ITEMS

Standard: To PPBBI-71.

Shop drawings: If the locations of embedded items are not shown on the drawings, or are
shown diagrammatically, or if it is proposed to vary the locations shown, submit for review
shop drawings showing the proposed locations, clearances, cover, bleed holes and the like.

Structural integrity: In locating embedded items, do not cut or displace reinforcement, or

cut hardened concrete, unless prior approval has been obtained.

Tolerances on placement: Maximum deviations from correct positions:

- Embedded items generally: ± 10 mm.

- Fixings, anchor bolts and the like: ± 3 mm.

Pressure pipes: Where embedded pipes will contain liquid or vapour at a pressure of more
than 10 kPa, before embedment test for leaks and furnish the test results to the Employer’s
Representative.

02 PROTECTION OF FIXINGS
Requirement: For all embedded and inserted ferrous fixings (other than stainless steel)
provide galvanized surface coating passivated by dipping in 0.2% sodium dichromate
solution.

03 INSERTED FIXINGS
Limitation: Use fixings inserted by drilling (including masonry anchors), or by explosive
tools, only if specified or approved.

11 UNDERLAYS, MEMBRANES

01 CONCRETE WORKING BASE

Material: Unless noted otherwise on the drawings, K100 concrete. Lay over the base or
subgrade and screed to the required level.

Thickness: Minimum 50 mm.

Finish: Where required to support a membrane, wood float finish or equivalent.

Surface tolerance: ± 5 mm from the correct plane, ± 5 mm from a 2 m straight edge.

02 VAPOUR BARRIER
Material: 0.2mm minimum thickness impact resistant polyethylene film.

Base preparation: According to base type, as follows:

- Subgrade or subbase: Blind with sufficient sand to create a smooth surface free from
hard projections. Wet the sand just before laying the underlay.
- Concrete working base: Remove loose material and any projections above the plane
surface.

Installation: Lay over the base. Lap joints not less than 200 mm. Face the laps away from
the direction of concrete pour. Seal laps with adhesive tape not inferior to double sided butyl
adhesive tape. Similarly seal around unavoidable penetrations such as service pipes.
Arrange to have vertical laps only on vertical or inclined surfaces. Patch or seal any
punctures or tears before pouring concrete.

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03 MEMBRANE SYSTEMS
Sheet membranes
Bituminous multilayer systems: To the relevant requirements of AS CA55.

Single layer systems: Sheets fixed and lapped with appropriate adhesive or heat welded by
gas torch ("torch on").

Seamless membranes: Membranes applied in liquid or gel form and air cured to form a
seamless film.

Substrates for membranes: Apply the membrane to dry, smooth, firm, continuous
surfaces, clean and free from loose or foreign matter. Provide coving or fillets on internal
corners. Round or arris external corners and edges.

Membrane protection: Protect the membrane after installation with a permanent protective
boarding. Use a low melt bitumen or suitable solvent-free adhesive to adhere the protection
boards to the membrane with maximum 6 mm gap at joints in the boards.

12 JOINTS

01 CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
Location: Do not relocate or eliminate a construction joint, or make a construction joint not
shown on the drawings, without prior approval. This includes emergency construction joints
made necessary by unforeseen interruptions to the concrete pour.

Joint preparation: Before fresh concrete is placed at a construction joint, roughen and
clean the hardened concrete surface of the joint, so that all loose or soft material, free water,
foreign matter and laitance is removed. Just prior to placement, dampen the hardened
concrete surface, without leaving free water.

Finish at construction joints: Butt join the surfaces of adjoining pours. In visually important
surfaces make the joint straight and true, and free from impermissible blemishes relevant to
its surface finish class.

Watertight Construction Joints: All watertight construction joints shall contain an approved
bentonite type waterstop installed to the manufacturer’s instructions. First-cast faces to be
clean and straight to allow such waterstop to be properly applied.

02 JOINTING MATERIALS
Types: Use jointing materials, including sealants, mastics, primers, gaskets, compressible
fillers, and joint covers, as recommended by the material manufacturers for the location and
type of joint, compatible when used together, and non-staining to concrete in visible
locations.

Foamed materials (in compressible fillers): Closed-cell or impregnated types which do

not absorb water.

Bond breaking: Use back-up materials for sealants, including backing rods, which do not
adhere to the sealant. They may be faced with a non-adhering material.

03 JOINT DOWELS
Requirement: Provide galvanized steel reinforcing rod dowels in expansion and contraction
joints, where required. Embed each dowel normal to the plane of the joint, so that half the
dowel lies on each side of the joint. Heavily grease or bitumen coat one half and fit an
expansion cap to that end.

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04 JOINT FILLING
Preparation: Where joints are to be filled with jointing materials, including sealants, bond
breakers, backing rods and preformed strips, dry and clean the joint surfaces before
application, and prime if and as recommended by the joint material manufacturer.

Watertightness: Apply the jointing materials so that joints subject to ingress of water are
made watertight where required.

Finish: Finish visible jointing materials neatly flush with the adjoining surfaces.

13 INTEGRAL FINISHES

01 FLATNESS TOLERANCES FOR FLOOR SLABS

Slabs - interior and exterior

1. Finish slabs monolithically. Uniformly slope floor slabs to provide positive draining of
indicated areas. Special care shall be taken that a smooth, even joint is obtained
between successive pours. Do not use dry cement, sand, or mixture of cement and
sand to “dry” concrete.
2. Tolerance for concrete slabs which will be exposed and slabs to receive carpet shall be
6.0 mm in 3 m with maximum high and low variance not occurring in less than 6 m.
Surfaces shall not be undulating such as to impair their use.
3. Tolerance for slabs to receive conventional mortar setting beds for ceramic, quarry,
stone, brick, other tile and pavers shall be 10 mm in 1 m.

14 BLOCKWORK CORE FILLING

For all reinforced and load bearing walls, fill all cores with grout and thoroughly compact by
mechanical vibrator and/or rodding with a plain round bar.

Grout shall be in accordance with the following specification, conforming to PPBBI-1971.

- Characteristic Compressive Strength F’c = refer to drawings (20MPa if not specified)
- Specified slump = 230mm
- Maximum aggregate size = 10mm

Cleanout openings shall be provided at the bottom of each core containing vertical
reinforcement. Reinforcing cores shall be cleaned of mortar protrusion before grouting.

15 PNEUMATICALLY PLACED CONCRETE (SHOTCRETE)

Where concrete is placed pneumatically, care is to be taken to screen against overspray.

The work shall be carried out generally in accordance to ACI 506.2-95 "Specification for
Shotcrete". Details of the proposed mix shall be submitted for approval. Preconstruction
testing is required in accordance with ACI 506.2-95.

Thickness and alignment of the concrete shall be controlled by stretched piano wires. The
Contractor shall achieve the minimum thickness indicated on the drawings and shall allow
for any additional concrete required to make up overbreak, over excavation and excavation
to achieve a vertical finished face in one plane within the specified tolerances.

Testing of pneumatically placed concrete shall be carried out using cores cut from test
panels (or where approved by the Superintendent, from in-place concrete). The frequency of
cores shall comply with ACI 506.2-95. Note that core tests are in addition to the concrete
cylinder testing specified in other sections. Cores must be tested by an approved NATA
laboratory.

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