Std. X1 Sci.: Perfect Chemistry (Vol.

)
13 Properties of matter and their measurement

9.13, plain:
Ans:
Physical and chemical properties
Physical properties: These are
or
properties which
the composition of the substance.
can be measured or observed without changing the
identity
c.g Colour, odour, melting point, boiling point, density, etc.
. Chemical properties: These properties in which substances undergo change in chemical composition.
are
Coal bums in air to
produce carbon dioxide, magnesium wire burns in air in the presencc of oxygen to
form magnesium oxide, etc.

Q.14. How are properties of matter measured?

Ans:
Measurcment involves comparing a property of matter with some ixed standard which is reproducible and
unchanging.
Properties such as mass, length, area, volume, time, etc. are quantitative in nate can be measured.
ii. A quantitative measurement is represented by a number followed by units in which it is measured.
These units are arbitrarily chosen on the basis of universally accepted standards.
e.g. Length of class room can be expressed as 10 m. Here, 10 is the number and 'm' is the unit 'metre' in
which the length is measured.
Q.15. Define: Units
Ans: The arbitrarily decided and universally accepted standards are called units.
e.g. Metre (m), kilogram (kg).

Q.16. What are the various

systems in which units are expressed?
Ans: Units are expressed in various systems like CGS
(centimetre for length, gram for mass and second for time),
FPS (foot, pound, second) and MKS (metre, kilogram, second) systems, etc.

GG-Gyan Guru
Why are units important?

During calculations, confinement to one single system of unit

is advisable. NASA's Mars climate orbiter (first weather
satellite for mars) was destroyed due to heat. The mission
failed as there was a confusion while estimating the distance
between earth and mars in miles and kilometres.

2.17. What are SI units? Name the fundamental SI units.

Ans: SI Units: In 1960, the general conference of weights and measures proposed revised metric system, called
International system of Units i.e. SI system (abbreviated from its French name).
The seven fundamental SI units are as given below:
No. Base physical quantity SI unit
Symbol
Length Metre m
. Mass Kilogram kg
ii. Time Second
iv. Temperature Kelvin K
Amount of substance Mole mol
vi. Electric current Ampere A
vii. Luminous intensity Candela cd

INote: Units for other quantities such as speed, volume, density, etc. can be derived from fiumdamental SI
units.