Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr.

Essam Wahba

‫ي‬ٞٗ‫اُقق اُضبُش اُضب‬

Unit 1

2021-2022

1
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

UNIT 1

Definitions
a cheat ‫ؿؾبػ‬ someone who behaves in a dishonest way‫ بطريقة مخادعة‬in
order to get something
demand ‫ٌُطبُت ثــ‬ to ask for something in a very strict ‫صارمة‬and serious way
piracy ‫اُوشف٘خ‬ when someone illegally‫غي قانون‬ ‫ بشكل ر‬copies‫ ينسخ‬and sells
someone's work
ruined ‫ٌُزِق‬/‫ٌُلغذ‬ completely spoiled something
shocked ‫ٓقبة ثقذٓخ‬/ّٝ‫ ٓقذ‬an extreme adjective meaning very surprised and upset ‫مندهش‬
‫وميعج‬
wait with bated wait with a lot of nervousness ‫توتر عصب‬and excitement ‫انفعال‬
breath ‫ٌ٘زظش ثلبسؽ اُقجش‬
claim ً‫ٌذػ‬/ْ‫ٌضػ‬ say something is true, although it has not been proved ‫لم يتم‬
‫اثباته‬
occur ‫ٌذذس‬ to happen or exist in a particular ‫معي‬ ‫ ر‬place or situation
balanced = unbiased ‫موضوع‬/‫متحي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ ر‬/‫متوازن‬
‫غي‬
objective ‫ؿٍش ٓزذٍض‬/ً‫ػ‬ٞ‫م‬ٞٓ
bias ‫رذٍض‬/‫اٗذٍبص‬ a prejudice in favor of ‫ف صال‬or against one thing, person, or group
inaccurate ‫ؿٍش دهٍن‬ not accurate ‫دقيق‬or correct
mislead َِ‫ٌُن‬ to make someone believe something that is not true
omission ‫دزف‬ when you do not include something
point of view ‫خ ٗظش‬ٜ‫ج‬ٝ an opinion
a blacksmith ‫دذاد‬ person who makes things from iron, especially horseshoes
commit a crime ‫ ٌشرٌت جشٌٔخ‬do something which is illegal ‫غي قانون‬ ‫ر‬
convictٍِٚ‫ّ ػ‬ٌٞ‫ٓذ‬/‫ُٓذإ ثجشٌٔخ‬ someone who is in prison for a crime
file ‫ٓجشد‬ metal tool with rough surfaces for shaping ‫ تشكيل‬or
smoothing ‫ تنعيم‬metal
grab (v) ‫ٌجزة ثؾذح‬/‫ٌ٘زضع‬ get hold of something suddenly or roughly
get away ‫شة‬ٌٜ to escape
handcuffs two metal rings linked together which are locked around a
ٍ‫ٌوٍذ ثبألؿال‬/‫ًِجؾبد‬/ٍ‫أؿال‬/‫ أفلبد‬prisoner's wrists

2
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
leg irons ٍٖٓ‫أؿالٍ اُوذ‬ two metal rings linked with a chain, which are attached to a
prisoner's ankles
marshes ‫اس‬ٞٛ‫األ‬/ ‫ٓغز٘وؼبد‬ low ground which is usually wet ‫أراض رطبة منخفضة‬
set off ‫ٌجذأ سدِخ‬ begin a journey

bias by spin ٌْ‫االٗذٍبص ثزوذ‬ giving examples that support one side/presenting opinions as facts
‫اُِـخ أُؤصشح‬ٝ ‫اُشأي أُؤٌذ‬ and using emotional language to persuade the reader ‫تقديم أمثلة‬
‫ تقديم اآلراء الشخصية عل أنها حقائق واستخدام‬/ ‫غيه‬
‫مؤيدة لطرف واحد دون ر‬
‫لغة مؤثرة ف المشاعر‬
bias by placement ‫رذٍض‬ position of the article on the page ‫مكان المقال ف الصفحة‬- the
‫ٌزؼِن ثٌٔبٕ اُ٘ؾش‬ stories at the top of the page are the ones which the editor
wants to show as most important
bias by omission ‫ اُزذٍض ثبُذزف‬leaving out certain stories ‫ • اغفال قصص معينة‬leaving out facts
‫اإلخزٍبسي‬ or certain information ‫ اغفال حقائق أو معلومات معينة‬which does
not agree with the writer's point of view
a tabloid newspaper ‫الصغي‬
‫ر‬ ‫صحيفة شعبية من الحجم‬
A tabloid newspaper has small pages and large photos. It has short
stories which are easy to explain. It uses simple language and large
headlines ‫عناوين الصحيفة‬, which often include ‫ تشتمل عل‬funny
rhymes ‫ قواف‬or jokes‫ نكات‬.

A broadsheet newspaper ‫سم ػشٌل‬ٝ ‫فذٍلخ ٖٓ اُذجْ اٌُجٍش راد‬

A broadsheet newspaper is a more formal newspaper with large
pages. It has more international news ‫األخبار العالمية‬. Articles ‫المقاالت‬
are more factual ‫ تتسم بالحقيقة‬and use longer sentences and
paragraphs. They have fewer photos than tabloid newspapers

Transition Words & Phrases ‫كلمات وعبارات انتقالية تستخدم ف كتابة المقال‬
words & phrases
to begin with,/firstly
due to/because of
whilst/while/although
personally/in my view / from
my point of view
consequently/in turn
to conclude/in summary/to sum
up/in conclusion/in brief/to
summarize/finally
firstly/secondly/next
3
reasons for using them
to introduce the topic ‫ع‬ٞ‫م‬ُٞٔ‫روذٌْ ا‬
to give a reason for something
to give contrasting information ‫ٓبد رزغْ ثبُز٘بهل‬ِٞ‫ٓؼ‬
to give an opinion
to introduce the result ‫ٗزٍجخ‬of something
to introduce a summary of the main points ‫ِٓخـ ُِ٘وبه اُشئٍغٍخ‬
to put ideas in order ‫رشرٍت األكٌبس‬
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
More Vocabulary:
digital version ًٔ‫ افذاس سه‬ٝ‫ٗغخخ أ‬ voluntarily ً‫ػ‬ٞ‫ثؾٌَ رط‬
print version ‫ع‬ٞ‫ افذاس ٓطج‬ٝ‫ٗغخخ أ‬ volunteer ‫ع‬ٞ‫ٓزط‬/‫ع‬ٞ‫ٌزط‬
newspaper headlines ‫ٌٖ اُقذق‬ٝ‫ػ٘ب‬ rhymes ٍ‫ أؿبًٗ ؽؼشٌخ ُألهلب‬ٝ‫دٌبٌبد أ‬
key points ‫اُ٘وبه األعبعٍخ‬ jokes ‫ٗ ٌُذ‬
a persuasive essay ً‫ٓوبٍ اه٘ــبػ‬ include ًِ‫ٌؾزَٔ ػ‬/َٔ‫ٌؾ‬
report an event ‫ ٌوذّ روشٌش ػٖ دذس‬ٝ‫ي أ‬ٝ‫ٌش‬ style ‫ة‬ِٞ‫أع‬
identify ًِ‫ٌزؼشف ػ‬ bias ‫رذٍــض‬
exaggeration ‫ٓجبُـــخ‬ articles ‫ٓوبالد‬
publish ‫ٌ٘ؾــش‬ publisher ‫ٗبؽش‬
publication ‫ػخ‬ٞ‫ٓطج‬/‫ٗؾــش‬ end up ..ًُ‫ األٓش ا‬ٚ‫ً ث‬ٜ‫ٌ٘ز‬
necessities ‫سٌبد‬ٝ‫مش‬ occur ‫ٌذذس‬
scare (v) ‫شػت‬
ِ ُ ٌ / ‫ٌُخٍق‬ news source ‫ٓقذس اُخجش‬
claim (v./n.) ‫كبح‬ٝ ٝ‫ٌزغجت كً ٓوزَ أ‬/‫ادػبء‬/ْ‫ٌضػ‬ experience (v) ٖٓ ًٗ‫ٌؼب‬/‫ٌ ُٔش ثـ‬/‫ٌزؼشك ُـ‬
occurrence ‫س‬ٝ‫دذ‬ investigators ٕٞ‫أُذوو‬
despite ٖٓ ْ‫ثبُشؿ‬ secure (v./n.) ٖٓ‫آ‬/ًِ‫ػ‬
ِ َ‫ٌذق‬/‫ٌذشص‬/ٖٓ‫ٌؤ‬
security ٍٖٓ‫رأ‬/ٖٓ‫أ‬ copies ‫ٗ ُغخ‬
booksellers ‫ اٌُزت‬ٞ‫ثبئؼ‬ common ‫ؽبئغ‬/ّ‫ػب‬
commonly ‫ ٓ٘زؾش‬ٝ‫ثؾٌَ ؽبئغ أ‬ fortunately ‫ُذغٖ اُذظ‬
nervousness ‫رش األػقبة‬ٞ‫ر‬ excitement ‫ؽًء ٓضٍش‬/ٍ‫اٗلؼب‬/‫اصبسح‬
the ship’s captain ‫هجطبٕ اُغلٍ٘خ‬ investigate ً‫ٌُذون ك‬
the Great Bitter Lake ‫اُجذٍشح اُ ُٔشح اٌُجشي‬ casualties ‫مذبٌب‬/‫خغبئش‬/‫افبثبد‬
compensate ‫ك‬ٞ‫ٌُؼ‬ emotional effect ًٗ‫جذا‬ٝ ٝ‫رأصٍش اٗلؼبًُ أ‬
classmates َ‫صٓالء اُلق‬ eyewitness ٕ‫ذ ػٍب‬ٛ‫ؽب‬
issue ‫ٓؾٌِخ‬/‫هنٍخ‬/‫ٓغأُخ‬ qualities ‫فلبد‬
interest (v) ‫ٔخ ُـ‬ٜٓ ٌٕٞ‫ ر‬/ َُْٜ‫ر‬ quantities ‫ًٍٔبد‬
journalist ً‫فذل‬ mention ‫ٌزًش‬
journalism ‫اُقذبكخ‬ discuss ‫ٌ٘بهؼ‬
actually َ‫ثبُلؼ‬/‫اهغ‬ُٞ‫كً ا‬ trainee ‫ٓزذسة‬
trainer ‫ذسة‬ِ ُٓ underline ًِ‫ٌؤًذ ػ‬/‫ٌُجشص‬/‫ٌنغ خطب ً رذذ‬
display ‫ػشك‬/‫ٌؼشك‬ businesses ‫ؽشًبد‬/‫أػٔبٍ رجبسٌخ‬
complain ٌٞ‫ٌؾ‬ century ّ‫ ػب‬011 = ٕ‫هش‬
dusty ‫ًِٓء ثبألرشثخ‬ priceless ٖٔ‫ال ٌُوذس ثض‬
improve ٖ‫ذغ‬
ِ ُ ٌ/ٖ‫ٌزذغ‬ pricey ٖٔ‫ؿبًُ اُض‬
trust ‫صوخ‬/ً‫ٌضن ك‬ a queue ‫س‬ٞ‫هبث‬
a frequent visitor ٕ‫ ٓزشدد ػًِ أٌُب‬ٝ‫صائش ٓؼزبد أ‬ busy traffic ْ‫س ٓضدد‬ٝ‫ٓش‬

4
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

stunning َٛ‫ ُٓز‬/‫ؼ‬ٛ‫ُٓذ‬ nosy/nosey ٍٚ٘‫ ُٓزذخَ كٍٔب ال ٌؼ‬/ًُُٞ‫كُن‬

authorities ‫عُِطبد‬ priority/priorities ‫ٌبد‬ُٞٝ‫أ‬/‫ٌخ‬ُٞٝ‫أ‬
current affairs ‫األدذاس اُجبسٌخ‬ bias ‫رذــٍض‬
replace ٍ‫ ٌغزجذ‬/ َ‫ٌذَ ٓذ‬ location ٕ‫ٌٓب‬/‫هغ‬ٞٓ
route ‫هشٌن‬ project ‫ع‬ٝ‫ٓؾش‬
report (v./n.) ‫روشٌش‬/‫ٌزًش‬/ٖ‫ٌجِؾ ػ‬/‫ي‬ٝ‫ٌش‬/‫ٌقق‬ enormous َ‫بئ‬ٛ/ْ‫مخ‬
occasion (n) ‫ٓ٘بعجخ‬ balanced ٕ‫اص‬ٞ‫ٓز‬
omit ‫ٌذزف‬ mislead/misled َِ‫ٌُن‬
inaccurate ‫ؿٍش دهٍن‬ omit /omission ‫ خزف‬/ ‫ٌذزف‬
point of view ‫خ ٗظش‬ٜ‫ج‬ٝ spin ‫س‬ٝ‫ٌجؼَ ؽًء ٌذ‬/‫س‬ٝ‫ٌذ‬
traditional media ‫ٓقبدس اإلػالّ اُزوٍِذٌخ‬ a record ‫ب‬ُٜ ‫ػب فلخ صِجٍخ ُْ ٌغجن‬
sources snowstorm ٍَ‫ٓض‬
spade ‫ف‬ٝ‫جبس‬ dig/dug/dug ‫ٌذلش‬
be trapped ‫ٌُذزجـــض‬ citizen journalism ٖ‫اه‬ُٞٔ‫فذبكخ ا‬
make sure ‫ٌزأًذ‬ social media ً‫افَ االجزٔبػ‬ٞ‫عبئَ اُز‬ٝ
social responsibility ‫ٍُخ االجزٔبػٍخ‬ٞ‫أُغئ‬ support ‫ٌؤٌذ‬
topic sentence ‫ع‬ٞ‫م‬ُٞٔ‫جِٔخ ا‬ outline ‫ خالفخ‬/ ‫ٓخطو‬
introduction ‫ٓوذٓخ‬ conclusion ‫خبرٔخ‬
supporting statement ‫جِٔخ داػٔخ‬ sum up ‫جض‬ٌٞ/‫ٌِخـ‬
restate ‫ٌؼٍذ فٍبؿخ‬ briefly ‫ثإخزقبس‬
clearly ‫ح‬ٞ‫م‬ٞ‫ث‬ regular ْ‫ٓ٘زظ‬
updates ‫رذذٌضبد‬ mostly ‫كً األؿِت‬
constantly ‫ثإعزٔشاس‬ anxious ‫هَ ِِن‬
stressed ‫ذ‬ٜ‫ٓج‬/‫رش‬ٞ‫ٓز‬ unbalanced ٕ‫اص‬ٞ‫ؿٍش ٓز‬/‫ٓزذٍض‬ٝ ‫ؿٍش دهٍن‬
temperatures ‫دسجبد اُذشاسح‬ delay (v/n) َ‫ٌؤج‬/‫ ٌؤخش‬/ ‫رأخٍش‬
solar energy ‫اُطبهخ اُؾٔغٍخ‬ spiders ‫اُؼ٘بًت‬
social networking sites ً‫افَ اإلجزٔبػ‬ٞ‫اهغ اُز‬ٞٓ neutral ‫ٓذبٌذ‬
review ‫ػشك‬/‫ٓشاجؼخ ٗوذٌخ‬ a car hire company ‫ؽشًخ ُزأجٍش اُغٍبساد‬
regularly ّ‫ثإٗزظب‬ mass media ّ‫عبئَ اإلػال‬ٝ
incredibly ‫ال ٌُقذم‬/َٛ‫ثؾٌَ ٓز‬ book (v) ‫ٌذجــض‬
valuable ٍٖٔ‫ص‬/‫ هٍٔخ‬ٝ‫ ر‬/ ٍَّْ‫ه‬ businesswoman ٍ‫عٍذح أػٔب‬
fire fighters ‫سجبٍ اإلهلبء‬ enquire ‫ٌغزلغش‬/ٍ‫ٌغأ‬
lane ‫ ٓٔش‬/ ‫دبسح‬ obviously ‫امخ‬ُٞ‫ٖٓ ا‬
celebrities ‫ٍش‬ٛ‫ٓؾب‬ voluntary ً‫ػ‬ٞ‫رط‬
keep trying ‫ُخ‬ٝ‫ٌغزٔش كً أُذب‬ apprenticeship ‫٘خ‬ُٜٔ‫رٔشط ثب‬/‫رذسٌت‬
voluntary work ً‫ػ‬ٞ‫ػَٔ رط‬ compulsory ًٓ‫اُضا‬/‫اججبسي‬

5
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

Listening Text
A student reporter is interviewing a journalist
S. Reporter : How did you get into journalism?
Journalist : I started as a trainee ‫متدرب‬on a local newspaper and after two weeks was
chosen for a three-year apprenticeship ‫تدريب علي ممارسة المهنة‬.
S. Reporter : What advice can you give a student reporter ‫ مراسل صحفي تحت التمرين‬like me?
Journalist : When you’re doing an interview don’t ask too many questions, let the
person talk and always listen very carefully, give both sides of the story ‫جانبي القصة (وجهتا‬
)‫ النظر المؤيدة والمعارضة‬and make sure any facts or quotes ‫ اقتباسات‬are accurate. If you’re
writing a news story try to be objective ‫ موضوعي‬and not to show your own feelings or
opinions.
S. Reporter : Have you ever interviewed anyone famous?
Journalist : I’ve interviewed lots of celebrities ‫مشاهير‬including Amr Diab, Carmen
Suleiman and Sandy.
S. Reporter : Who was the most annoying ‫ مزعج‬person you’ve interviewed?
Journalist: There have been quite a few; one was a very grumpy ‫حاد الطبع‬/‫ ش َِكس‬well-
known actor.
S. Reporter : Is it a hard job?
Journalist : It can be sometimes but journalists usually love what they do.
S. Reporter : What kind of person does a good journalist have to be?
Journalist : You obviously ‫ من الواضح‬have to be good at writing, but you also have to
be a naturally nosy person ‫ شخص فضولي بطبعه‬and you really need to be interested in
people.
S. Reporter : What advice would you give to young people listening who want to
become journalists?
Journalist : Get some experience ‫ خبرة‬on the school newspaper or work for a local
newspaper for free and don’t give up, keep trying until someone gives you a chance. I
did many voluntary ‫ تطوعية‬jobs while I was at university and I applied for 18 jobs before
I got my first paid job 12 years later. I’m still here.

6
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

WORD STUDY & Language Notes

 News (V) on/of/about ‫أخجبس‬/‫خجش‬

‫ب دائٔب ٓلشد‬ٜ‫ثبُزبًُ اُلؼَ ٓؼ‬ٝ ‫ ال رُؼذ‬news ‫الدظ إٔ ًِٔخ‬-
-A lot of news on the internet is fake.

 In the news ٚ‫ٍٔز‬ٛ‫فُ ُذق) ٗظش ًا أل‬/ٌٕٞ‫رٍِلض‬/‫ٌَ ِشد كً األخجبس (اراػخ‬

-Hong Kong is in the news today. There are violent demonstrations there.
-She's been in the news a lot recently.
 Read something IN the news ‫ف اُجش‬ٝ‫الدظ دش‬
 See/hear something ON the news
 I t must be true – I heard it on the news last night.
 I t must be true – I read it in the news yesterday.
news ‫ ٓغ ًِٔخ‬a piece of/an item of / a bit of ‫اد اُزجضئخ‬ٝ‫رغزخذّ أد‬-
 -Sally thought about this piece of news carefully.
**********
ُ
 A room (C) )‫غرفة (اسم يعد‬
ُ
 room (U)‫ فرصة‬/ ‫متسع‬/‫حي‬ ‫ ر‬/‫مكان‬/‫مساحة‬/ )‫(اسم ال يعد‬
 roomy/roomier/roomiest (adj.) ‫فسي‬/‫واسع‬
ُ
 make room for ‫يوسع مكانا لـ‬/‫يفس المجال لـ‬
 the whole room = all the people in the room
 -Downs tairs are two s mall rooms: a kitchen and a sitting room.
 The mus eum does n’t have enough room to show everything in their collection.
 The car is roomy and a good choice for anyone who needs to carry equipment.

 Make …+ Adj.  Make …+ n.  Make …+ inf.

 The very busy traffic in central Cairo als o made the building difficult to get to.
 You can make a lis t of all the things you need.
 I t was this movie that made him a star.
 My parents always make me do my homework before I go out.

♥Position ‫ ٓضال كً أُِؼت‬، ) ً‫ٗغج‬ٝ ‫ اُؾخـ ثبُ٘غجخ َخشٌٖ (ٓزـٍش‬ٝ‫ٌٓبٕ اُؾًء أ‬/‫مغ‬ٝ
♥Location = place ٍِْ‫ٌش ك‬ٞ‫هغ رق‬ٞٓ ٝ‫ أ‬،‫ٓزجش‬/‫ٓق٘غ‬/‫هغ ٌٓبٕ (صبثذ) ٓضال ثٍذ‬ٞٓ
◄The player changed his position during the second half.
◄His new apartment is in a good location.

7
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
 bias by placement ‫ٍٔوخ‬ٛ‫ األًضوش أ‬ٞ‫و‬ٛ ‫س‬ٞ‫زا أُ٘ؾ‬ٛ ٕ‫ًُ إلػزوبد أُذشس أ‬ٝ‫رذٍض ػٖ هشٌن ٗؾش ؽًء كً اُقلذخ األ‬

 bias by omission ‫ أُزذذس‬ٝ‫خ ٗظش اٌُبرت أ‬ٜ‫ج‬ٝ ‫ٓبد ال رزلن ٓغ‬ِٞ‫ٓؼ‬ٝ ‫رذٍض ػٖ هشٌن دزف دوبئن‬
 bias by spin ‫ٍُظ اُذوٍوخ‬ٝ ‫خ ٗظش ٓؼٍ٘خ‬ٜ‫ج‬ٞ‫ذف اه٘بع أُغزٔغ ث‬ٜ‫ٌَ اٌُالّ ثؾٌَ ٓؼٍٖ ث‬ٝ‫رذٍض ػٖ هشٌن رأ‬
 incident = an event that is either unpleasant or unusual
‫حـاد أو حــد مقصــود أو غـ رـي مقصــود وربمــا بســرر را ف المعــدات و الممتلوــات وهــو أ فــي شــيوعا ف‬
‫امافن العمل – وتستخدم هذه الولمة أفي ف الصحف واألخبار – حد أو موقف عارض‬
-an embarrassing incident ‫موقف بسرر احراج للشخص‬
-The aircraft experienced an incident last night, but none of the passengers or crew
were hurt.

 accident ‫غي متعمد يحد عن طريق الخطأ أو الصدفة و رييتر عليه أحيانا وقوع اصابات أو أمراض‬
‫ر‬ ‫حاد‬
‫وا ار ف الممتلوات‬
-The young man died in a car accident last week.

 spend money on ..
 spend time + V. + ING
-They spent millions of pounds on the project.
-She spent a lot of time reading books.

 enquire/inquire ‫بستفرس‬/‫بسأل‬
 acquire ‫ يحصل عل‬/ ‫يكتسر‬
 require ‫ يتطلر‬/ ‫بستلزم‬
-She enquired whether it was a hard job.
-He spent years acquiring his skills as a surgeon.
-Most houseplants require regular watering.

 plan to + inf. ..
 plan on + V. + ING
-He planned to write his essay tonight.
-When do you plan on going to London?
 stop + someone/something + V. + ING. ‫يمنع‬
=  stop + someone/something + from + V. + ING.

even/a bit/a little/a lot/much/far/slightly/a little bit/so much ‫الحظ أن الولمات‬-

‫ر‬
‫يأن بعدها صيغة المقارنة من الصفات‬
-If they close Nile Road, it will be even worse.
8
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
ُ ُ ُ
ONES ‫ وف حالة االسم الجمع بستخدم‬,‫ بدال من تكرار اسم مفرد يعد‬ONE ‫الضمي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫◄بستخدم‬
-- Our car is always breaking down. But we're getting a new one soon.
‫ كضـ ر‬ONE ‫◄تسـتخدم‬
‫ـمي فاعـلإل لرشـارة األ األشــخا بصـفة عامـة بمــا فـيهم المتحـد إل وف المل يــة‬
ً
oneself ‫الضمي المنعكس‬
‫ر‬ ‫ – ويستخدم معها عادة‬ONE’s ‫تستخدم‬
-One must do one’s duty.
-Where does one go from there?
-One has to ask oneself what the purpose of the exercise is.
 help + inf. = help + to + inf.
-The organisers believe the project will help attract students to the university.
 play a part in .... ‫يلعر دور ف‬
 play the part of .. )‫مرسحية‬/‫يقوم بدور (ف فيلم‬
ُ
 take part in = participate in ‫بشارك ف‬
◄mean + V. + ING = involve ‫يتضمن‬
-The project will mean closing Nile Road to cars.
◄mean + to + inf. = do something deliberately ‫معي‬
‫يتعمد عمل شء ر‬
- Did you mean to leave your dog here?

◄mean = be important
-Your friendship means a lot to me.
 recommend that someone do/does/should do ..
-I recommended that she speak to a lawyer.
-I recommended that she speaks to a lawyer.
-I recommended that she should speak to a lawyer.

 It is recommended that someone do/should do

-It is recommended that everyone (should) take the test.
- recommend + V. + ING
• I would always recommend buying a good quality bicycle rather than a cheap one.
- recommend + something + to someone
• It's a children's book, but I recommend it to everyone.
- In turn = consequently ‫بدوره – بالتاأل‬
• Working outside can mean too much sun exposure, which in turn can lead to skin cancer.

- In turn = one after the other ‫ واحد تلو اآلخر‬/ ‫بالتتابع‬

- take turns ‫يتبادل األدوار‬
-Each of us collects the mail in turn.
9
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
-We take turns to answer the phone

 spread awareness ‫ الـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــوع‬/disease ‫ المـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــرض‬/epidemic ‫ و ـب ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــاء‬/virus/infection ‫عـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــدو‬

/violence‫العنف‬
publish data/ad, advert, advertisement ‫اعال ال ال‬/article ‫مقال ال ال‬/book/document ‫وثيقال ال ال‬
/newspaper/poem/report/research/poem/novel/story
ُ
- come out )‫ ينرس (بدون مفعول‬/ ‫يصدر‬
-This newspaper comes out daily.

- be scared to death = be scared stiff = extremely scared ‫ف اُؾذٌذ‬ٞ‫ اُخ‬ٌِٚٔ‫ٌز‬

-When she saw the snake, she was scared to death.

- mention + V. + ING
- mention that + sentence
- Don’t mention it = You’re welcome =
- My son mentioned seeing you the other day.
-He didn’t mention that he was the one who started the fight.
-A: Thanks for all your help.’ B: ‘Don't mention it.’

- claim + that + sentence

- claim responsibility for + ‫يدع مسئوليته عن‬
- claim ‫يتسرر ف قتل‬
- The company claims (that) it is not responsible for the pollution in the river.
- An unknown terrorist group has claimed responsibility for this morning's bomb attack
- The war has claimed thousands of lives
- report + V. + ING ‫يبلغ عن‬/‫برسد‬/ ‫يرو‬/‫يذكر‬
- report that + sentence
-The woman reported seeing the robbers.
- The TV news reported that several people had been arrested.
◄◄contain/consist/include
. ‫يضيف لقائمة‬/‫ يضم لناد او فريق‬/‫ش كجزء منه‬ ‫ تعب بشتمل او يتضمن عل ئ‬include ‫كلمة‬
. ‫وتعب بستثب او بستبعد‬exclude ‫وعكسها‬
‫تعب يحتو عل ئ‬Contain ‫كلمة‬
)‫يتحكم ف (مشاعر‬/‫يقوم بإحتواء مرض والحد من انتشاره‬/ ‫ش بداخله‬

‫ئ‬
.‫الش المذكور‬ ‫ بعدها ومعناها يتكون من ر‬of ‫ فتأخذ حرف الجر‬consist ‫أمــا‬
‫ويأن بعدها جميع مكونات‬
-How much liquid do you think this bottle contains?
-World countries are trying hard to contain the CODID-19 pandemic.
11
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
- She could no longer contain her anger and shouted at him uncontrollably.
-Your responsibilities will include making appointments.
-They have included Mohamed Salah. The team is stronger now.
-A football team consists of 11 players.

◄be intended for ...‫معد لغرض‬/‫ موجه األ‬/ ‫بستهدف‬

- The rooms were intended for use as laboratories.
-The book is intended for children aged 5–7.
:‫◄الحظ استخدام صفة بعد الولمات اآلتية‬
somewhere, anywhere, nothing, nowhere, nobody, anyone, someone, something, anything,
e t c.
- Have you ever interviewed anyone famous?

Derivatives

verb noun adjective adverb

news ‫خي‬ newsy ‫حافل باألخبار‬
describe ‫يصف‬ description ‫وصف‬ descriptive ‫وصف‬ descriptively ‫بطريقـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــة‬
‫وصفية‬
differ ‫يختلف‬ difference ‫فرق‬/‫ اختالف‬different ‫مختلف‬ differently ‫بشـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــكل‬
‫مختلف‬
save‫يوفر‬/ ‫ينقذ‬ safety ‫أمان‬ safe ‫آمن‬ safely ‫بأمان‬
reduce ‫يقلل‬ reduction ‫تقليل‬/‫ خفض‬reduced ‫مخترص‬/ ‫مخفض‬
part ‫جزء‬ ‫ئ‬
partial ‫ منحاز‬/ ‫جزن‬ partially/partly ‫بشكل‬/‫جزئيا‬
‫منحاز‬
enormity ‫ضخامة‬ enormous ‫ضخم‬ enormously ‫بش ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــكل‬
‫هائل‬/‫ضخم‬
attract‫يجذب‬ attraction ‫جذب‬ attractive ‫جذاب‬ attractively ‫بش ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــكل‬
attractiveness ‫جاذبية‬ ‫جذاب‬
ُ
freeze ‫ييد‬/‫ يجمد‬freezer ‫ثالجة تجميد‬ freezing/frozen‫تجمد‬ freezing ‫شديد اليودة‬
terrify‫يرعر‬/‫ يخيف‬terror ‫الرعر‬ terrified/terrifying terrifyingly
‫مرعر‬/‫مخيف‬
accuse accusation ‫اتهام‬ accusatory ‫اتهام‬ accusingly ‫بشـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــكل‬
َُ
the accused ‫المتهم‬ ‫متضمن توجيه اتهام‬ ‫اتهام أو متضمن اتهام‬
accuser ‫وجه االتهام‬ ُ
ِ ‫م‬
deny ‫ينكر‬ denial ‫انكار‬ undeniable ‫ال يمكن انكاره‬ undeniably‫بشكل ال ينكر‬

11
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

complain ‫بشكو‬ complaint ‫شكو‬

complainant ‫مقدم الشكو‬
balance ‫يوازن‬ balance ‫توازن‬ balanced‫متحي‬
‫ر‬ ‫ ر‬/‫متوازن‬
‫غي‬
digitally‫رقميا‬/‫ال ريونيا‬
ُ
digitize ‫يحولـ ـ ـ ـ ــه‬/ ‫ ي رقمن‬digit 9 ‫أ رقم من صفر األ‬ digital ‫رقم‬
‫لشكل ال ريون‬ digitization ‫رقمنة‬
(by) accident ‫بالصدفة‬ accidental‫بالصدفة‬ ‫حاذ‬/‫عارض‬ accidentally ‫بالصدفة‬
ُ َ
organise ‫ينظم‬ organiser ‫نظم‬
ِ ‫الم‬ organised ‫ُمنظم‬
organisation ‫منظمة‬ organisational ‫تنظيم‬
convict ‫يدين‬ convict‫محكوم عليه‬/‫مدان‬
brevity ‫اختصار‬ brief ‫مخترص‬ briefly ‫بإختصار‬
behave ‫بسلك‬ behaviour ‫سلوك‬ behavioural ‫سلوك‬ behaviourally‫عل أساس سلوك‬

cheat/cheated a cheat‫شخص غشاش‬

‫يغش‬ cheating ‫الغش‬
pirate‫يقوم بالقرصنة‬ pirate ‫قرصان‬ pirated ‫مقرصن‬/‫مرسوق‬
piracy ‫القرصنة‬
shock ‫يصدم‬ shock ‫صدمة‬ shocked ‫مصدوم‬ shockingly ‫بشـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــكل‬
shocking ‫صادم‬ ‫صادم‬
stress ‫أجهد‬/‫أنهك‬ stress ‫اجهاد‬/‫ضغط‬ stressed ‫متوتر‬/‫ُمجهد‬
stressful ‫ضاغط‬/ ‫جهد‬ ُ
ِ ‫م‬
add ‫يضيف‬ addition ‫اضافة‬ additional ‫اضاف‬ additionally ‫باالض ــافة‬
‫لذلك‬
seriousness ‫ ر‬/‫جاد‬
serious ‫خطي‬ seriously ‫بشــكل جــد‬
‫خطورة‬/‫جدية‬ ‫خطي‬
‫ر‬ ‫أو‬
exist ‫يوجد‬ existence ‫وجود‬ existing ‫قائم‬/‫موجود‬
free ‫يحرر‬ freedom‫حرية‬ free ‫غي مشغول‬ ‫ ر‬/‫مجان‬/‫حر‬ freely ‫مجانا‬/‫بحرية‬
ً
finance ‫يمول‬ finance ‫تمويل‬ financial ‫ماأل‬ financially ‫ماليا‬
risk ‫يجازف‬/‫يخاطر‬ risk ‫مجازفة‬/‫خطر‬ risky ‫خطر‬ ِ riskily ‫خطر‬
ِ ‫بشكل‬
compensate compensation‫تعويض‬ compensatory ‫تعويض‬
‫يعوض‬
necessitate ‫يحتم‬ necessity ‫ورة‬ necessary ‫ور‬ necessarily ‫بالرصورة‬
experience ‫يم ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــر‬ experience ‫موقف‬/‫ خية‬experiential ‫قائم عل الخية‬
‫يختي‬/‫بـ‬ expert ‫خبي‬
‫ر‬
experiment experiment ‫تجربة‬ experimental‫تجريب‬
ُ
‫يقوم بتجربة‬/‫يجرب‬ experimenter ‫الق ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــائم‬
‫بالتجربة‬

12
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
Prepositions

by air ‫ ًا‬ٞ‫جـــ‬
by sea ً‫ثذــشا‬
damage to ‫مشس ٌِذن ثـ‬ on this occasion ‫ أُ٘بعجخ‬ٙ‫ز‬ٛ ً‫ك‬
by land ً‫ثــشا‬
stop …from +ing ٖٓ ‫ٌٔ٘غ‬
return to normal ‫ اُطجٍؼٍخ‬ٚ‫د اًُ دبُز‬ٞ‫ٌؼ‬ partial towards ًُ‫ٓ٘ذبص ا‬
afford to pay ‫ اُوذسح ػًِ دكغ‬ٌٚ‫ُذ‬ for that reason ‫ُزُي اُغجت‬
bias towards ًُ‫اٗذٍبص ا‬ bias against ‫رذٍض مذ‬
in favour of ‫كً فبُخ‬ grumpy (with) ‫دبد اُطجغ‬
get into ... ‫ ٓٔبسعخ‬ٝ‫ُخ أ‬ٝ‫ٌجذأ كً ٓضا‬
kind (to) ..ًِ‫ف ػ‬ٞ‫ػط‬
(journalism) ‫ ػَٔ ؽًء‬ٝ‫٘خ أ‬ٜٓ
at midday ‫بس‬ُٜ٘‫ ا‬ٝ‫ّ أ‬ٍُٞ‫ كً ٓ٘زقق ا‬get to ًُ‫ٌقَ ا‬
solution to ‫ دَ ُــ‬rely on = depend on = ًِ‫ٌؼزٔذ ػ‬
count on
keep up-to-date with ‫ٌجبسي‬/‫اًت‬ٌٞ/‫ ٌغبٌش‬solution to ‫دَ ُــ‬
ٕ‫ ٖٓ أُذزَٔ أ‬post … on social َ‫عبئ‬ٝ ًِ‫ٌ٘ؾش ػ‬
be likely to
media ً‫افَ االجزٔبػ‬ٞ‫اُز‬
ًِ‫ٌؾبسى األخجبس ػ‬
share news on social ًُ‫ٍ ا‬ٞ‫ف‬ُٞ‫هبدس ػًِ ا‬
َ‫اف‬ٞ‫عبئَ اُز‬ٝ have access to
media ‫اعزخذاّ ؽًء‬ٝ
ً‫االجزٔبػ‬
have an impact on ًِ‫ رأصٍش ػ‬ُٚ in general ‫ثقلخ ػبٓخ‬
be careful about ٕ‫ٕ دشٌـ ثؾأ‬ٌٌٞ give a reason for ‫ٌوذّ عججب ُـ‬
‫ي‬ٞ‫ٌلغش اُوقخ ثؾٌَ ِٓز‬
put a spin on a story be angry with )‫ٌـنت ٖٓ (ؽخـ‬
ٚ‫ٌذون ٓقِذز‬
be interested in ‫زْ ثـ‬ٜٓ find out about ‫ٌذٍو ػِٔب ً ثـ‬/ًِ‫ٌطِغ ػ‬
under investigation ‫ٖ اُزذوٍن‬ٛ‫ س‬be angry about ‫ؿبمت ثؾإٔ ؽًء‬
conduct an ً‫ ٌُجشي رذوٍوب ك‬close the road to ّ‫ٌُـِن اُطشٌن أٓب‬
investigation into cars ‫اُغٍبساد‬
reaction to ‫ سد كؼَ ُـ‬harmful to ‫مبس ثـ‬

Expressions & Collocations:

local news ‫ األخجبس أُذٍِخ‬welcome news ‫أخجبس عبسح‬

international news ‫ األخجبس اُؼبٍُٔخ‬the latest news ‫ أدذس األخجبس‬ٝ‫آخش أ‬
a news conference = a ً‫ٓؤرٔش فذل‬
breaking news َ‫خجش ػبج‬
press conference

13
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

a news release ً‫ رقشٌخ فذل‬ٝ‫ ثٍبٕ أ‬a news reporter ً‫ٓشاعَ فذل‬
‫أخجبس اُشٌبمـــخ‬ ‫ػبفلخ صِجٍخ ُْ ٌغجن‬
sports news a record sandstorm
ٍَ‫ب ٓض‬ُٜ
news agency ‫ًبُخ أٗجبء‬ٝ medical records ‫عجالد هجٍخ‬
news blackout ًٓ‫ اػال‬ٝ‫رؼزٍْ اخجبسي أ‬ financial records ‫عجالد ٓبٍُخ‬
news bulletin ‫ٗؾشح األخجـــبس‬ public transport ‫افالد اُؼبٓخ‬ُٞٔ‫ا‬
‫خجش ٌذزَ اُقلذبد‬
front-page news spread false information ‫ٓبد صائلخ‬ِٞ‫ٌ٘ؾش ٓؼ‬
‫ًُ ُِقذق‬ٝ‫األ‬
reduce traffic check the facts ‫ٌزأًذ ٖٓ فذخ اُذوبئن‬
‫ُزا ُْ رؼُذ‬ٝ( ‫أخجبس هذٌٔخ‬
yesterday’s news managing editor ‫ٓذٌش اُزذشٌش‬
)‫ٔخ‬ٜٓ
news reports ‫روبسٌش اخجبسٌخ‬ make every effort ‫ذ‬ٜ‫ٌجزٍ ًَ ج‬
misleading news ‫أخجبس ٓنِِخ‬ a nature reserve ‫ٓذٍٔخ هجٍؼٍخ‬
a long-term plan َ‫ٌِخ األج‬ٞ‫خطخ ه‬ a short-term plan َ‫خطخ هقٍشح األج‬
after all ‫ٓغ رُي‬ٝ/‫ثشؿْ ًَ رُي‬ٝ give an opinion ٌٚ‫ٌُذًُ ثشأ‬
ً‫دٍَُ عٍبد‬ ٝ‫ٓبد رلٍذ اُزنبد أ‬ِٞ‫ٓؼ‬
guidebook contrasting information
‫اُز٘بهل‬
news coverage ‫ رـطٍخ اخجبسٌخ‬freezing temperature ‫دسجخ دشاسح اُزجٔذ‬
freezing point ‫ ٗوطخ اُزجٔذ‬long-awaited ٙ‫هبٍ اٗزظبس‬
emotional effect ‫ٓذشى ُِٔؾبػش‬/ًُ‫ رأصٍش اٗلؼب‬psychological effect ً‫رأصٍش ٗلغ‬
harry potter and the ‫ٓوذعبد‬ٝ ‫رش‬ٞ‫بسي ث‬ٛ
ٍ‫ا‬ٞٓ‫ٌجً٘ اٌُضٍش ٖٓ األ‬
deathly hallows ‫د‬ُٞٔ‫ ا‬make a lot of money
get/gain experience ‫ ٌٌزغت خجشح‬do wrong ‫ٌشرٌت خطأ‬
block traffic ‫س‬ٝ‫ ٌُؼطَ دشًخ أُش‬business hours َٔ‫عبػبد اُؼ‬

Irregular Verbs:

arise/arose/arisen=happen / ‫ؾأ‬
َ ٌَ٘ awake/awoke / awoken ‫ٌغزٍوظ‬
ٌٜ٘/‫ٌغزٍوظ‬/‫ٌذذُس‬
‫ك‬
be/was-were/been ٌٌٕٞ bear/bore/borne َٔ‫ٌزذ‬
bear/bore/born ‫ ٌَ ِِذ‬become/became/becom ‫ٌقجخ‬
e
begin/began/begun ‫ ٌجذأ‬bend/bent/bent ًِْ٘‫ٌَض‬
bet/bet/bet ٖٛ‫ ٌشا‬bind/bound/bound ‫ٌشثو‬
bet/betted/betted

14
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
Words & their Synonyms

particular specific ‫ٓذذد‬/ٍٖ‫ٓؼ‬

close to near ٖٓ ‫هشٌت‬
be hurt be injured ‫ٓقبة‬
terrifying very frightening ‫ ٓخٍق‬/ ‫ُٓشػت‬
freezing very cold ‫دح‬ٝ‫ؽذٌذ اُجش‬
plunge dive dramatically َ‫بئ‬ٛ ٌَ‫جو ثؾ‬ٌٜ ٝ‫ؿ أ‬ٞ‫ٌـ‬
aircraft plane/airplane/aeroplane ‫هبئشح‬
current present ًُ‫ اُذب‬/ ‫اُذبمش‬
advantage merit/benefit/upside ‫كبئذح‬/‫ٍٓضح‬
firstly to begin with ‫ كً اُجذاٌخ‬/ ً‫ثذاٌخ‬
although whilst ٖٓ ْ‫ثبُشؿ‬
in summary to conclude ‫ثإٌجــبص‬ٝ..ً‫خزبٓـب‬ٝ
lastly finally ‫بٌخ‬ُٜ٘‫كً ا‬ٝ
secondly next ‫ كً أُشح اُزبٍُخ‬،‫صبٍٗب‬ٝ
consequently in turn ‫ٗزٍجخ ُزُي‬ٝ/ًُ‫ثبُزب‬ٝ
personally in my view ‫خ ٗظشي‬ٜ‫ج‬ٝ ٖٓ
due to because of ‫ثغجت‬
reduce cut/bring down َِ‫ٌو‬
roomy spacious ‫كغٍخ‬/‫اعغ‬ٝ
points of view opinions ‫آساء‬
bias prejudice ‫رذٍض‬/َٓ‫رذب‬
balanced objective ‫ؿٍش ٓ٘ذبص‬/ً‫ػ‬ٞ‫م‬ٞٓ
reporter journalist ً‫فذل‬
misleading confusing َِ‫ٓن‬
result in lead to ًُ‫ٌؤدي ا‬

Words & their Antonyms

formal ًٔ‫سع‬ informal ًٔ‫ؿٍش سع‬

factual ً‫دوٍو‬ fictional ًُ‫خٍب‬
close to ٖٓ ‫هشٌت‬ far from ٖ‫ثؼٍذ ػ‬
differences ‫اخزالكبد‬ similarities ‫بد‬ٜ‫رؾبث‬
online ‫ٓزضَ ثبإلٗزشٗذ‬ offline ‫ؿٍش ٓزقَ ثبإلٗزشٗذ‬
current ًُ‫اُذب‬ past/old-fashioned ً‫أُبم‬

15
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

advantage ‫ ٍٓضح‬disadvantage/demerit/draw ‫ٗوٍقخ‬/‫ػٍت‬

back/downside
positives ‫ادً االٌجبثٍخ‬ُٞ٘‫ ا‬negatives ‫ادً اُغِجٍخ‬ُٞ٘‫ا‬
objective ً‫ػ‬ٞ‫م‬ٞٓ subjective ً‫رار‬
false ‫س‬ٝ‫ٓض‬/‫ٓضٌق‬/‫ خبهًء‬true ً‫دوٍو‬
balanced ‫ؿٍش ٓ٘ذبص‬/ٕ‫اص‬ٞ‫ ٓز‬unbalanced ‫ٓزذٍض‬/ٕ‫اص‬ٞ‫ؿٍش ٓز‬
service ‫ خذٓخ‬disservice ‫مشس‬/‫أري‬
win ‫ص ثــ‬ٞ‫ ٌل‬lose ‫ٌخغش‬
appear ‫ش‬ٜ‫ ٌظ‬disappear/vanish ً‫ٌخزل‬
include ْ‫ٌن‬/َٔ‫ ٌؾ‬exclude ‫ٌغزجؼذ‬
final ً‫بئ‬ٜٗ first/initial ًُٝ‫أ‬
legal ًٗٞٗ‫ هب‬illegal ًٗٞٗ‫ؿٍش هب‬
partial ‫ٓزذٍض‬/َٓ‫ٓزذب‬/ً‫ جضئ‬impartial/neutral/unbiased ‫ؿٍش ٓزذٍض‬/‫دٍبدي‬/‫ٓ٘قق‬
digital ًٗٝ‫اٌُزش‬/ًٔ‫ سه‬print ‫ع‬ٞ‫ٓطج‬
result in ًُ‫ ٌؤدي ا‬result from ٖ‫ٌ٘زج ػ‬

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:

1. A/An (careerist – soloist – cheat – chemist) is someone who behaves in a dishonest

way in order to get something.
2. To (demand – complain – blame – praise) is to ask for something in a very strict and
serious way
3. Copying and selling someone's work illegally is called (clemency – secrecy –privacy –
accuracy).
4. To (innovate – ruin – remain – regain) means to completely spoil something.
5. (Blocked – Annoyed – Cheerful – Shocked) is an extreme adjective meaning very
surprised and upset.
6. Waiting with bated (breath – breathe – breathing – breathless) is a phrase meaning
waiting with a lot of nervousness and excitement.
7. To (mention – announce – claim – accuse) means to say something is true, although
it has not been proved.
8. To (occupy – occur – obtain – oblige) is to happen or exist in a particular place or
situation.
9. In the last email from my cousin in India, he (asked – wondered - claimed –
requested) that some of India's roads are the most dangerous in the world!

16
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
10. Tarek often won running races at school, but we all knew he was (a cheat – a freak
– a challenger – a character). He did not follow the correct route and did not run as
far as other students.
11. The family picnic was (reunited - ruined – restored – replaced) when there was a
sandstorm and everyone had to wait inside.
12. People (left – walked – ran – waited) with bated breath while the firefighters
helped the family from the fire. Thankfully, everyone was saved.
13. The police have closed the train station because there has been a/an (incident –
coincidence – residence – dependence).
14. Workers at the factory (declared – demanded – explained – objected) better pay
and shorter working hours.
15. Downloading music from some websites on the internet without paying is an
example of (bribery – bravery - piracy – policy)and people should not do it.
16. I was (shocked – checked – choked – chained) to read that 52% of people in the
world are under 30 years old.
17. We can't build houses here because there is a (match – marsh – trash – crack). The
ground is too wet.
18. The metal was sharp and rough, so we used a (profile – mile – missile – file) to
make it smooth.
19. The police arrested the man and put on (handbags - handcuffs – handbrakes –
handicaps) to stop him from moving his hands.
20. They put their walking boots on and (put - set – broke – moved) off early in the
morning.
21. In the past, all villages had a (blacksmith –gunsmith – locksmith – goldsmith) who
could make things from metal.
22. Very dangerous convicts were put in (head – leg – arm – waist) irons in the past to
stop them from running away.
23. A/An (backyard – junkyard – schoolyard – graveyard) is an area of land where
people are buried.
24. I ran to the shops, and when I got my breath (down – over – back – out), I asked for
bread!
25. When Tarek saw the huge, angry camel, he nearly jumped out of his (shoes – skin
– head – mind).
26. The police think that the men (committed – connected – communicated – acted)
the crime last week.
27. We think that the person who won the quiz is a (chat – bias – cheat – spin). He
looked up the answers online, which was not allowed.

17
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
28. People who leak books and join in (piracy – pirates – cheat – chat) are punished for
their crime.
29. She has made a great contribution to social work in her neighbourhood.
Contribution here is a synonym for (deprivation – donation – estimation –
relation).
30. A (tabloid – broadsheet – free sheet – dustsheet) newspaper has small pages and
large photos.
31. A tabloid newspaper uses (official – formal – simple – literary) language.
32. Articles in broadsheet newspapers are more (factual – fictional – annual –
bilingual) and use longer sentences than those in tabloid newspapers.
33. Broadsheet newspapers have (clearer – better – older – fewer) photos than tabloid
newspapers.
34. A new article on space travel appeared (on – in – at –into) the internet.
35. The train is (expecting – arranged – due – planned) to arrive in Cairo at midday.
36. Photographs of the whole book have appeared online. The underlined word
‘online’ could be replaced by (offline – on the internet – deadline – decline).
37. The story was kept secret for a long time. The antonym of secret here is (unknown
– unused – unrevealed – unusual).
38. He stood up before a whole roomful of people, and asked her to marry him. The
synonym of ‘before’ here is (forward – backward – behind – in front of).
39. She removed her profile picture on Facebook. The synonym of ‘removed’ here is
(uploaded – downloaded – deleted – enlarged).
40. The news story can still be read (of – on – at – with) some sites.
41. She (inquired – claimed – demanded – accused) her neighbour had stolen all her
money.
42. He typed (away – up – on – off) a copy of the report from the photos shared on
social media.
43. He shared a house (with – to – about – over) four other people.
44. She knew that he was the person she wanted to share her life (in - with – of – to).
45. An unknown terrorist group has (blamed - claimed – demanded – said)
responsibility for this morning's bomb attack.
46. Despite careful (secure – secured – secures – security), the information was leaked
to the press.
47. The interview questions (included – consisted – joined – declined) asking
candidates about their previous experience.
48. She had a very embarrassing (event – accident - incident – disaster) at the local
supermarket yesterday.
49. (Piracy – Privacy – Secrecy – Accuracy) is becoming much more common nowadays.
18
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
50. He tends to copy his brother in the way he dresses. The underlined word ‘copy’
here means (pretend – imitate – repeat – like).
51. The two men died when they were (tripped – tapped – trapped – topped) in a
burning building.
52. The car accident meant the (ruin – running – role – rule) of all her hopes.
53. The restaurant turned out to be (surprise – surprised – surprising – surprisingly)
cheap.
54. How did you find (on – of – out – with) about the party?
55. These statistics (mean – remain – demand – include) that almost 7% of the working
population is unemployed.
56. If you live in the countryside, a car is (most – must – a must – utmost).
57. The long- (awaiting – awaited – waiting – waited) law against piracy was finally
passed.
58. ‘Oliver Twist’ by Charles Dickens is a (must be read / must-read/must be reading –
must have read).
59. (Several – Multiple – Number – Numerous) of my friends are learning English.
60. The website has agreed to stop (showing – appearing – seeing – looking) the illegal
photos.
61. Many people are (liking – likely – liked – likelihood) to share the story on Facebook.
62. Everybody was shocked (from - by – with – in) the terrible news of her sudden
death.
63. Publishers make a lot of money (on – in -from – with) books like ‘Harry Potter’.
64. Some people think that all books should be (freed – freely – freeing - free) to read
online.
65. She couldn’t afford to pay the rent of her flat.
66. Just because I'm lending you my dress for tonight doesn't (mean – refer – sense –
include) you can borrow it whenever you want to.
67. We aren't going for the simple (cause – result – reason – factor) that we can't
afford it.
68. Some people believe that (constancy - piracy –currency – dependency) is a crime
which must be punished.
69. Her article has been accepted for (publication – population – prescription –
production).
70. Don't be so (rosy – nosy – choosy – classy)—it's none of your business.
71. A truck had overturned and was completely (rocking - blocking – avoiding –
locking) traffic.
72. A lot of ships pass (over – on – at – through) the Suez Canal every day.
73. This exercise is the hardest (on – with - of – in) its type.
19
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
74. If she continues like this, she could beat the (code – record – award – reward).
75. A strong wind (stung – rung – spun – flung) the ship, so it blocked traffic through
the canal.
76. She smiled at me as she walked (past – present – post – paste).
77. We've no coffee. Would you like tea (instead – besides – instead of – in steps)?
78. Melt the butter first, then (adding – added – addition – add) the onion.
79. In (addition – additional – additionally – add) to these arrangements, extra
ambulances will be on duty until midnight.
80. (Addition – Additional – Additionally – an addition), the bus service will run on
Sundays, every two hours.
81. The products will be sent (on – at – by – with) air.
82. The accident (paid – cost – harmed – afforded) Egypt and other countries millions
of pounds.
83. The soldiers were finally (enable - able – disabled – could) to defeat the enemy.
84. Investigators did not know the true (reason – interest – objective – cause) of the
accident.
85. The (authorities – priorities – minorities – properties) are taking steps to fight the
pandemic.
86. The company said it will (conjugate - investigate –invest – infect) any customer
complaints.
87. There was a plane crash, but there were no (casual – hurts – injury – casualties).
88. The company will (calculate – compensate – celebrate – advocate) you for the
losses you have suffered.
89. CoVid-19 has caused tremendous (financial – facial – artificial – serial) losses.
90. Regular exercise can reduce (stressing – stressed – stressful – stress) levels.
91. Doctors have always (stressed – impressed – pressed – released) the importance of
exercise.
92. He was feeling very (impressed - stressed – assessed – confessed) and tired.
93. The programme presented a (balance – balancing – a balance – balanced) view of
the two sides of the conflict.
94. The advertisement was extremely (misunderstanding – misleading – mistreating –
misbehaving) about the cost of the holiday.
95. A fair game depends on an unbiased referee. The synonym of ‘unbiased’ here is
(partial – partly – impartial – partially).
96. The closest synonym to the word ‘omission’ is (determination – elimination –
discrimination – domination).
97. Social media has become the main (recourse – course – source – force).
98. You can get regular news updates (in – into – of – on) your smartphone.
21
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
99. From (my opinion – my view – my point of view – a view), a lower speed limit
would certainly be a good thing.
100. The collision sent the car (spinning – springing – stinging – passing) across the
road.
101. The report assesses the (intact – fact - impact – contract) of the disease on
mortality and population growth.
102. Some writers leave out certain information which does not agree with their
points of view. The underlined word ‘certain’ means (spectacular – specific –
inaccurate – significant).
103. She finished the job in record time. This means that she finished the job (after
everyone else did – carefully – finally – before everyone else).
104. Bad news can make people (stressed – stressing – stressful – stresses).
105. To (end – begin – finish – state) with, I’d like to thank all the people who have
helped me.
106. Increased production will, in (end – result – turn – true), lead to increased profits.
107. You've (illegally – legal – illegal – legally) accessed and misused confidential
security files. You are under arrest.
108. The results of the survey come as no (surprises – surprised – surprising – surprise)
to us.
109. (Cheat – Check – Chat – Shake) the facts before publishing anything.
110. He’s the managing (broadcaster – reporter – correspondent) editor of a scientific
journal.
111. (Lasted – Lasting – Lasts – Lastly), I’d like to know everything about your plans.
112. In (sum – summer – summary – summarization), this information is inaccurate.
113. We need to have an independent and (imperative – interrogative – addictive –
objective) assessment of the candidate's abilities.
114. We all should (keep – get – make - do) up-to-date with current affairs.
115. Artistic (contain – continent - content – contacts) should not be copied without
permission.
116. The police wondered whether she was capable of (performing – conducting -
committing – convicting) such a horrible crime.
117. She (trapped - grabbed – kidnapped – tricked) the child's hand and ran.
118. I nearly jumped out of my (head – mind - skin – clothes) when I saw him in the
dark.
119. I needed a few minutes to (bring – hold – remain – get) my breath back after the
run.
120. Unable to stay (in - at – on – off) the table with all the guests any longer, 1 got up
from my chair and ran to the front door.
21
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
121. She began to feel (happy – cheerful - guilty – optimistic) about the money she had
stolen, so she decided to tell the police.
122. He came back into the room (shouting – shouts – shouted – to shout), ‘The money
has gone!”
123. It was a/an (green – white – brown – grey) afternoon with a dull sky threatening
rain.
124. The child pointed (on – to – in – of) the toy he wanted.
125. I ran until I could run (any more - no more – any longer – any farther).
126. She was busy helping her mother prepare lunch (to –with – at – for) the next day.
127. Though he was handcuffed, he managed to get (away – over – in – down) from
prison.
128. Prison (boats - ships – jails – shelters) were used in the 18 th and 19th centuries to
keep people who committed crimes.
129. It is only through study that one really begins to know (ourselves – oneself –
himself – herself).
130. The convict wanted a file so that he could take (on – to - off – in) his leg-irons.
131. Quite (by – on – at – for) surprise, I saw a man in grey who seemed to be asleep.
132. He looked at me for a moment before disappearing into the (mast – mist – most –
mass).
133. She left (on – by – with – in) an angry look on her face.
134. It was raining and the wind blew the rain (in – on – about – into) our faces.
135. We set (on – at – in – off) for Cairo just after 10.
136. Citizen (globalism – idealism - journalism – socialism) is a sort of reporting that
involves everyday people reporting on news as and when it happens around them.
137. There was a mining accident in the 1800s in which 59 miners escaped from a
collapsing mine only (realize – realizing - to realize – realized) that one of their own
was still inside. They then went back in to try to save him and all perished.
138. Sarah started as a trainee on a local newspaper and after two weeks, she was
chosen for a three-year (membership – friendship – relationship – apprenticeship).
139. A good writer should always be (infective – detective – objective - secretive) and
not shot his or her own feelings or opinions.
140. Keep trying until someone gives you a chance. Never give (on – off – out – up)!

22
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

Grammar: Past Simple Tense

: ‫ يستخدم الماضي البسيط‬
:‫ للتعبير عن حدث انتهي في وقت معين في الماضي‬- 0
 I visited my aunt last week.  The ancient Egyptians invented a way of writing.
:‫ للتعبير عن موقف أو عادة في الماضي‬- 2
 When I was on holiday, I went to the sea every day.
:‫ لحكاية قصة في الماضي‬- 3
 He went home. It was very dark. He suddenly heard a strange noise.
‫ الثانية‬IF ‫ في حالة‬- 4
 If he knew the truth, he wouldn't believe it.
:‫ أحداث متتالية‬- 5
 First he saw the film. Then he had dinner and went to bed.

:‫ يستخدم الماضي البسيط بعد العبارات اآلتية‬- 6

Would rather + ‫فاعل‬
-I’d rather you didn’t smoke here.

It is time + ‫ فاعل‬// It is about time + ‫ فاعل‬// It is high time + ‫فاعل‬

-It is time you went to bed.
‫ في حالة التعبير عن التمني في المضارع‬I wish/If only ‫ يستخدم الماضي البسيط بعد‬- 7
-I don’t have a laptop. I wish / If only I had one.

: ‫ يستخدم الماضي البسيط غالبا مع كلمات مثل‬

last (year, night, week, month / summer) / ago / yesterday / in ancient times /
once upon a time / the other day, year (= a few days, years ago)/ in 2000 / in the
past/ from (2006) to (2008)/one day / How long ago..? / once

 How much bread did you buy yesterday? )‫(في حالة السؤال – الحظ الفعل في المصدر‬
 I didn’t know him then. )‫(في حالة النفي‬
: ‫ الماضي البسيط في المبني للمجهول‬
Was / were + PP

He wrote the letter a few days ago. The letter was written a few days ago.

23
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

Used to + inf. :ً‫ اُقووووووووٍـخ ُِزؼجٍووووووووش ػووووووووٖ ػووووووووبدح كووووووووً أُبموووووووو‬ٙ‫ووووووووز‬ٛ ّ‫رغووووووووزخذ‬

I used to play tennis, but now I play football.

: ً‫كً دبُخ اُ٘ل‬ٝ 
Didn’t use to + inf.  He didn’t use to smoke, but now he does.

: ٍ‫كً دبُخ اُغؤا‬ٝ 

Did + َ‫ كبػ‬+ use to + inf. ..?

Did she use to cry a lot when she was a baby?

:ً‫ ُِزؼجٍش ػٖ دذس ٓؼزبد كً أُبم‬was/were used to + V. + ING ّ‫ٌٌٖٔ أٌنب ً اعزخذا‬ٝ
-He wasn't used to walking so much.

ً‫ كوً دبُوخ اُزؼجٍوش ػوٖ دوذس ٓزٌوشس كو‬used to + INF. ٖ‫ ثوذال ٓو‬would + INF. ّ‫ٌٌٔوٖ اعوزخذا‬
َ‫د أكؼوووبٍ رؼجوووش ػوووٖ اُذبُوووخ ٓضووو‬ٞ‫جووو‬ٝ ‫ ػ٘وووذ‬ٝ‫وووب ال رغوووزخذّ ارا ًوووبٕ اُذوووذس ؿٍوووش ٓزٌوووشس أ‬ٌُٜ٘ٝ ،ً‫أُبمووو‬
be/love/hate/like
 When I was on holiday last year, I used to go to the beach every day.
 =When I was on holiday last year, I would go to the beach every day.
:‫ في الجمل اآلتية‬would ‫ولكـــن ال تستخدم‬
 When I was young, I used to hate fish, but now I like it.
 He used to be a famous singer, but he isn't any more.
:ً‫ كً اُغؤاٍ ػٖ ػبدح كً أُبم‬would ّ‫ًٔب ال رغزخذ‬
Did she use to get up early? (Not: Would she get….?)

‫وب ػالهوخ‬ُٜ ‫ُوٍظ‬ٝ ً‫ رؼجوش ػوٖ سكول ؽوخـ ػٔوَ ؽوًء كوً أُبمو‬wouldn't + INF ٕ‫الدوظ أٌنوب ً أ‬ٝ
..‫ثبألدذاس أُزٌشسح‬
 That's exactly what I was trying to tell him yesterday, but he wouldn't listen to
me.

= That's exactly what I was trying to tell him yesterday, but he refused to listen
to me.

24
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
:‫رغزخذّ اُقٍـخ اُزبٍُخ ُِزؼجٍش ػٖ أُنبسع‬

am / is / are used to + -ing

 He is used to having a cup of coffee every morning.

= He usually has a cup of coffee every morning.
:ٍ‫كً دبُخ اُغؤا‬ٝ 

Am / Is / Are + َ‫ كبػ‬+ used to + V-ing. ..?

 Is she used to living on her own?

:‫ب اُلؼَ كً أُنبسع اُجغٍو‬ٛ‫ٌأرً ثؼذ‬ٝ used to ٖٓ ‫ ثذال‬no longer ّ‫ رغزخذ‬

ٝ ‫ ٓغ ٗلى اُلؼَ كً أُنبسع اُجغٍو‬used to ٖٓ ‫ ثذال‬any more / any longer ّ‫ رغزخذ‬
:‫بٌخ اُجِٔخ‬ٜٗ ً‫رأرى ك‬
 He used to stay up late. = He no longer stays up late.
 He used to live here. = He doesn’t live here any more.

 He is used to the cold weather.

be used to ‫ مٍٔش ثؼذ‬ٝ‫ ٌٌٖٔ اعزخذاّ اعْ أ‬ٚٗ‫ الدظ كً اُجِٔخ اُغبثوخ أ‬
be used for + v ّ‫ٌٌٖٔ اعزخذا‬ٝ inf. ‫ب‬ٌٍِٜٝ " ًٌُ ّ‫ رأرى ثٔ ؼً٘ " ٌغزخذ‬be used to ٕ‫الدظ أ‬
ً٘‫ ث٘لظ أُؼ‬+ing
 Water is used to generate electricity.
 Water is used for generating electricity.
:ٕ‫الدظ أ‬
am / is / are used to + -ing = am / is / are in the habit of + ing

am / is / are used to + -ing = get used to + ing

 He is in the habit of borrowing money from others.

= He is used to borrowing money from others.

I can't get used to living in this cold weather.

= I am not used to living in this cold weather.

25
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

used to + inf. = was / were in the habit of + ing

 She used to sleep in class. = She was in the habit of sleeping in class.

ٌٌٖٔٝ ،‫ ُِزؼجٍش ػٖ ػبدح كً أُنبسع‬get used to + V. + ING//noun//pronoun ّ‫ رغزخذ‬

:ً‫أُبم‬ٝ َ‫أُغزوج‬ٝ ‫ب ٓغ أُنبسع أُغزٔش‬ٜٓ‫اعزخذا‬
 She can’t get used to living in this cold weather.
 I'm getting used to the noise now. I found it really stressful when I first moved in.
 I'm finding this new job hard but I'm sure I'll get used to it soon.
 I always hated the cold weather but I got used to it when I lived in Russia.

Past Continuous Tense ‫الماضي المستمر‬

Was / Were + V-ing ‫يتكون من‬
: past continuous ‫ يستخدم الماضي المستمر‬
: ‫ للتعبير عن حدث كان مستمر أثناء وقت معين في الماضي‬- 0
 Between seven and half past seven this morning, I was reading the
newspaper.
 At 6 o'clock yesterday, I was studying my lesson.

: ‫ للتعبير عن حدث مستمر في الماضي قطعه حدث آخر‬- 2

 I was having a shower when the phone rang.
 He didn't hear the phone ring. He was listening to really loud music.
 The teacher told us to stop what we were doing.
While / when / As / Just as :‫ يستخدم الماضي المستمر غالبا مع كلمات مثل‬

 While we were doing the homework, it started to rain.

 We were doing the homework when it started to rain.
: ‫ب ٓبمً ثغٍو‬ٛ‫ ٌٌٖٔ إٔ ٌأرً ثؼذ‬when ٕ‫ الدظ أ‬
We were doing the homework when the storm started.

: ‫ كً أُبمً أُغزٔش‬while ‫ٕ اُذذصٍٖ ٓغ‬ٌٌٞ ٕ‫ ٌٌٖٔ أ‬

While I was studying, my father was reading.

26
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
: ‫ كً أُبمً اُجغٍو‬when ‫ٕ اُذذصٍٖ ٓغ‬ٌٌٞ ٕ‫ ٌٌٖٔ أ‬
When he arrived , he found the door locked.

: V+ ing ‫ب‬ٛ‫ ٌأرً ٌؼذ‬ٝ when ٖٓ ‫ ثذال‬On ّ‫ ٌٌٖٔ اعزخذا‬

When he arrived , he found the door locked. = On arriving, he found the
door locked.
: noun ‫ب‬ٛ‫ ٌأرً ٌؼذ‬ٝ while ٖٓ ‫ ثذال‬during ّ‫ ٌٌٖٔ اعزخذا‬
 While he was playing the game, he got hurt. (during)
 During the game, he got hurt.  He got hurt during the game.
:‫ب‬ٜ‫ ٌأخز ٗلظ ؽٌَ اُلؼَ اُزي ٌغجو‬and ‫ اُلؼَ ثؼذ‬
 He was writing a letter and listening to some music.
:‫ كً أُبمً أُغزٔش‬to Be ّ‫ الدظ ػذّ اعزخذا‬
‫د كؼَ ال ٌغزخذّ كً األصٓ٘خ‬ٞ‫ج‬ٝ ‫ كً دبُخ‬while ‫ٍُظ أُغزٔش) ثؼذ‬ٝ( ‫ الدظ اعزخذاّ أُبمً اُجغٍو‬
TO BE َ‫أُغزٔشح ٓض‬
 While I was at school, I worked to a plan.

‫ اُذبُخ ال رشرجو‬ٙ‫ز‬ٛ ً‫ك‬ٝ ،ٍٖ‫ أدٍبٗب ُزذٍ ػًِ اُز٘بهل ثٍٖ جِٔز‬/while/whilst/whereas ّ‫ رغزخذ‬
:ٍٖ‫ثضٖٓ ٓؼ‬

 -We would always choose somewhere in the mountains for a

holiday, while/whereas our children always want the seaside.
 Egypt secured only one gold medal in the Olympic Games four years
ago, while/whereas China secured 11.

:‫هذ‬ُٞ‫ أدٍبٗب ًأعْ ثٔؼً٘ كزشح ٖٓ ا‬while ّ‫ رغزخذ‬

 We spent a while looking at the boats in the sea before going for lunch.

:‫هذ‬ُٞ‫بّ ُِغؤاٍ ػٖ ا‬ٜ‫ ًأداح اعزل‬when ّ‫ رغزخذ‬

-When did you send the e-mail to Ahmed?
:ٖٓ‫فَ ٌؾٍش ُِض‬ٝ ‫ ًنٍٔش‬when ّ‫ رغزخذ‬
-December is the month when winter begins for most of the Northern Hemis phere.
ٞٛ ‫ف‬ٝ‫ٕ اُلبػَ أُذز‬ٌٌٞ ٕ‫ ثؾشه أ‬ING ُٚ ‫ ٌغزخذّ كؼَ ٓنبف‬while/when ‫ كً دبُخ دزف اُلبػَ ثؼذ‬
:‫ اُجِٔخ اُضبٍٗخ‬ٚ‫اُزي رجذأ ث‬
-When writing an academic es say, you have to use formal language.
-While going to class , a dog bit him. ××××
-While he was going to clas s, a dog bit him. ✓✓

27
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
: ‫ الماضي المستمر في المبني للمجهول‬
Was / were being + PP

He was writing the letter. The letter was being written.

The Present Perfect Tense

: ‫ يتكون المضارع التام من‬

Have / Has + PP.

 He has just bought a new car.

:‫ يستخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن‬
: ‫ حدث تم في الماضي وال يزال له تأثير في الحاضر‬- 0
 My car has broken down. I have to go to work by bus.
 I've lost my keys. I can't open the door.
: ‫ حدث بدأ في الماضي و ما زال مستمر في الحاضر‬- 2
 I have done this job for many years. = I still do this job.
: ‫حدث تم في الماضي ولم يُحدد الوقت الذي انتهي فيه‬- 3

 I have just finished the homework.

 = I finished the homework a moment ago.
 I've already done the job.
 = I did the job two hours ago.

: ‫ يستخدم المضـارع التام مع كلمات مثـل‬

already / just / ever / never / yet / since / for / lately / recently / so far / up till
now/in my life/
: ‫ و يستخدم إذا بدأت الجملة بمـا يلـي‬
 It’s/This is the first (second…) time..
 It’s (This) is the only…  In the last few years/months
 In recent years
 over the ages / over the years / over the centuries ‫القرون‬/‫ السنين‬/‫علي مر العصور‬

It’s the first time I have been to this place.

This is the only play I have seen.
 Egypt has made great progress in the last few years.

28
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
: before ‫ و يستخدم إذا انتهت الجملة أو السؤال بكلمة‬
 I'm sure I haven't seen this man before.
 Have you done this kind of job before?

: ‫ و يستخدم للتعبير عن حدث فريد مع وجود الصفة في حالة التفضيل‬

 This is the most beautiful building I have ever seen.

: PP. ‫اُزقشٌق اُضبُش‬ٝ have/has ٍٖ‫ رأرً ث‬ever/never/just/ already ٕ‫ الدظ أ‬
 I have just written the letter.
:‫بٌخ اُجِٔخ‬ٜٗ ً‫ ك‬already ً‫ ٌٌٖٔ إٔ رأر‬
 Twenty million people have seen the film already.
: ‫ كً اإلجبثخ‬never ٝ ٍ‫ كً اُغؤا‬ever ّ‫الدظ اعزخذا‬
 Have you ever travelled by plane?  No, I have never travelled by plane.

Just = a short time ago/ a minute ago/ a moment ago

 They left the building a minute ago. (just) = They have just left the building.
since / for ّ‫ الدظ اعزخذا‬
Since + ‫بداية الحدث‬

Since last week / last summer / 1999 / five o’clock / October / this morning /
yesterday / then / Monday / breakfast

For + ‫فترة زمنية‬

For a week / the last week / a year / five hours / three months / two days / a long
time

 I haven’t cleaned the house for a week.

:ً٘‫ ث٘لظ أُؼ‬for ٖٓ ً‫ب كزشح صٍٓ٘خ ثذال‬ٛ‫ثؼذ‬ٝ in ّ‫ٌٌٖٔ اعزخذا‬

 I haven’t seen him in five years. (OR: for five years)

: ّ‫ ٗغزخذّ أُنبسع اُزب‬since ‫ادــذ ٓغ‬ٝ َ‫د كؼـ‬ٞ‫جـ‬ٝ ‫ كً دــبُخ‬
: ّ‫ اُلؼَ اُضبًٗ كً أُنبسع اُزب‬ٝ ‫ ٓبمً ثغٍو‬since ‫ ٌأرً ثؼذ‬، ٍِٖ‫د كؼ‬ٞ‫جـ‬ٝ ‫ كً دـبُخ‬
 I haven’t seen her since she graduated.

29
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

Last / The last time / ago + past simple

:‫ ثذال ٖٓ أٌُِبد اُغبثوخ ٗغزخذّ ٓنبسع ربّ ٓ٘لى‬since / for ّ‫ ػ٘ذ اعزخذا‬
 I last had my hair cut when I was in Cairo. = I haven’t had my hair cut since I was in
Cairo.
 The last time I met Jennie was in 2000.
= I haven’t met Jennie since 2000. = I haven’t met Jennie for 20 years.
 The last time I played chess was six years ago.
= I haven’t played chess since 2003. = I haven’t played chess for 17 years.
:started to / began to + inf. ّ‫ ٗغزخذ‬for ٖٓ ‫ ثذال‬ago ّ‫كً دبُخ اعزخذا‬
 He has learnt English for six years. = He began / started to learn/learning English six
years ago.
:ً‫ ٗغزخذّ اُزشًٍت اَر‬for ٖٓ ‫ ثذال‬since ّ‫ ػ٘ذ اعزخذا‬ٚٗ‫ الدظ ا‬

It’s (=It is) / It's been (It has been) + ‫ كزشح صٍٓ٘خ‬+ since + + َ‫ كبػ‬+ last + ‫ٓبمً ثغٍو‬

 He hasn’t visited his uncle for a long time. = It’s a long time since he last visited his
uncle.
:ٍَ‫ ٗغزخذّ فٍـخ رلن‬never ٖٓ ‫ ثذال‬ever ّ‫ ػ٘ذ اعزخذا‬

 I have never done such a tiring job. = This is the most tiring job I have ever
done.
:such (a/an) adj. + n. ّ‫ ٗغزخذ‬ever ٖٓ ‫ ثذال‬never ّ‫ ػ٘ذ اعزخذا‬
 This is the worst luck I have ever had. = I have never had such bad luck.
‫ كً اُجِٔخ أُ٘لٍــخ‬yet ّ‫ الدظ اعزخذا‬
 I haven’t finished my homework yet.
:‫ ٗغزخذّ ٓنبسع ربّ ٓ٘لى ثذال ٖٓ أُنبسع أُغزٔش‬still ٖٓ ‫ ثذال‬yet ّ‫كً دبُخ اعزخذا‬
 He is still writing the report. = He hasn’t finished writing the report yet.

31
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
:‫مالحظات علي استخدام المضارع التام‬
‫ عنددد الحددديث عددن مؤلفددات كاتددب معددينض نسددتخدم المضددارع التددام طالمددا الكاتددب مددا زال علددي قيددد الحيدداة‬
:‫ومتوقع أن يستمر في الكتابةض وغير ذلك نستخدم الماضي البسيط‬
 Alice Walker has written books of poetry and short stories. Her next book is due
to be published next year.
 Ernest Hemingway wrote seven novels. He died in 1961.

:‫ الحظ استخدام المضارع التام في الترجمة اذا كان ما نتحدث عنه ما زال أثره ممتد حتي الحاضر‬
:‫مثال – "كان للتكنولوجيا الحديثة أثر هائل علي التقدم في مجال اإلتصاالت" ض نترجمها كما يلي‬
 Modern technology has had a tremendous (huge) effect on the progress in the
field of communications.
: ٍٖ‫ الدظ اُلشم ث‬
 Have/Has been to ٚ٘ٓ ‫ػبد‬ٝ ٕ‫ت اًُ ٌٓب‬ٛ‫ر‬
 Have/Has gone to ‫ُْ ٌؼُذ ثؼذ‬ٝ ٕ‫ت اًُ ٌٓب‬ٛ‫ر‬
 Have/Has been in ‫سح كً اُجِٔخ‬ًٞ‫ ٓ٘ز كزشح ٓز‬ٍٚ‫ٌؼٍؼ ك‬ٝ ٕ‫اجذ كً ٌٓب‬ٞ‫ٓز‬
 She's been to India on holiday three times.
 She's gone to Moscow. She will be back next week.
 They have been in London for two years.

ٖٓ‫ اُذبُوخ ثوض‬ٙ‫وز‬ٛ ً‫ال روشرجو كو‬ٝ BECAUSE َ‫ أدٍبٗب ُِزؼجٍوش ػوٖ اُغوجت ٓضو‬SINCE ّ‫الدظ اعزخذا‬
‫ٓذذد‬
I shall not be able to attend ‫ يحضررر‬the meeting since (= because) I shall be
on holiday with my family.

:since then ّ‫ ٗغزخذ‬ٝ‫ب – أ‬ٜٗٝ‫ ثذ‬ٝ‫ أ‬EVER ‫هخ ثٌِٔخ‬ٞ‫بٌخ اُجِٔخ ٓغج‬ٜٗ ً‫ ك‬SINCE ً‫ٌٌٖٔ إٔ رأر‬
 She left home in 2016 and hasn't been seen since.
= She left home in 2016 and hasn't been seen ever since.
= She left home in 2016 and hasn't been seen since then.
:ًٌِ ‫الدظ ٓب‬
Long since )ّ‫ = (ٓنبسع رب‬a long time ago )‫(ٓبمً ثغٍو‬
The people who built this temple have long since died.
= The people who built this temple died a long time ago.

SINCE ‫ ثؼذ ًِٔخ‬NOUN ‫ٌٌٖٔ اعزخذاّ اعْ كوو‬

 She has had health problems since her birth.
َ‫ ثؼذ ٓض‬ٚ‫ٌُغزخذّ أُنبسع اُزبّ ٓغ اُزؼجٍشاد اُزً رذٍ ػًِ كزشح صٍٓ٘خ ُْ ر٘ز‬
This morning/this term/this afternoon/this month/this year/today
 She has done 20 exercises this morning and it's still 11 am.
31
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
‫ذ ٗغزخذّ أُبمً اُجغٍو‬ٜ‫امذب ً إٔ اُلزشح اٗز‬ٝ ٕ‫أٓب ارا ًب‬
I met Ali earlier this morning.
‫بء اُلزشح اُقجبدٍخ‬ٜ‫ كً اُجِٔخ اُغبثوخ ٌذٍ ػًِ اٗز‬earlier ‫د ًِٔخ‬ٞ‫ج‬ٝ 
‫ب ٓغ أُبمً اُجغٍو‬ٜٓ‫اعزخذا‬ٝ ّ‫ ٓغ أُنبسع اُزب‬FOR ّ‫الدظ اُلشم ثٍٖ اعزخذا‬
She has lived in Cairo for 3 years.
She lived in Cairo for 3 years. Then she moved to Alexandria.

SINCE ‫ ثؼذ‬ING ُٚ ‫ٌٌٖٔ اعزخذاّ كؼَ ٓنبف‬

Since writing his first novel, he has become a literary star. ‫ّ األدة‬ٞ‫أدذ ٗج‬
: ‫ المضارع التام في المبني للمجهول‬ 

Have been / has been + PP

He has written the letter. The letter has been written.

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense

: ‫ يتكون المضارع التام المستمر من‬

Have/has been +V- ing

‫ ويعبر عن حدث بدأ واستمر حتي اآلن‬

 I've been studying all day.
 She has been waiting for over an hour and there's still no sign of him.

‫لتوضيح نتيجة موقف في الحاضر‬

 I've been running. That's why I'm so tired.
‫ ويعبر عن حدث استمر بشكل منتظم من الماضي الي الحاضر‬
 It's been raining a lot recently.
 I've been learning Greek for the last few months.
:‫ ويستخدم المضارع التام المستمر غالبا ً مع‬
All day / all week/ all afternoon/ all evening / for…now/for..not yet/ since /
lately / recently / over (for) the last (past) few months/How long
I have been doing this exercise for two hours and I haven't finished yet.
I have been having a lot of problems with my car lately.
She is so tired. She's been working hard all day.
It has been raining heavily for the past 3 days.
He has been studying for 5 hours now.
How long have you been learning Spanish? –For 3 years.
32
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
:‫الحظ استخدام المضارع التام فقط‬
:ً‫عندما ال يستغرق الفعل وقتا ً طويال‬- 0
 My uncle has joined the army.
:‫عندما نذكر عدد المرات التي قمنا فيها بالحدث‬- 2
 Mona has sent me three e-mails.

:‫في حالة وجود أفعال ال تستخدم في األزمنة المستمرة‬- 3

 I've known Yara since kindergarten.
:ًٌِ ‫الدظ ٓب‬- 4
I have been swimming since I was 3.
= I have been swimming from the age of 3.

1. At the age of seven, my parents (are taking – were taking – took – take) me to
Jordan.
2. At the age of seven, he (gave – was given – has given – had given) a prize for a
drawing of an animal.
3. Someone phoned me while I (cook – was cooked – am cooking – was cooking) the
dinner.
4. While my car (was mending – was being mended – has mended – had mended), I
went shopping.
5. While my mother was doing the washing up, my baby sister (was looking – has been
looked – was being looked – had looked) after.
6. I (have seen – saw – would see – was seen) him a few days ago.
7. He (didn't use to - isn't used to – used – uses) need much sleep, but he does now.
8. (Are – Is – Did – Does) you use to play with dolls?
9. While he was finishing one story, he (thinks – is thinking – was thinking – has thought)
of another one.
10. My last e-mail (send – was sending – has sent – was sent) to six people.
11. When she (is – was – was being – has been) seven, she wrote a poem which won a
prize.
12. She (writes – has written – wrote – will write) poetry for 7 years, but now she
writes novels.
13. This film (directed – had directed – was directed – was directing) by Thomas Wilson.
33
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
14. The washing machine (delivered - delivers – was delivered – had delivered) while
I was reading the newspaper.
15. While I (have come – were coming – was coming – had come) to school today, I
saw an old friend.
16. At six o'clock yesterday evening, I (was watching - am watching – have been
watching – watch) TV.
17. What (did you do – have you done – were you doing – do you do) when I called
you? You sounded very busy.
18. While my sister (does – has done – was doing – had been doing) her homework,
she was listening to music.
19. A few years ago, my parents (are lived - were lived – have lived – lived) in a small
flat in the city centre.
20. Yesterday evening, we (were revising - revised – have revised – was revising) for
our English test when all the lights went out.
21. Our school (was opening – has opened – was opened – opening) exactly 25 years
ago today.
22. Our block of flats (was built - build – has been built – was building) five years ago.
23. Yesterday, the programme (was watching - to watch – was watched – has been
watched) by a million people.
24. The room (was cleaning – was being cleaned – would clean) when the
earthquake happened.
25. My mother made me a cake. It (tasted - was tasting – is tasting – has tasted) of
lemons.
26. After leaving school yesterday, I (visit – was visiting - visited – have visited) my
grandfather.
27. I (was starting – have started – am starting – started) this school in 2016.
28. When I was younger, I used (to play – play – playing – played) tennis with my
friend.
29. Before the start of this lesson, I (spoke – have spoken – speak – was spoken) to
my English teacher.
30. Although he (spent – was spending – has spent – spends) his early childhood in
Germany, he doesn't remember anything from that time now.
31. Vegetables and fruits don't taste as delicious as they (used to be – used to do –
were used to – used to have) when I was a kid.

34
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
32. What were the two boys talking about when we (were arriving – had arrived – have
arrived – arrived).
33. Ali moved to this city five years ago, but it seems he still (hasn't – didn't – isn't –
doesn't) used to living with the heavy traffic here.
34. I have lost my pen, and I don't remember where I last (was using – used – have
used – use) it.
35. Children usually (get used to – used to – is used to – was used to) spending much
of their free time online.
36. When the film finished, I (had set – was setting - set – have set) the alarm clock and
went to bed.
37. Nora had asked all her friends for advice before she (decided – has decided – had
decided – decides) to quit her job.
38. I don't seem to be able to concentrate on my work because I (don't have – didn't
have – haven't had – wasn't having) enough sleep last night.
39. That's terrible! A four-year old boy (fall - fell – was falling – has been falling) from a
bridge while he was running after his dog.
40. The lights went out as we (were discussing – have discussed – were discussed –
discuss) the plans for the wedding.
41. I was driving on a road in the mountains when I (was running - ran – have run –
have been running) out of petrol.
42. Nora bought an ice cream and then she (went – was going – had gone – goes)
home.
43. No sooner (had the sun risen – the sun had risen – was the sun risen – the sun rose)
than the fog disappeared.
44. Something is wrong with his car, so he (has taken – has been taken – was taken – is
being taken) it to the garage.
45. The injured woman (takes – has taken – will take – has been taken) to hospital.
46. I (enjoy – am enjoying – had to enjoy – have enjoyed) reading novels since I was a
young child.
47. I (have had – had had – have to have – am having) my own computer for 3 years
now.
48. All the students in my class (are passed – are passing – were passing – have
passed) the exam already.
49. I went to the doctor's yesterday evening because I (have been feeling – was feeling
- had been feeling – feel) ill for nearly a week.
35
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
50. She (will play – was playing – has been playing – have been playing) the piano since
the age of six and she still plays every day.
51. How long (you know – do you know – have you known – have you been knowing)
Mr. Ahmed? –For ten years.
52. She (hasn't received - doesn't receive – hadn't received – has received) the prize
yet.
53. What have you been doing? –I (had been watching - have been watching – was
watching – would watch) a history of the 2016 Olympic Games on TV.
54. I (have been playing – was playing – am played – am playing) football for as long as
I can remember, but for the last few months, I've been playing squash regularly.
55. I (was trying – will be trying - have been trying – had tried) to contact you for ages.
What have you been doing?
56. My phone (hadn't worked - hasn't worked – wasn't working – isn't working) very
well since I dropped it last week.
57. I'm sorry. I (had been – was being – am being - have been) really busy recently.
58. I (have been living – was living – have been lived – had been living) in Alexandria
for ten years now.
59. I (would do – will be doing – was doing - have been doing) my homework for two
hours and I'm still doing it.
60. Mother (has been cooking – was cooking – had been cooking – cooks) since noon.
She hasn't finished yet.
61. I (read – was read – was reading - have been reading) that book you lent me and
I'm really enjoying it.
62. This author (writes - has written – was writing – is writing) several books, but I
haven't seen any of them in the shops.
63. You look tired. What have you been doing? –I've had a very busy day. I arrived at
the shop at 11 this morning and I (have been serving – has been served – was
serving - serve) customers all day. I haven't even had time for lunch.
64. What have you been doing since we last (have met – met were meeting – had met
- met)? -I've been travelling around Europe. I've visited France, Italy and Spain.
65. How long have you been learning English? – (Since – For – Yet – Already) I was
eight years old.
66. What (were you doing – are you doing - have you been studying - do you do) in
Geography recently? –I've been studying the oceans.

36
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
67. How long has your father been working for his company? –(For – Since – From –
Yet) about two years.
68. Have you finished this exercise (for – since – already – ever)? –Yes, I have finished
it.
69. They've been playing squash all morning. That's why they (look – had looked –
were looking – are looked) exhausted.
70. My brother (has just passed – has just been passing – has just been passed – is just
passing) his university exams – that's why he looks so happy.
71. We’re going to Kentucky for dinner tonight. I (was - have been – had been – will
be) there a couple of times before.
72. Have you (yet – never - ever – so far) tried to write your name and address with
your left hand?
73. It is the best decision I (have ever made – have ever done – have ever been made –
am making) in my life.
74. The company employs around 400 staff and (had recently opened – is recently
opening - has recently opened – will recently open) an office in the UK.
75. Sally and John (have just come – had just come – are just coming – had just been
coming) back from a week in Spain.
76. She (has broken – had broken – was broken – has been breaking) her arm in two
places. She can’t go out now.
77. A fire (had broken - has broken – is broken – has been broken) out at a hotel in the
city centre. The fire is burning now.
78. That house on the corner (had been - has been – is – was) empty for three years.
79. Don’t wash up that cup. I (have finished – have been finishing - haven’t finished –
hadn't finished) my coffee yet.
80. I’ve already (to book - booked – been booking – booking) my flight home.
81. He’s been (living – to live – lived – had lived) in the village since 1995.
82. She (wrote – had been writing - has been writing – would write) her autobiography
since 2018.
83. I (haven’t been eating – hadn't been eating – wasn't eating – am not eating) much
lunch lately. I’ve been going to the gym at lunchtimes.
84. She’s been playing tennis on and off ‫( أحيانا‬since - for – ever – yet) three years.
85. A: How long (do you wait – did you wait - have you been waiting – have been
waited) for me? B: For about ten minutes.
86. She's (done – been – gone – went) to visit Susan. She'll be home tomorrow.
37
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
87. He (has been telling – told – was telling – is telling) me about it for days. I wish he
would stop.
88. He's been phoning me (every week – last week - all week – per week) for an
answer.
89. The university (has been sending – has been sent – had been sending – sends)
students here for over twenty years to do work experience.
90. You (aren't getting – weren't getting – don't get - haven't been getting) good
results over the last few months.
91. She’s been terrified of the sound of aircraft ever (for - since – because – yet) the
crash.
92. (Since – Yet – Recently – Lately) you are unable to answer, perhaps we should ask
someone else.
93. They had an argument a couple of years ago and they haven't spoken (for – since –
never – just).
94. Since (left – has left – leaves – leaving) school, she has had 3 temporary jobs.
95. My friend (writes – wrote – has written – was writing) several novels. He's just
finished his seventh novel.
96. He (hasn't smoked – doesn't smoke – didn't smoke – wasn't smoking) for a week.
He's trying to give it up.
97. (Have you locked – Did you lock – Were you locking – Are you locking) the door
before you left the house?
98. I can't go out because (don't finish – didn't finish – haven't finished – won't finish)
my work yet.
99. We (had – have – have had – were having) a good time when the fire suddenly
broke out in the kitchen.
100. She finished her degree, then (has moved – was moving - moved – moves) bock to
Egypt.
101. Heba (wrote – has written – has been writing – writes) lots of novels during her
thirties. Now she is 50.
102. Karim didn't like going swimming when he (was being - was – has been – is) little.
103. (Did you often paint – Have you often painted – Have you often been painting – Do
you often pain) pictures at primary school?
104. When I was walking to school, I (was seeing – have seen - saw – had seen) a
terrible occident.

38
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
105. While I (listen – have been listening – had been listening - was listening) to the
lecture, I was making notes.
106. He is happy that he (is scoring - has scored – was scoring – had scored) a goal in
the match.
107. I've never been on a plane (since – after – until – before).
108. Salma still (doesn’t win - hasn't won – wouldn’t win – hadn’t been winning) a
professional match.
109. She's been playing football (still – before – until – since) her childhood.
110. It (is – had been – was – is being) years since we lost met! We haven't met for
years!
111. What sport (did you use to – did you get used to – were you using to – have you
used to) do when you were a child?
112. Sherif has lived in Alexandria since his parents (die – had died – died – have been
dying).
113. Ahmed Elgendy (has practised – would practise – practises – is practising)
swimming since he was six years old.
114. I (hadn’t been – hadn’t gone – wasn’t - haven't been) to Aswan for years.
115. Two weeks ago, my grandmother (has been - was – had been – was being)
seriously ill, but she is better now.
116. While I (was waiting – wait – have been waiting – had been waiting) for the bus,
my mother phoned me.
117. The company is huge. It (creates – was creating - has created – had created) a
thousand new jobs since the beginning of last year.
118. Mona (was graduated - graduated – has graduated – would graduate) from
university last month.
119. A: Would you like half my sandwich? — B: I (have just eaten – had just eaten – was
just eating – had just been eating) lunch, so I’m not hungry. Thanks for asking.
120. I started writing my essay two hours ago, and I still haven’t finished yet.

39
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

Essay Writing: Persuasive essays

1. What is the first paragraph of an essay called?

a)conclusion b)body paragraphs
c)introduction d)explanation
2. What is the last paragraph of an essay called?
a)introduction b)thesis statement
c)body paragraphs d)conclusion
3.What are the middle paragraphs of an essay called?
a)body paragraphs b)conclusion c)introduction d)topic sentence

4.A ------------ is the main idea sentence of the whole essay.

a)topic sentence b)thesis statement
c)negative sentence d)declarative sentence
5. The introductory paragraph has three parts. Which of the following is NOT part of
the paragraph?
a)thesis b)direct quote c)background d)hook
6. The last sentence of your introduction paragraph should be a ---------.
a)conclusion b)hook c)background d)thesis
7. A typical introduction includes (in order) -------------.
a) hook, background information, thesis
b) hook, background information, topic sentence
c) context, hook, thesis
d) hook, topic sentence
8.What are the parts of a body paragraph?
a) topic sentence, background sentences, thesis
b) hook, background sentences, thesis
c) topic sentence, supporting sentences, closing sentence
d) hook, background sentences, closing sentence
9. What is the purpose of persuasive writing?
a)To inform b)to convince c)to tell a story d)to ask questions
10.What is the sentence called that tells the main idea or point of view of the whole essay?
a)declarative b)imperative c)thesis d)interrogative

41
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
11.What are the components of a persuasive essay?
a) Argument, Details, Thesis
b) Topic sentence, Details, Concluding Sentence
c) Introduction, Thesis Statement, Body Paragraphs, Conclusion
d) All of the above
12.How many body paragraphs do you need, at least, in a persuasive essay?
a)3 b)four c)5 d)6
13.Which two paragraphs are the most similar?
a) Introduction and Conclusion
b) None of the paragraphs are similar.
c) Conclusion and Body Paragraphs
d) Introduction and Body Paragraphs
14. Which sentence in this introduction paragraph is the thesis statement?
The average family spends $1500 a year on clothes for school. In this
economy, that seems like a lot of money! Many people argue that students should
wear uniforms to school instead of their own clothes. Wearing school uniforms saves
families money, reduces bullying, and allows students to focus on academics instead of
style. For these reasons, all students should be required to wear uniforms to school.

a) In this economy, that seems like a lot of money!

b) Many people argue that students should wear uniforms to school instead of their
own clothes.
c) Wearing school uniforms saves families money, reduces bullying, and allows
students to focus on academics instead of style.
d) For these reasons, all students should be required to wear uniforms to school.
15. Which statement best supports the argument that ‘all schools should be within
walking distance of students homes’?
a) Students can sleep later.
b) It gives more people jobs.
c) It reduces pollution and increases physical activity.
d) No students can use the excuse that they missed the bus.
16. What should the first paragraph of your essay be?
a)Conclusion b)opinion c)information d)introduction
17. A clear assertive sentence that your essay is written around is called -----------.
a)global statement b)concluding statement c)thesis d)topic sentence
41
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
18. Words and phrases such as ‘whilst, finally, consequently, to conclude, secondly,
personally, firstly and due to’ are called ----------.
a) transition words b)additional words
c) negative phrases d)prepositions
19. In a persuasive essay, each main paragraph usually starts with a 'topic sentence' to
--------------.
a) introduce the main idea of the paragraph
b) give clear examples
c) persuade the reader to take an action
d) present a fact as an opinion

20. Which sentence uses the conjunction ‘so’ correctly?

a) My sister knocked over her glass of milk so she helped clean it up.
b) We watched television inside so the storm came up suddenly.
c) My friend was very excited so he won the game.
d) We arrived at the movie on time so we left the house early.
21. Examples and supporting statements are included in ----------
a) body paragraphs b)narrative paragraphs
c) the first paragraph d)the concluding paragraph

22. In the ----------, you can suggest a solution or an action.

a)body paragraphs b)first paragraph
c)conclusion d) second paragraph
23. You restate the thesis of your essay in different words in the --------.
a) conclusion b) introduction c)body paragraphs d) second paragraph
24. In the introduction of a persuasive essay, you -------------.
a) present both opinions briefly
b) present your personal point of view only
c) give too many examples
d) tell the reader to read your essay carefully
25. Which one of the following would be a good thesis statement for a persuasive
essay?
a) Charles Dickens was an English writer.
b) Charles Dickens included descriptions of poverty in many of his novels.
c) ‘Oliver Twist’ was written by Charles Dickens in the late 1830s.
d) ‘Oliver Twist’ should be required reading for all students.
42
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
26. In the body paragraphs of a persuasive essay, --------.
a) you restate the thesis of your essay
b) you give reasons to support your opinion
c) you use informal language
d) you shouldn’t use transition words
27. Transition words are used to -----------.
a) show contrasting ideas only
b) show addition only
c) link together different ideas in your essay
d) avoid writing short sentences
28. What is a thesis statement?
a) A question that requires an answer
b) A summary of the main idea
c) A statement that explains the main idea of an essay
d) A suggestion that you should read the essay
29. A writer who uses persuasion attempts to ---------.
a) teach you how to make or do something
b) influence you to do or believe something
c) inform you about historic or current events
d) tell a story
30. What is a hook?
a) The sentence that is the main idea of an essay.
b) The sentence that ends the essay.
c) A sentence that gets the reader's attention.
d) A sentence that shows contrast.

Test on Unit ONE

A- Vocabulary and Structure
Choose the correct answer:
1.I heard Sally got promoted! (Are you used to – Did you use to - Have you been used to
- Are you getting used) having her as your boss yet?
2.I've been a nurse for two years but I don't know if I will ever (get used to working –
used to work – be used for working – have used to work) night shifts.
43
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
3.Even though I loved my old job, I couldn’t (use to – have used to - get used to – use
for) the long hours.
4.I (am looking – was looking – had been looking - have been looking) at other options
recently.
5.I (have broken – broke – had broken – have been breaking) my watch so I don't know
what time it is.
6.That’s the first time I (saw – was seen - have been seeing - have seen) you get angry.
7. Since the modern Olympics began over a hundred years ago athletes (have been
getting – are getting – were getting – had been getting) faster and stronger.
8.I (write – am writing – was writing – have written) stories for as long as I can
remember.
9.We (miss – had missed – are missing – have missed) the bus. Now, we'll have to walk.
10. A: I can't wait any longer for the bus. I'm going to walk. B: Have you been waiting a
long time? A: Yes, I (stood – had stood - have been standing – were standing) here
for two hours.
11. I feel really tired. I still (didn’t recover - haven’t recovered – wasn’t recovering –
don’t recover) from fever. ‫ال ُحمي‬
12. I (drank – had drunk – was drinking - have drunk) 3 cups of coffee this morning and
it's only 10 o'clock.
13. Nora (has been to – has been in – has gone to – is going to) London for two years
now, studying for her degree.
14. (Since – Yet – Ever – Never) breathing is something we do automatically, we rarely
think about it.
15. The windows at school (have to clean – were cleaned – cleaned – has been cleaned)
this morning.
16. My father (is taking – has taken – took – takes) me to the football match two days
ago.
17. There was a strong smell and the sound of frying. Obviously Mrs. Jones (cooks –
was cooking – has cooked – was cooked) fish.
18. We (miss – had missed – are missing – have missed) the bus. Now, we'll have to
walk.
19. The conclusion of a persuasive essay should (provide new ideas – leave the reader
wondering – include a call to action – include some questions).
20. A persuasive essay should consider the opposing side and include (a similar
argument – a weak argument - a counter argument – an illogical argument).
44
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

21. Which of the following sentences is correctly structured?

a) He has been in London for 3 months.
b) He has been to London. He’s still there.
c) He has gone to London. He came back two days ago.
d) He is being in London at the moment.
22. Which of the following sentences is correctly structured?
a) She’s done the job already, hasn’t she.
b) She’s done the job already, hasn’t she?
c) She’s done the job already: hasn’t she.
d) She’s done the job already; hasn’t she.
23. He (misunderstood - misled – misbehaved – mistreated) me into thinking he was
rich.
24. Ahmed was accused of having (pretended – intended - pirated – commented) the
scientist’s work.
25. There is little doubt that most media coverage is (based – biased – placed –
displaced).
26. Moving to a new house is a very (stress – stressing – stressed –
stressful) experience.
27. A writer should avoid using (emotional – fictional – formal – native) language to
convince the reader of his or her point of view.
28. The management had no intention of meeting the employees’ (questions –
complaints – demands – replies).
29. Millions of pounds are spent (with – at – in – on) education and healthcare.
30. There's really only one (root - route – rate – tote) from the north to the south of the
country.
B- Reading Comprehension
Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease is for people
to wash their hands with soap and water.
The World Bank, the United Nations, and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical
Medicine carried out a study to urge hand washing around the world. They say that
programs to increase hand washing with soap could be among the most effective ways to
reduce infectious diseases. They say that one-million lives could be saved each year if
people washed their hands with soap often.

45
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
Doctors say many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand-washing. These
include influenza, the common cold, hepatitis and infectious diarrhea.
Hand washing destroys germs from other people, animals or objects a person has
touched. When people get bacteria on their hands, they can infect themselves by
touching their eyes, nose or mouth. Then these people can infect other people.
The experts say the easiest way to catch a cold is to touch your nose or eyes after
someone nearby has sneezed or coughed. Another way to become sick is to eat food
prepared by someone whose hands were not clean.
The experts say that hand washing is especially important before and after preparing
food, before eating and after using the toilet. People should wash their hands after
handling animals or animal waste, and after cleaning a baby. The experts say it is also a
good idea to wash your hands after handling money and after sneezing or coughing. And
it is important to wash your hands often when someone in your home is sick.
The experts say the most effective way to wash your hands is to rub them together after
using soap and warm water. They say you do not have to use special anti-bacterial soap.
Be sure to rub all areas of the hands for about ten to fifteen seconds. The soap and the
rubbing action remove germs. Rinse the hands with water and dry them.
Experts say that people using public bathrooms should dry their hands with a paper towel
and use the towel to turn off the water. They also advise using the paper towel to open
the bathroom door before throwing the towel away.
Choose the correct answer:
1-The best title to this passage could be:
a) paper towels b) infectious diseases
c) health programmes d) the importance of hand swashing
2-Hand-washing with soap could be among the most effective ways to -------- infectious
diseases.
a) induce b) reduce c) deduce d) produce
3-The underlined word 'they' refers to:
a) experts b) hand c) bacteria d) germs
4-We understand from the passage that ordinary soap is ------------- anti-bacterial soap.
a) less effective than b) more effective than
c) as effective as d) not as effective as
5-The closest synonym to the underlined words ‘carried out’ is ------------.
a) invented b) contacted c) connected d) conducted
46
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
6-The closest antonym to the underlined word ‘effective’ is -----------.
a) unfruitful b) incredible c) unequal d) unexplained
7-According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
a)Hands must be washed after handling animals.
b)After someone near you coughs or sneezes, you mustn’t touch your eyes.
c)It is inadvisable to wash your hands after handling money.
d)Many communicable diseases can be avoided by hand washing.
8- A person who is very knowledgeable about a particular area is called a/an --------.
a) geologist b) expert c) physicist d) physician
Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
The sun seems to be a quiet ball of light and heat. It tans sunbathers and helps plants
grow. But our nearest star is hard to understand. It is a loudly exploding ball of fiery gas.
Sometimes it whips up big storms on its surface. This stormy weather can cause
problems on Earth. Solar storms can make compass needles point the wrong way. They
can even knock out electric and phone service. Now scientists are using tools on Earth to
“look inside” the sun. A weatherman can predict rain and snow. Someday they may be
able to forecast solar storms.

SOHO is a spacecraft packed with telescopes. It circles the sun taking pictures.
Scientists were surprised by what they found. SOHO found rivers and winds of super-hot
gas beneath the surface of the sun. Scientists will learn even more of the sun’s secrets.
On August 25, 1997, NASA launched another craft that tracks the solar wind. These are
fiery particles of the sun that fly through the solar system. They affect weather on the
planets. Scientists hope to predict solar weather. They will learn its effects on Earth.
“We used to think the inside of the sun was fairly simple,” says Arizona astronomer John
Harvey. “But that was before we had the capability to see into it.”

A ) Choose the best answer from a, b, c or d:

1. Does the sun have loud explosions?
a. yes b. no c. no one really knows d. only in the summer
2. What troubles can the sun cause on Earth?
a. It can make compass needles point the wrong way.
b. It can affect electric power.
c. It can affect phone service.
d. all of the above

47
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
3. What do astronomers want to predict?
a. rain and snow b. the Earth’s weather
c. solar storms d. the size of the sun
4. Solar wind is
a. like a windy day on Earth. b. fiery particles of the sun.
c. strong wind on Earth caused by the sun. d. inside the sun.
5. What spacecraft circles the sun?
a. NASA b. a telescope c. SOHO d. the solar craft
6. Predict means to
a. guess. b. study. c. learn about. d. see.
7. Which word means the same or almost the same as predict?
a. storm b. forecast c. effect d. solar
8. A solar storm is a storm on/in
a. the sun. b. the earth. c. another planet. d. the solar system.
A)Translate into Arabic:
1-Globalization in its current form has been partly responsible for the widening gap
between rich and poor countries. ً
.‫الفقية‬
‫ر‬ ‫تعتي العولمة بشكلها المعتاد مسئولة جزئيا عن اتسـاع الفجوة ربي الدول الغنية والدول‬-
ً
.‫الفقية‬
‫ر‬ ‫تعتي العولمة بشكلها الحاأل مسئولة كليا عن اتسـاع الفجوة ربي الدول الغنية والدول‬-
ً
.‫الفقية‬‫ر‬ ‫تعتي العولمة بشكلها الحاأل مسئولة جزئيا عن ضيق الفجوة ربي الدول الغنية والدول‬-
ً
.‫الفقية‬
‫ر‬ ‫تعتي العولمة بشكلها الحاأل مسئولة جزئيا عن اتسـاع الفجوة ربي الدول الغنية والدول‬-

2- Renewable sources of energy should be considered as one of the key elements in the
overall strategy for sustainable development.
‫ر‬
.‫االسياتيجية الشاملة للتنمية المستدامة‬ ‫ان مصادر الطاقة المتجددة يجر اعتبارها أخد العنا الهامشية ف‬-
‫ر‬
.‫ان مصادر الطاقة المتجددة يجر اعتبارها أخد العنا األساسية ف االسياتيجية الشاملة للتنمية المستدامة‬-
.‫االسياتيجية المحددة للتنمية المستدامة‬‫ر‬ ‫ان مصادر الطاقة المتجددة يجر اعتبارها أخد العنا األساسية ف‬-
‫ر‬
.‫االسياتيجية الشاملة للتنمية المستدامة‬ ‫األساسية ف‬ ‫غي المتجددة يجر اعتبارها أخد العنا‬
‫ان مصادر الطاقة ر‬-
B) Translate into English:
.‫ ينبغي علي الشباب تعلُم مهارات جديدة لكي يكونوا قادرين علي مواجهة المنافسة الشرسة في سوق العمل‬- 1
a) Young men must teach new skills to be able to face the strong competition in the
labour market.
b) Young men must learn new skills to be able to resist the strong competition in the
labour market.

48
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba
c) Young men must learn new skills to be able to face the strong competition in the
labour market.
d) Young men must learn new skills to be able to face the strong competition in the
labour marketing.
.‫ يجب علي الناس التبرع بالدم ألن ذلك يساعد في إنقاذ حياة الكثير من البشر‬- 2
a) People should donate blood because this helps to save the lives of many people.
b) People should donate blood although this helps to save the lives of many people.
c) People should donate blood besides this helps to save the lives of many people.
d) People should donate blood the reason this helps to save the lives of many people.

Good Luck!

Coming Soon!

49
Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 1 – 2022 Mr. Essam Wahba

References:
1-Patricia Chappell and Claire Hart, 2021, New Hello Year 3, Student’s Book: Egyptian
International Publishing Company –Longman.
2-Paul Ashe and Matthew Hancock, 2021, New Hello Year 3, Student’s Workbook:
Egyptian International Publishing Company –Longman.
3-Raymond Murphy, 2019, 5th ed. English Grammar in Use: Cambridge University
Press.
4-John Eastwood, 1994, Oxford Guide to English Grammar: Oxford University Press.
5-Ronald Carter & Michael MacCarthy, 2006, Cambridge Grammar of English:
Cambridge University Press.
6-Michael Swan, 2009, 3 rd edition, Practical English Usage: Oxford University Press.
7-John Eastwood, 2002, Oxford Practice Grammar: Oxford University Press.
8- https://www.merriam-webster.com/ online dictionary
9- https://www.collinsdictionary.com/ online dictionary
10- https://www.ldoceonline.com/ online dictionary
11- https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ online dictionary
12- https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ online dictionary
13- https://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/ online dictionary
14- https://www.dictionary.com/ online dictionary
rd
15-Mark Connelly, 2013, 3 edition, Get Writing – Paragraphs & Essays: Wadsworth
Cengage Learning.
16-Penny Hands, 2011, Collins Easy Learning Grammar & Punctuation: Harper-Collins
Publishers.

51