WRITTEN EXPRESSION

_ 9. In 1958, a largest recorded wave, with a height of 500 meters, occurred in Lituya
"A B C D
Bay, Alaska.

_10. Exercise in swim ming pools is particularly helpful because of the buoyant
A B C
effect water.
D

PROBLEMS W IT H USAGE.

In E n g lish cer ta in g r o u p s o f w ord s h ave
fu se d in th e W ritten E x p r e ssio n s e c tio n
le m s are p o s sib le o n th e T O E F L test,
(1) w h en to u se m ake a n d do; (2 ) w h e n
other, another, a n d others.
sim ila r u ses, a n d th e se w ord s are s o m e tim e s c o n ­
o f th e T O E F L test. A lth o u g h v a rio u s u sa g e p r o b ­
th e fo llo w in g p r o b le m s are th e m o s t c o m m o n :
to u se like, unlike, a n d alike; a n d (3 ) w h e n to u se

S k ill 58: D IS T IN G U IS H M AKE A N D DO

M ake an d do can b e c o n fu s e d in E n g lish b e c a u se th e ir m e a n in g s are so sim ilar. S in c e th e

d iffe r e n c e b e tw e e n m ake a n d do is te ste d o n the T O E F L test, y o u s h o u ld le a r n to d istin ­
g u ish th em .
M ake o fte n h as th e id e a o f creating or constructing. T h e fo llo w in g e x p r e s s io n s sh o w
so m e o f th e p o s sib le u ses o f make:
She likes to make her own clothes.
Would you like to make a cake for dessert?
If you make a. mistake, you should correct it.
H e was unable to make a response to the threat.

Do o fte n h as th e id e a o f com pleting o r perform ing. T h e fo llo w in g e x p r e s s io n s sh o w s o m e o f

th e p o ssib le u se s o f do:
This m orning she did all the dishes.
T he students are doing the assignments.
T h e janitors did the work they were assigned.
You can do your laundry at the laundromat.

T h e se are o n ly s o m e o f th e u ses o f m ake a n d do. M any u s e s o f m ake a n d do are id io m a tic

a n d th e r e fo r e d iffic u lt to classify.

FXF.Rr.lSF. 58: E ach o f th e fo llo w in g s e n te n c e s c o n ta in s m ake or do. C ir cle m ake o r do.

D raw arrow s to th e n o u n s th a t c o m p le te th e e x p r e ssio n s. T h e n in d ic a te i f th e s e n t e n c e s
are c o r r e c t (C ) o r in c o r r e c t (I).

J 1. T he biology stu dent (did) several mistakes in the lab report.

r ^ ♦
L2. I hop e that you will be able to (dg) m e a favor this afternoon.
 STRUCTUREAND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

3. N o matter what jo b she has, she always makes her best.

4. The runner did a strong effort to increase her speed in the m ile race.

5. It is com forting to think that your work can make a difference.

6. His grade was not very good because he had not don e his homework.

7. In this jo b you will make m ore m oney than in your previous job.

8. H e was unable to do dinner because no o n e had d on e the lunch dishes.

9. It is a pleasure to work with som eone who always makes the right thing.
10. If you make a good im pression at your jo b interview, you will get the job .

S k i l l 59: D IS T IN G U IS H LIKE, ALIKE, UNLIKE, A N D D ISLIKE

Like, alike, unlike, a n d dislike are easily c o n fu s e d b e c a u se th e y lo o k so sim ila r a n d th e y have

m an y d iffe r e n t u ses. T h e r e are several stru ctu res w ith like, alike, unlike, a n d dislike th a t you
sh o u ld b e fa m ilia r w ith.
T h e first str u c tu r es y o u sh o u ld already be fam iliar w ith are th e ad jectives alike a n d like
(se e Skill 5 0 ). S tu d y th e u se o f alike an d like in th e fo llo w in g e x a m p les.
John and Tom are alike.
John and Tom worked in a like manner.
In b o th th e se e x a m p le s , alike a n d like are ad jectiv es th a t m e a n similar. In th e first e x a m p le ,
alike is a p r e d ic a te ad jective d e sc r ib in g J o h n a n d Tom. B e ca u se alike is a p r e d ic a te adjec­
tive, it c a n o n ly b e u sed a fter a lin k in g verb su ch as are. In th e s e c o n d e x a m p le , like is th e
ad jective fo r m th a t is u s e d im m e d ia te ly b e fo r e th e n o u n manner.
T h e n e x t str u c tu r es y o u sh o u ld b e fam iliar w ith are th e p r e p o sitio n s like an d unlike,
w h ic h h ave o p p o s ite m e a n in g s. B e ca u se they are p r e p o sitio n s, th e y m u st b e fo llo w e d by
ob jects.
John is (likeTom).
John is (unlikeTom).
In th e first e x a m p le , th e p r e p o sitio n like is fo llo w e d by th e o b je c t Tom. It m e a n s th a t Tom
an d J o h n are sim ilar. In th e se c o n d e x a m p le , th e p r e p o sitio n u n lik e is fo llo w e d by th e o b ­
j e c t Tom. It m e a n s th at T o m an d J o h n are n o t sim ilar.
T h e p r e p o s itio n s like a n d u n lik e can also b e u s e d at th e b e g in n in g o f a se n te n c e .
(LikeTom ), John is tall.
(U nlikeTom), John is tall.
In th e first e x a m p le , th e p r e p o sitio n like is fo llo w e d by th e o b je c t Tom. It m e a n s th a t T om
is tall. In th e s e c o n d e x a m p le , th e p r e p o sitio n u n lik e is fo llo w e d by th e o b je c t Tom. It
m e a n s th a t T om is n o t tall.
T h e fin a l str u c tu r es th a t y o u sh o u ld b e fa m ilia r w ith are th e verb s like a n d dislike,
w h ic h h a v e o p p o s ite m e a n in g s. B e c a u se th ey are verb s, th ey are u s e d w ith su bjects.
John and Tom like the course.
John and Tom dislike the course.
In th e first e x a m p le , th e verb like fo llo w s th e su b ject John a n d Tom. It m e a n s th at b o th m en
th in k th a t th e c o u r se is en jo y a b le . In th e se c o n d e x a m p le , th e v e rb dislike fo llo w s th a t sub­
j e c t J o h n a n d Tom. It m e a n s th at b o th m e n th in k th at th e c o u r se is n o t e n jo y a b le .
 WRITTEN EXPRESSION

T h e fo llo w in g c h a r t o u tlin e s th e stru ctu res a n d m e a n in g s o f s e n te n c e s w ith like, alike,

unlike, a n d dislike:

LIKE, ALIKE, UNLIKE, AND DISLIKE

GRAMMAR MEANING USE

like adjective similar As an adjective, like is used before a noun.

alike adjective similar As an adjective, alike is used after a linking verb.
like preposition similar Both prepositions are followed by objects.They can both be used
unlike preposition different in many positions, including at the beginning of the sentence.

like verb enjoy Both verbs follow subjects.

dislike verb not enjoy

E X E R C ISE 59: E ach o f th e fo llo w in g s e n te n c e s c o n ta in s like, alike, unlike, o r dislike. C ircle

th e ftfce w ords. T h e n in d ic a te i f th e s e n te n c e s are c o r r e c t (C ) o r in c o r r e c t (I ).

1 1. The iwo routes you have chosen for the trip are (like.)
C 2. T he scien ce books this sem ester are (like) the books used last sem ester.
3. Alike the restaurant where we usually eat, this new restaurant has early-bird specials.
4. U nlike the traditional red fire engines, the new fire engines are yellow.
5. T he two girls disliked the fact that they were wearing alike dresses.
6. The new piece that the pianist is preparing is unlike any she has ever played before.
7. Like the W ashington Zoo, the San D iego Zoo has several panda bears.
8. The insurance package offered by that company is exactly alike the package our
com pany offers.

9. Any further work done in a like fashion will be rejected.

10. It is unfortunate that the covers for this year’s and last year’s albums are so dislike.

S k ill 60: D IS T IN G U IS H OTHER, ANOTHER, A N D O THERS

Other, another, a n d others are very easy to c o n fu s e . T o d e c id e h o w to u se e a c h o f t h e m cor-

recdy, y o u m u st c o n s id e r th r e e th in gs: (1 ) i f it is sin g u la r o r p lu ral, (2 ) i f it is d e fin it e (the)
o r in d e fin ite (a ) , a n d (3) i f it is a n ad jective (it ap p ears w ith a n o u n ) o r i f it is a p r o n o u n
(it ap p ea rs by it s e lf ) .

SINGULAR PLURAL

INDEFINITE 1 have another book. 1 have other books.

1 have another. 1 have others.

DEFINITE 1 have the other book. 1 have the other books.

1 have the other. 1 have the others.

N o tic e th a t y o u u s e another o n ly to refer to an in d e fin ite , sin g u la r id ea . Others is u s e d o n ly

as a p lu ral p r o n o u n ( n o t a c c o m p a n ie d by a n o u n ). In all o th e r c a ses, other is c o r r e c t.
 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

E X E R C ISE 60: E ach o f th e fo llo w in g s e n te n c e s c o n ta in s other, another, o r others. C ircle

other, another, o r others. T h e n in d ic a te i f t h e s e n te n c e s are c o r r e c t (C ) o r in c o r r e c t (I).

^ 1. It is essential to com plete the first program before working on the (o th ers)

__ !__ 2. The waitress will bring you (th e another) bowl o f soup if you want.
_____ 3. You should pack another pair o f shoes in case that pair gets soaked.

_____ 4. It is difficult to find others workers who are w illing to work such lo n g hours.
_____ 5. Since the lamp you wanted is out o f stock, you m ust choose another.

____ _ 6. T he other desk clerk must have put that message in your mailbox.
_____ 7. If your identification card is lost or stolen, you cannot g et another.

_____ 8. Because they were n ot pleased with the hotel accom m odations last year, they have
decided to try a other hotel this year.

_____ 9. As som e students m oved into the registration area, others took their places in line.

_____ 10. The printer will not function unless it has another cartridges.

E X E R C ISE (S k ills 5 8 - 6 0 ) : C ircle th e w o r d s in th e fo llo w in g s e n te n c e s th a t are c o m m o n ly

c o n fu s e d o n th e T O E F L test. T h e n in d ic a te i f th e s e n te n c e s are c o r r e c t (C) o r in c o r r e c t
(I).

_____ 1. W hen the car’s odom eter reached 100,000, she decided that it was time to buy
another car.
_____ 2. Every time som eon e does an error in the program, several extra hours o f work are
created.

_____ 3. Like the fashions shown in this m agazine, the fashions in the other m agazine are
quite expensive.
_____ 4. Because the main highway is crowded at this hour, the driver should try to find
another routes to the stadium.
_____ 5. Although the two signatures are supposed to be exactly the same, they are n ot at
all like.

_____ 6. T h e decorators did the shopping for the material and m ade curtains for the
windows.

_____ 7. Before the administrator reads the stack o f papers on his desk, he should sign the
others that are on the file cabinet.
_____ 8. T he com m ittee is d oin g the arrangem ents for the Saturday evening banquet.
_____ 9. W hen he m ade several other big mistakes, he did his apologies to the others in
the office.
_____ 10. Perhaps the designer could select others styles if these are inappropriate.
 WRITTEN EXPRESSION 257

T O E F L E X E R C ISE (S k ills 5 8 - 6 0 ) : C h o o s e th e le tte r o f th e u n d e r lin e d w o r d o r g r o u p o f

w ord s th at is n o t c o rr ec t.

____ 1.The buffalo and the bison are like except for the size and shape of the head and
X B C TT
shoulders.

_____ 2. Other interesting aspect of tachistopic training in recent years has been the
—S B C
newfound use by professional teams.
TT

_____ 3. Only about 3 percent of oil wells actually do a profit.

A B C ~D

_____ 4. Dislike sumac with red berries, sumac with white berries is poisonous.
A C D

_____ 5. Pittsburgh has reduced its sm og by requiring more complete oxidation of fuel in
X B
cars, and others cities can do the same thing.
C TT

____ 6. Alike all other mammals, dolphins have lungs.

"A B C~ ~T5~

_____ 7. Up to World War II almost all important research in physics had been made in
~ A B
universities, with only university funds for support.
C D

_____ 8. Because the plan that was made yesterday is no longer feasible, the manager had to
A B C
choose another alternatives.
D~~ '

_____ 9. Particles w ith unlike charges attract each other, while particles with alike charges
A ~B~' ~~C~
repel each other.

_10. One another surprising method of forest conservation is controlled cutting o f trees.
X" B " "C D