EE 354: Switch Gear & Protection Lab

A Laboratory Report on Experiment: 03

Submitted by
Name: Andrew Rani Roll No: B19EE008

Faculty in-charge
Shaik Affijulla

Assistant Professor
in partial fulfilment of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Department of Electrical Engineering

National Institute of Technology Meghalaya
Bijni Complex, Laitumkhrah
Shillong, Meghalaya, India-793003
2020-21
Date of Perform: Date of Submission:
10/02/2022 16/02/2022
Aim- To develop an Over-current relay logic and
generate the trip signal to the Circuit Breaker using
Matlab software.

Apparatus requires: Matlab software.

Theory:
Overcurrent Relays are frequently used in power network systems because in
most of the faulty conditions current generally increases beyond its design limits.
So, in most of the common faults, overcurrent relays play their role and provide
the signal to the circuit breaker to isolate the faulty line from the remaining
system.
The over current relay are used to sense the current and over-load currents and
trips off the system. Micro controller is used for the control operation. The
programming is done in such a way that when the fault current value is above
the set value the relay is closed/ opened (depends on connection) and it trips the
circuit. The tripping of the relay is indicated by the LED. The LCD displays the
set time, set current, fault current and tripping time.

Procedure
• • Browsed MATLAB online portal in PC Web Browser.
• • Typed the necessary MATLAB code for this experimental data.
• • Rectified the error if present and obtained the output of the program.

Program:
clear all
clc

xm=10;
fo=50;

samp=128;

dt=1/(fo*samp);

et=2;

t=0:dt:et;
t1=0:dt:(et-1.5);
t2=(et-1.5+dt):dt:(et-0.5);
t3=(et-0.5+dt):dt:et;

x1=xm*sin(2*pi*fo*t1);
x2=(2.5*xm*sin(2*pi*fo*t2))+(2.5*xm*exp(-t2/1));
x3=xm*sin(2*pi*fo*t3);

x=[x1 x2 x3];

X=rms(x);

nc=et*fo;

% Full Bridge Rectifier Equivalent Model

cs=1; % Sample of Start of Cycle

ce=samp; % Sample of End of Cycle
for v=1:nc
xc=x(1,cs:ce);
X(v,1)=rms(xc); % RMS/DC Signal of 'x'

cs=ce+1;
ce=(v+1)*samp;
end

% Relay Logic
ifault=21;
p=1;
for c=1:nc
if X(p,1)>ifault
R(p,1)=1;
else
R(p,1)=0;
end
p=p+1;
end

tt=(1/fo):(1/fo):et;

subplot(1,3,1)
plot(t,x,'r')
subplot(1,3,2)
plot(tt,X,'r')
subplot(1,3,3)
plot(tt,R,'r')
Output:

Conclusion:
We studied the over current relay using MATLAB Software. We developed necessary
MATLAB code and plot the graph for input ac current signal, output dc current signal and
relay tripping plot