Rayat Shikshan Sanstha's

Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College of Engineering, Satara

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Seminar entitled “Internet Of Things (IoT)” has

been submitted by Raj Ashok Sabale under our guidance in partial fulfillment of

the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Program of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar

Technological University, Lonere during the academic year (Semester-II ).

Date :

Place: SATARA

Guide H.O.D.

Name of the Guide Department Name

 A

Seminar Report

On

Internet Of Things (IoT)

Submitted by

Raj Ashok Sabale

In

Branch : Computer Science and Engineering

Under the Guidance of

Prof. Name of Guide

Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil,

College of Engineering Satara

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere

Month & Year

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College of engineering Satara, a place

that provided me the atmosphere to dream and experiences for lifetime!
The work for this project was carried out at the Basic Sciences and
Humanities department under the subject SEMINAR , at Karmaveer
Bhaurao Patil College of engineering, Satara. The making of this project
involves help, encouragement, and cooperation by many people without
whom, this project would not have been as, let’s say, a
―complete‖. This piece of writing is dedicated to express my sincere
gratitude to them.
I am grateful to Prof. Dr. A.C. Attar, Principal KBP College of
Engineering Satara, and Prof. Mr. A. B. Degaonkar, Dean Academics
who provided a motivating environment in the department and support
during project work. Mrs. Ballal S. R. Head, Basic Sciences and
Humanities department for allowing me to undertake this project.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my project guide,
Proff. Sunita Ballal, for giving me time to time ideas and guidance
related to project – Speech Analysis. He set me on the track at the
beginning and accelerated me when I got stuck somewhere on my way I
would like to thank my friends for their great contribution in relieving the
stress of work at the end of the day.
These acknowledgments won’t be complete without mentioning
heartfelt thanks and affection to my all family members supported me and
let me walk my way. Some people contributed indirectly to this work. For
those people, I might have forgotten you, but you can have sure that this
won’t be forever. Your contribution has its own importance in my
research career.
Thank you!!!
(Raj Ashok Sabale)
 Index

Sr. No Title Page No

1 Introduction 1

2 Literature review 2

3 Objectives

4 Methodology

5 Findings / Observation

6 Recommendations

7 Conclusion 8

8 References 8
Abstract :

We are entering in a beginning of a new of computing technology i.e. Internet

of Things (IOT). IOT is a sort of “universal global neural network” in the
cloud which connects various devices. The IOT is an intelligently connected
devices and systems which be made up of smart machines interacting and
communicating with other machines, environments, objects and
infrastructures and the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and sensor
network technologies will go up to meet this new challenge. As a result, a very
large in size data are being generated, stored, and that data is being processed
into useful actions that can “command and control” the things or devices to
make our lives much easier and safer — and to reduce our influence on the
environment. This paper gives an overview of Internet of Things (IOT) and
brief information about IOT applications and challenges in various fields.

1. Introduction

IoT has become so vital in our daily life and it is going to create a big impact in the
near future. For example, solutions can be provided instantly for the traffic flows,
reminding about the vehicle maintenance, reduce energy consumption. Monitoring
sensors will diagnose pending maintenance issues, and even prioritize maintenance
crew schedules for repair equipment. Data analysis systems will help metropolitan
and cosmopolitan cities to function easily in terms of traffic management, waste
management, pollution control, law enforcement and other major functions
efficiently.
Considering it to the next level, linked devices can help the people personally like
you get an alert from the refrigerator reminding you to shop some vegetables when
the vegetable tray is empty, your home security systems enables you to open the
door for some guest with help of connected devices (IoT). Since there is a massive
growth in number of devices day by day, the amount of data generated would also
be enormous. Here is where Big Data and IoT go hand in hand.
Big Data manages the enormous amount of data generated using its technologies.
The Internet of Things (IoT) and big data are two vital subjects in commercial,
industrial, and many other applications. The name IoT was framed in approximately
a decade ago and refers to the world of machines or devices connected to the
Internet, by which a large amount of big data is collected, stored and managed. Big
data additionally refers to the analysis of this generated data to produce useful
results. The main motivating power behind the IoT and big data has been the
collection and analysis of data related to consumer activities in order to find out
why and what customers buy.
It was not too long ago that we visualised houses of the future where things would
be done on their own- lights coming on by themselves, coffee being brewed just the
way you like as you are about to wake up and your shower knowing the weather
outside and adjusting the water temperature accordingly. And now we are at a point
where technology to achieve all that has been around for a while and has now
become affordable. Hence, it is not a particularly big surprise that we are witnessing
some amazing things happening in the world of automation.
2. Literature review:

IEEE-SA Internet of Things Ecosystem Study,” IEEE Standards Association, 2015.

[Online] Available: https:// standards.ieee.org/innovate/ iot/study.html

IoT has a multidisciplinary vision to provide its benefit to several domains such as
environmental, industrial, public/private, medical, transportation etc. Different
researchers have explained the IoT differently with respect to specific interests and
aspects. The potential and power of IoT can be seen in several application domains.
Various important IoT projects have taken charge over the market in last few years.
Some of the important IoT projects that have captured most of the market. It can be
seen that American continent are contributing more in the health care and smart
supply chain projects whereas contribution of European continent is more in the
smart city projects.
Smart city is one of the trendy application areas of IoT that incorporates smart
homes as well. Smart home consists of IoT enabled home appliances, air-
conditioning/heating system, television, audio/video streaming devices, and security
systems which are communicating with each other in order to provide best comfort,
security and reduced energy consumption. All this communication takes place
through IoT based central control unit using Internet. The concept of smart city
gained popularity in the last decade and attracted a lot of research activities. The
smart home business economy is about to cross the 100 billion dollars by 2022 .
Smart home does not only provide the in-house comfort but also benefits the house
owner in cost cutting in several aspects i.e. low energy consumption will results in
comparatively lower electricity bill. Besides smart homes, another category that
comes within smart city is smart vehicles. Modern cars are equipped with
intelligent devices and sensors that control most of the components from the
headlights of the car to the engine. The IoT is committed towards developing a new
smart car systems that incorporates wireless communication between car-to-car and
car-to-driver to ensure predictive maintenance with comfortable and safe driving
experience.
Khajenasiri et al. performed a survey on the IoT solutions for smart energy control
to benefit the smart city applications. They stated that at present IoT has been
deployed in very few application areas to serve the technology and people. The
scope of IoT is very wide and in near future IoT is able to capture almost all
application areas. They described an IoT architecture with respect to smart city
concept. The authors also discussed that one of the challenging task in achieving
this is the immaturity of IoT hardware and software. They suggested that these
issues must be resolved to ensure a reliable, efficient and user friendly IoT system.
Alavi et al. addressed the urbanization issue in the cities. The movement of people
from rural to urban atmosphere resulting in growing population of the cities.
Therefore, there is a need to provide smart solutions for mobility, energy, healthcare
and infrastructure. They mentioned that IoT is working hard to tackle these
challenging issues. The need for improved smart city infrastructure with growing
urbanization has opened the doors for entrepreneurs in the field of smart city
technologies. The authors concluded that IoT enabled technology is very important
for the development of sustainable smart cities.
What is IoT ?

The term “Internet of Things” (IoT) was first used in 1999 by British technology
pioneer Kevin Ashton to describe a system in which objects in the physical world
could be connected to the Internet by sensors. Ashton coined the term to illustrate
the power of connecting Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags used in
corporate supply chains to the Internet in order to count and track goods without the
need for human intervention.
Today, the Internet of Things has become a popular term for describing scenarios in
which Internet connectivity and computing capability extend to a variety of objects,
devices, sensors, and everyday items. While the term “Internet of Things” is
relatively new, the concept of combining computers and networks to monitor and
control devices has been around for decades.
By the late 1970s, for example, systems for remotely monitoring meters on the
electrical grid via telephone lines were already in commercial use. In the 1990s,
advances in wireless technology allowed “machine–to–machine” (M2M) enterprise
and industrial solutions for equipment monitoring and operation to become
widespread. Many of these early M2M solutions, however, were based on closed
purpose–built networks and proprietary or industry–specific standards, rather than
on Internet Protocol (IP)–based networks and Internet standards. Using IP to
connect devices other than computers to the Internet is not a new idea.
The first Internet “device”—an IP–enabled toaster that could be turned on and off
over the Internet—was featured at an Internet conference in 1990. Over the next
several years, other “things” were IP–enabled, including a soda machine at Carnegie
Mellon University in the US and a coffee pot in the Trojan Room at the University
of Cambridge in the UK (which remained Internet–connected until 2001). From
these whimsical beginnings, a robust field of research and development into “smart
object networking” helped create the foundation for today’s Internet of Things.
The Need for IoT

An IoT system comprises of a huge number of devices and sensors that

communicates with each other. With the extensive growth and expansion of IoT
network, the number of these sensors and devices are increasing rapidly. These
devices communicate with each other and transfer a massive amount of data over
internet. This data is very huge and streaming every second and thus qualified to be
called as big data.
Continuous expansion of IoT based networks gives rise to complex issue such as
management and collection of data, storage and processing and analytics. IoT big
data framework for smart buildings is very useful to deal with several issues of
smart buildings such as managing oxygen level, to measure the smoke/hazardous
gases and luminosity. Such framework is capable to collect the data from the
sensors installed in the buildings and performs data analytics for decision making.
Moreover, industrial production can be improved using an IoT based cyber physical
system that is equipped with an information analysis and knowledge acquisition
techniques. Traffic congestion is an important issue with smart cities. The real time
traffic information can be collected through IoT devices and sensors installed in
traffic signals and this information can be analyzed in an IoT based traffic
management system.
In healthcare analysis, the IoT sensors used with patients generate a lot of
information about the health condition of patients every second. This large amount
of information needs to be integrated at one database and must be processed in real
time to take quick decision with high accuracy and big data technology is the best
solution for this job . IoT along with big data analytics can also help to transform
the traditional approaches used in manufacturing industries into the modern one.
The sensing devices generates information which can be analyzed using big data
approaches and may help in various decision making tasks.
Furthermore, use of cloud computing and analytics can benefit the energy
development and conservation with reduced cost and customer satisfaction. IoT
devices generate a huge amount of streaming data which needs to be stored
effectively and needs further analysis for decision making in real time. Deep
learning is very effective to deal with such a large information and can provide
results with high accuracy. Therefore, IoT, Big data analytics and Deep learning
together is very important to develop a high tech society.
Benefits:

 Improved citizen's quality of life

1. Healthcare from anywhere

2. Better safety, security and productivity

 New business opportunities

1. IoT can be used in every vertical for improving the efficiency

2. Creates new businesses, and new and better jobs

 Economical growth

1. Billions of dollars in savings and new services

 Better environment

1. Saves natural resources and trees

2. Helps in creating a smart, greener and sustainable planet

 Improved competitiveness

1. Competitive in providing cutting edge products/services

Applications of IoT

Emerging economy, environmental and health-care

IoT is completely devoted to provide emerging public and financial benefits and
development to the society and people. This includes a wide range of public
facilities i.e. economic development, water quality maintenance, well-being,
industrialization etc. Overall, IoT is working hard to accomplish the social, health
and economic goals of United Nations advancement step. Environmental
sustainability is another important concern. IoT developers must be concerned
about environmental impact of the IoT systems and devices to overcome the
negative impact. Energy consumption by IoT devices is one of the challenges
related to environmental impact. Energy consumption is increasing at a high rate
due to internet enabled services and edge cutting devices. This area needs research
for the development of high quality materials in order to create new IoT devices
with lower energy consumption rate. Also, green technologies can be adopted to
create efficient energy efficient devices for future use. It is not only environmental
friendly but also advantageous for human health. Researchers and engineers are
engaged in developing highly efficient IoT devices to monitor several health issues
such as diabetes, obesity or depression. Several issues related to environment,
energy and healthcare are considered by several studies.

Smart city, transport and vehicles

IoT is transforming the traditional civil structure of the society into high tech
structure with the concept of smart city, smart home and smart vehicles and
transport. Rapid improvements are being done with the help of supporting
technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing to understand
the need and use of technology at home. Various technologies such as cloud server
technology, wireless sensor networks that must be used with IoT servers to provide
an efficient smart city. Another important issue is to think about environmental
aspect of smart city. Therefore, energy efficient technologies and Green
technologies should also be considered for the design and planning of smart city
infrastructure. Further, smart devices which are being incorporated into newly
launched vehicles are able to detect traffic congestions on the road and thus can
suggest an optimum alternate route to the driver. This can help to lower down the
congestion in the city. Furthermore, smart devices with optimum cost should be
designed to be incorporated in all range vehicles to monitor the activity of engine.
IoT is also very effective in maintaining the vehicle’s health. Self driving cars have
the potential to communicate with other self driving vehicles by the means of
intelligent sensors. This would make the traffic flow smoother than human-driven
cars who used to drive in a stop and go manner. This procedure will take time to be
implemented all over the world. Till the time, IoT devices can help by sensing
traffic congestion ahead and can take appropriate actions. Therefore, a transport
manufacturing company should incorporate IoT devices into their manufactured
vehicles to provide its advantage to the society.
Conclusion:

While the concept of combining computers, sensors, and networks to monitor and
control devices has been around for decades, the recent confluence of key
technologies and market trends is ushering in a new reality for the “Internet of
Things’’. IoT promises to usher in a revolutionary, fully interconnected “smart”
world, with relationships between objects and their environment and objects and
people becoming more tightly intertwined. The prospect of the Internet of Things as
a ubiquitous array of devices bound to the Internet might fundamentally change
how people think about what it means to be “online”.

References:

[1] Dr. Ovidiu Vermesan SINTEF, Norway, Dr. Peter FriessEU, Belgium,
“Internet of Things: Converging Technologies for Smart Environments and
Integrated Ecosystems”, river publishers’ series in communications, 2013.

[2] Dr. Ovidiu Vermesan SINTEF, Norway, Dr. Peter FriessEU, Belgium,
“Internet of Things–From Research and Innovation to Market Deployment”,
river publishers’ series in communications, 2014.

[3] Martin Serrano, Insight Centre for Data Analytics, Ireland ,Omar Elloumi,
Alcatel Lucent, France, Paul Murdock, Landis+Gyr, Switzerland,
“ALLIANCE FOR INTERNET OF THINGS INNOVATION, Semantic
Interoperability” , Release 2.0, AIOTI WG03 – loT Standardisation,2015

[4] IoT: https://dzone.com/articles/the-internet-of-thingsgateways-and-next-

generation.