Jurong Pioneer Junior College

H2 Mathematics (9758) JC2-2022

Tutorial 12: Differential Equations

1. Solve the following differential equations giving y in terms of x:

(a)  2 x 2  1  x ,
dy
dx
(b) 
9  4 x2
dy
dx
 2, (c)
1 dy
x dx
 ex ,
2

 3x 1  x 2  .
dy 5
(d) [3,3,3,3]
dx

2. Solve the following differential equations:

dy dy dy
(a)  cos 2 2 y , (b) y 2  y2  4 , (c)  sec3 y cosec y . [4,4,3]
dx dx dx

d2 y
3. Solve the differential equation e x  1  e2 x , giving y in terms of x. [3]
dx 2

d2 y dy
4. Solve the differential equation cos x 2  1, given that y  0 and
2
 1 when x  0 . [5]
dx dx

5. N1987/P2/14
dy 1  x  y
The variables x and y are connected by the differential equation  . Show that the
dx 1  x  y
du 2
substitution u  x  y reduces the equation to  , and solve this differential equation.
dx 1  u
Deduce that  x  y   2( x  y )  A, where A is an arbitrary constant.
2
[7]

6. N1991/P2/14b (modified)
dy
Show that the differential equation x 2  2 xy  3  0 may be reduced by means of the
dx
du 3
substitution y  ux 2 to   4 . Hence, or otherwise, show that the general solution for y in
dx x
1
terms of x is y  Cx 2  , where C is an arbitrary constant. Sketch the curve for which C  1 . [7]
x

Tutorial 12  Differential Equations (Questions) / Pg 1

Jurong Pioneer Junior College
H2 Mathematics (9758) JC2-2022

7. Newton’s law of cooling states that the rate at which an object cools is proportional to the
difference between its temperature and that of its surroundings.

Assuming that the room temperature remains constant at 25 C and that the object has an initial

temperature of 105 C , show that   25  80e  kt where  C is the temperature of the object at
time t minutes after cooling commences and k is an arbitrary constant.

Given that it takes 10 minutes for the object to reach a temperature of 65 C , determine how

much more time is needed for the object to cool to 30 C .

Comment on the appropriateness of the model for a cooling time of 12 hours. [7]

8. The rate at which a substance evaporates is k times the amount of substance which has not yet
evaporated, where k is a constant.
If the initial amount of substance was A and the amount which has evaporated at time t is x, write
down a differential equation involving x, and solve it to give x in terms of A, k and t.
1
Show that the time taken for half the substance to evaporate is ln 2 . [6]
k

9. A rectangular tank with its base horizontal is filled with water to a depth h at time t = 0. Water
leaks out of the tank from a small hole in the base at a rate proportional to the square root of the
1
depth of the water. If the depth of water is h at time T, find the further time, in terms of T, it will
2
take before the tank is empty. [7]

10. The amount of water contained in a certain leaf at time t hr is denoted by x mm3 . The leaf absorbs
water from the plant at a constant rate and loses water by evaporation at a rate  mm3 / hr  is

proportional to the amount of water it contains. Show that the rate of change of amount of water in
dx
the leaf can be represented by the differential equation  a  bx where a and b are
dt
a
positive constants. Solve this equation, given that, when t  0, x  . Hence express x in terms
2b

Tutorial 12  Differential Equations (Questions) / Pg 2

Jurong Pioneer Junior College
H2 Mathematics (9758) JC2-2022

of a, b and t and deduce that the amount of water contained in the leaf never exceeds the value of
a
. [6]
b

11. N2014/P1/Q10

Answers:
1(a) y  ln  2 x 2  1  C ,
1 2x 1 2 1
(b) y  sin 1 ( )C , (c) y  e x  c , (d) y  (1  x 2 )6  c
4 3 2 4
1  y
2(a) y  tan 1[2( x  C )] , (b) y  2 tan 1    x  C , (c) cos4 y  4 x  c
2 2
x
3) y  e  e x  Cx  D ; 4) y  ln sec x  x ; 7) 30 more minutes;
a ae kt
10) x   2  e   
 kt a  bt
8) x  A  Be ; 9) (1  2)T ; ;
2b b 2b
 5  2x 1   2 5 1 
11 (ii) t   5 ln   , 11(iii)(a)  5 ln   , 11(iii)(b) 2.152 ,
 5  2x 1   2 5  1 
( 5  1)et / 5
1 5
11(iv) x 
t / 5
2(1  e )
Note : Supplementary Exercise is available on KM Portal.
Tutorial 12  Differential Equations (Questions) / Pg 3