1

flourish ‫ﻏﺞدﻊ‬ verb ‫ﺸﺳﻀ‬

production ‫اﻇﺎ ج‬ noun ‫اﺠﻃ‬
distance learning ‫ا ﺎﺳﻂﻃ ﺲﻆ ﺳﺛ‬ pronoun ‫ﻐ‬
trade ‫ا ﺎﺔ رة‬ adjective ‫ ﺦ ﺋ‬/ ‫ﻇﺳﺌ‬
hinder ‫ ﻏﺳ ﺻﻀ‬/ ‫ﻏﺳﻌق‬ adverb ‫ﺖل‬/‫ف‬
progress ‫ﺼﺛم‬ prepositions ‫ﺖ وف ا ﺔ‬
knowledge ‫ﻄﺳ ﺸﺋ‬ articles (‫أدوات )ا ﻈﺿ ة وا ﺳ ﺸﺋ‬
behave ‫ﻏﺎﺧ ف‬ transitions (conjunctions) ‫روا‬
means of transport ‫وﺠ ﻀ ا ﻈﺼﻀ‬ interjections ‫أ ظ ا ﺎﺳﺔﺈ‬
recognise ‫ﻏﺎﺳ ف ﺲﻂ‬ determiners ‫ﻄﺗﺛدات‬
enable ‫ ﻏﺂﻊﻀ‬/ ‫ﻏ ﺿﻆ‬ punctuation ‫ﺲﻘﻄ ت ا ﺎ ﺻﻐﻃ‬
invention ‫ا ﺎ اع‬ full stop  period ‫ا ﻈﺼ ﺋ‬
lead ‫ رﺦ ص‬/ ‫ ﻏﺼﻌد‬/ ‫ ﻏﺳﻐﺢ‬/ ‫ﻏﺗﻐ‬ exclamation mark ‫ﺲﻘﻄﺋ ا ﺎﺳﺔﺈ‬
fantastic ‫را‬ question mark ‫ﺲﻘﻄﺋ اﻗﺠﺎ ﻋ م‬
monuments ‫آﺐ ر‬ subject ‫ﺸ ﺲﻀ‬
increase ‫ ﻏﺞﻏﺛ‬/ ‫زﻏ دة‬ object ‫ﻄ ﺳﻌل‬
population growth ‫ا ﻈ ﻌ ا ﺿ ﻇﻎ‬ recording ‫ﺔﻐﻀ‬
social problems ‫ﻄﺤﺿﻘت ا ﺎ ﺲﻐﺋ‬ constant ‫ﻄ ﺎ‬
paraphrase ‫ﻏﺳﻐﺛ ﺦﻐ ﺋ‬ piracy ‫ﺻ ﺦﻈﺋ‬
swan ‫ﺔﺳﺋ‬ sue ‫ﻏﺼ‬
hurricane ‫اﺲﺧ ر‬ greedy ‫ﺤ‬
unprotected ‫ﻐ ﻄﺗ ﻎ‬ advertising ‫أﺲﻘن‬
events ‫اﺖﺛاث‬ analyze ‫ﻏﺗﻂﻀ‬
traditional ‫ﺼﻂﻐﺛى‬ authentic ‫أﺦﻂﻎ‬
beliefs ‫ﻄﺳﺎﺼﺛات‬ product ‫ﻄﻈﺎﺒ‬
researcher ‫ﺖ‬ culprit ‫ ﻇﻎ‬/ ‫ﻄﺜﻇﺈ‬
bark ‫ ﺗ ء‬/ ‫ﻏﻈﺊ‬ illiteracy ‫اﻓﻄﻐﺋ‬
investigation ‫ﺗﻏت‬ get rid of ‫ﻄﻆ‬ ‫ ﻏﺎﺚﻂ‬/ ‫ﻏﺼﺪﻎ ﺲﻂﻎ‬
bite ‫ ﻏﺳﺨ‬/ ‫ﺲﺪﺋ‬ horizon ‫ ﻄﺛارك‬/ ‫آﺸ ق‬
aggressive ‫ ﺲﺛواﻇﻎ‬/ ‫ﺲﺛا‬ widespread ‫ ﻄﻈﺎﺤ‬/ ‫ﺣ‬
pond ‫ﺾﺋ‬ reduce ‫ﻏﺼﻂﻀ‬
according to ‫ﺬﺊﺼ ً ـ‬ symptoms ‫اﺲ اض‬
link ‫ ﻏ‬/ ‫را‬ suitable ‫ ﻄﻘ ﻃ‬/ ‫ﻄﻈ ﺠﺈ‬
methods ‫ أﺠ ﻐﺈ‬/ ‫ﺬ ق‬ freelance ‫ ﻄ ﺎﺼﻀ‬/ ‫ﺖ‬

2
 :‫ﻐ ﺋ ﺎﺿﻌن ﻄﻆ ﺐﻘﺐﺋ أ ﺞاء أﺠ ﺠﻐﺋ ﻄﺑﻀ‬ ‫ﻂﺋ‬ ‫ﺠﻌاء ﺾ ﻇﺌ‬
ً ‫ ﻗ ﺛ ﻄﻆ ﺗﺛﻏﺛ أ ﺞاء ا ﺔ ﻂﺋ‬
        ‫ا ﺔ ﻂﺋ‬
Aya had a hot meal. .‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﺁﻳﺔ ﻭﺟﺒﺔ ﺣﺎﺭﺓ‬
Egyptians like their country. .‫ﻳﺤﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻠﺪﻫﻢ‬
His teacher has punished him. .‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻋﺎﻗﺒﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﻪ‬
:‫ﻂﺋ ﺬﻌﻏﻂﺋ ﻄﺑﻀ‬ ‫ أو ﺾ ﻇﺌ‬

   ‫ﺿ ﻂﺋ ا ﺔ ﻂﺋ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻑ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻑ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻑ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠـــﺖ ﺃﺻـــﺪﻗﺎﺋﻲ ﻓـــﻲ ﺍﻟﻨـــﺎﺩﻱ‬
I met my friends happily in the club last week. .‫ﺑﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻰ‬
He studied the lesson hard in his room yesterday. .‫ﺫﺍﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﺠﺪ ﻓﻰ ﻏﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺃﻣﺲ‬

         

 Ahmed likes travelling abroad. The subject ‫ﺲﻀ‬ ‫ا‬
 We met our friends at home.

           
 They have made an accident. The verb ‫ا ﺳﻀ‬
 I will visit you next week.

          

 Mai studied the lesson. The object ‫ﺳﻌل‬ ‫ا‬
 I call them every day.

         

 She spoke politely. Adverb of manner ‫ف ا ﺿﻐ ﻐﺋ‬
 Toka speaks English well.

      

 She walked politely in the street. Adverb of place ‫فا ﺿ ن‬
 All the passengers went ashore.

      

 We travel to Aswan in winter. Adverb of time ‫ف ا ﺞﻄ ن‬
 Yesterday, I visited my uncle.

3
 .‫ﻐﺋ‬ ‫ذﻊﺊﺌ ا ا ﻐﻈ ا ﺔ ﺳﺋ ا‬ 1
a I went last Friday to the cinema. b Went I to the cinema last Friday.
c last Friday, I to the cinema went. d I went to the cinema last Friday.
. ‫زرت ﺲﻂﻎ أﻄﺟ ﺸﻎ ﻄﻈﺞ‬ 2
a Visited Ali in his house yesterday. b Ali visited me in his house yesterday.
c I visited Ali in his house yesterday. d I visited in his house yesterday Ali.
. ‫اﻇﻋ ﺎﺧ ف ﺤﺿﻀ ﻄﺂدب اﻓن ﻊﻈ‬ 3
a She here now behaves politely. b She behaves politely here now.
c Now, she behaves her politely. d She behaves polite there now.
.‫إن ا ﺼ اءة ﻊ ﻄ ﺎ ح ا ﺳ ﺸﺋ وا ﺳ ﻀ ا ﺔ د ﻊﻌ ا ﻏﺺ إ ا ﺳ دة‬ 4
a Reading is the key to knowledge and hardly work is the path to happy.
b Reading is the key to knowledge and hard work the bath to happiness.
c Reading the key to knowledge and hard work is the path to happiness.
d Reading is the key to knowledge and hard work is the path to happiness.
. ‫ﺛﻏﻈ ا ﺿﺑﻐ ﻄﻆ ا ﺤﺿﻘت اﻗ ﺎ ﺲﻐﺋ ا ﺎﻎ ﺳﻌق أي ﺼﺛم ﻄﺎﻌﺻ‬ 5
a We have a lot of social problems that hinder any progress expected.
b We have a lot of social problems that hinder any expected progress.
c We have a lot of social problem that hinder some expected progress.
d Have we a lot of social problems that hinder any expected progress?
.‫ﺲﺛ وﺠ ﻀ ا ﻈﺼﻀ ا ﺗﺛﻏﺑﺋ ا ﺎﺔ رة ﺲﻂﻎ ا ﻈ ﻌ واﻗزدﻊ ر‬ 6
a Help modern means of transport trade to grow and flourish.
b Means modern of transport help trade to grow and flourish.
c Modern means of transport helps trade to grow and flourish.
d Modern means of transport help trade to grow and flourish.
7 Tourists visit Egypt to see its fantastic ancient monuments.
       b        a
       d        c
8 Distance learning will become more widespread in the near future.
         b          a
         d         c
9 We should make full use of our population growth to increase production.
        b          a
        d          c
10 Modern inventions enable us to lead a better and comfortable life.
          a
           b
          c
          d

4
 do or make

the shopping  friends  

a favour   a suggestion  
damage     a promise  

(does - doing - did - done)

(makes - making - made)

repairs   a plan 
   

make
accounts arrangements
an operation    do parts  
work   a difference  
a job   a decision  
things   a mistake 
a project    money  
research  change 

1 I am sure my brother .................... well in yesterday’s test.

a solved b gave c did d made
2 Teachers show students how to .................... research online.
a make b do c sit d let
3 If you weren't a teacher, what job would you .................... ?
a work b cause c do d make
4 Mai promised me to .................... her best in her next exams.
a make b does c do d made
5 He hoped the project would .................... money.
a make b give c do d does
6 Freelance workers have to .................... their own accounts.
a do b get c make d take
7 Ali as well as his friends .................... clever plans.
a do b does c make d makes
8 Everyone .................... mistakes when they’re learning something new.
a make b makes c do d does
9 .................... exercise a part of your daily routine.
a Make b Do c Making d Doing
10 .................... exercise is a part of my daily routine.
a Make b Do c Making d Doing
realise ‫ ﻳﻔﻬﻢ‬/ ‫ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ‬- recognise (‫ ﺷﻲﺀ‬/ ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ )ﺷﺨﺺ‬
11 Do you .................... you're an hour late?
a release b recognise c realise d specialise
12 It was malaria, but Dr Ali hadn't .................... the symptoms.
a released b realised c specialised d recognised
13 He has changed so much that I couldn't .................... him.
a recognise b release c realise d specialize

5
  Punctuation marks are symbols that we use in written language.

 We use them to make the meaning clear.


Full stop / Period . 

Question mark ?  
Exclamation mark !  

1 Full stop = Period (.) (‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ )ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬

We can use a full stop (.)

 at the end of declarative, imperative and conditional sentences:

 Yasser and Peter went to the club an hour ago.
 after abbreviation: 
 My grandson Ahmad was born in Jan. 2020.
 in initials for personal names: 
 T.S. Eliot (Tomas Stearns Eliot) was a poet.  Let’s find an A.T.M.
 In British English, full stops are placed outside the final quotation mark.
 .:‫ ﻗﺖﺮ‬
 The general manager said,"This is a great day for the company".
(.) :‫ ﻗﺖﺮ‬
 
 USA (British)  U.S.A. (American)  Mr (British)  Mr. (American)
 (.):‫ ﻗﺖﺮ‬
 Ali called me at 9 a.m.
 (?)(.):‫ ﻗﺖﺮ‬
 What Toka said was a mistake.
2 Question Mark (?) ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎﻡ‬

We can use a question mark (?)

 at the end of question 
 When did Amani leave?  Do you like pasta?
 at the end of tag question 
 You seem busy now, don’t you?
 (?)(.)(inversion) :‫ ﻗﺖﺮ‬
 Were I rich, I’d buy a car.

6
 3 Exclamation mark (!) ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺠﺐ‬

We can use an exclamation mark (!)

 after a command, an interjection, or what shows surprise or anger
.‫ ﺳﺛ أﻄ أو ﺳﺔﺈ أو ﻄ ﻏﺰﻋ ا ﺛﻊﺤﺋ أو ا ﺶﺪﺈ‬
 “Look out behind you!” she yelled.
 I’m so excited to go to the park tomorrow!
 If you come to work late again, you’ll be fired! (anger )
 Leave me alone! (anger )
 Jana, don’t play with your food! (strict command  )
 Wow! (Great! - Oh, my god!) ()
 What an amazing place!  What a beautiful house! How beautiful she sings!
(!)(?)(.)  :‫ ﻗﺖﺮ‬

 Ali and I met yesterday.     (I) 
 They travelled abroad.     
 Study hard. Don’t waste your time.      
 Ali said, “We will visit you tomorrow”.       
 Do you like pasta?    
 I called Ali and Mai.     
 Asia is the biggest continent in the world.     
 Egypt has strong ties with Sudan.     
 Rome is one of the world's most beautiful capitals.     
 Al Daifi is from Beni Suef.     
 The Pacific Ocean is the world's largest ocean.     
 The Red Sea is joined to the Mediterranean Sea by     
the Suez Canal.
 The River Nile is the longest river in the world.     
 Lake Nasser is a man-made lake.     
 The Sphinx is a stone statue that stands in Giza.     
 Ahmed is Egyptian but Tom is American.     
 Toka likes English but she can’t stand French.     
 We like to visit our relatives on Fridays.      
 My father died in October.      
 King Abdullah ruled Jordan.      
 Where will you stay? When will you arrive?        
 Mr - Dr - Prof     
 TV - IT - CV   
 ‘Oliver’ is the main character in ‘Oliver Twist’.       
 I have a Samsung, but my wife has an Oppo.       

7
1 We use the question mark (?) .................... .
a to express opinion. b at the end of a statement.
c to show certainty. d at the end of a question.
2 Which sentence must be ended with a full stop (.)?
a Why did you come late yesterday c What a fashionable dress
b She wondered where I had hidden the documents d How great
3 Which of the following is punctuated correctly?
a What a nice day, b What a nice day.
c What a nice day! d What a nice day?
4 We use a .................... after an interjection, or what shows surprise or anger.
a question mark b exclamation mark c comma d full stop
5 Which of the following has the correct ending punctuation marks?
a Were they faster, they'd catch up with their friends?
b Were they faster, they'd catch up with their friends!
c Were they faster, they'd catch up with their friends.
d Were they faster, they'd catch up with their friends:
6 We use a full stop (.) .................... .
a at the end of a statement b to show certainty
c to show surprise or excitement d at the end of a question
7 Which of the following has the correct ending punctuation marks?
a No sooner had I studied, i slept. b No sooner had I studied, I slept?
c No sooner had I studied, I slept. d no sooner had I studied, I slept.
8 We use the exclamation mark (!) .....................
a to show surprise or excitement b to show certainty
c at the end of a statement d at the end of a question
9 Which of the following sentences has the correct punctuation marks?
a Did you say, “Ahmed won first prize in the painting competition!”
b Did you say, “Ahmed won first prize in the painting competition” .
c Did you say, “Ahmed won first prize in the painting competition?”
d Did you say, “Ahmed won first prize in the painting competition”?
10 Which can be used in the blanks: He found his book, didn’t he ....................
a a full stop b a question mark c an exclamation mark d an apostrophe
11 Which of the following has the correct ending punctuation mark?
a Had she enough time, she 'd help you; b Had she enough time, she'd help you?
c Had she enough time, she'd help you! d Had she enough time, she'd help you.
12 Wow .................... You got the full marks.
a ? b : c ; d !
13 Which of the following has correct punctuation marks?
a There is a substantial difference between the two, but is there necessarily a conflict!
b there is a substantial difference between the two, but is there necessarily a conflict?
c There is a substantial difference between the two, but is there necessarily a conflict.
d There is a substantial difference between the two, but is there necessarily a conflict?
14 Which sentence is punctuated correctly?
a Ali said, “Did my friend call yesterday?” b Ali said, “Did my friend call yesterday.”
c Ali said, “Did my friend call yesterday”? d Ali said, “did my friend call yesterday?”

8
 Noun Verb Adverb
Preposition
    
Pronoun Adjective Article Conjunction
   

:(‫ ﻄﺔ د‬/ ‫د‬ / ‫ ﻄﺿ ن‬/ ‫ ﺖﻐﻌان‬/ ‫ن‬‫ ﺾﻂ ﺋ ﺎﺚﺛم ﻂﺎ ﻐﺋ وﻏﺤ ﻀ اﺠﻃ )اﻇ‬:‫ اﻗﺠﻃ‬
: ‫ ﻏ ﺿﻆ ﺼ ﻐﻃ اﻗﺠﻃ ﺤﺿﻀ ﺲ م إ‬
The proper noun   Ali - Aya - Egypt - Africa - Cairo... etc.      
animal - bird - book - car - child - man - woman - boy - girl -
The common noun  
pen - river - tree - town ..... etc.     
The material noun   glass - gold - iron - milk - salt - water - tea...etc.  
beauty - courage - death - fear - happiness - life - love - evil
The abstract noun  
- freedom..... etc.      

: ‫إ‬ ‫ﺎﺚﺛم ﺛﻗ ﻄﻆ اﻗﺠﻃ و ﺗﻀ ﻄﺗﻂ وﻏ ﺿﻆ ﺼ ﻐﻃ ا ﺪ‬ ‫ ا ﺪ ﻐ ﺲﺊ رة ﺲﻆ ﺾﻂ ﺋ‬

Object Reflexive Indefinite

Pronouns
Pronouns pronouns
Subject
  Possessive     
Pronouns
Pronouns Relative
 
  Demonstrative Pronouns
Pronouns  
 

Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive

Pronouns Pronouns adjectives Pronouns Pronouns
         
I  me my... mine myself
He  him his... his himself
She  her her... hers herself
It    it its... ------ itself
yourself 
You    you your... yours
yourselves 
They  them their... theirs themselves
We  us our... ours ourselves
One     one one's... one's oneself

9
 .‫ﺎﺚﺛم ﻂﺎﺳﺊﻐ ﺲﻆ ﺖ ﺾﺋ أو ﺖ ﺋ أو ﺖﺛث و ﻎ ﺸﻎ زﻄﻆ ﻄﺗﺛد‬ ‫ ا ﺳﻀ ﺲﺊ رة ﺲﻆ ﺾﻂ ﺋ‬
 He works hard.  I will take you with me.
. ‫د وا ﺔ‬ ‫ﺲﻀ ﻄﻆ ﺖﻐ ا‬ ‫ ﻗﺖﺮ أن ا ﺳﻀ ﻏﺎﺊ ا‬
 I suppose you are right.  He has gone home.
:‫ﻊ اً ﺚﻘف ا ﻂﺶﺋ ا ﺳ ﻐﺋ ا ﺎﻎ ﻏ ﺿﻆ أن ﻏﺿﻌن ا ﺳﻀ ﺸﻐﻋ ﻄ ﺎﺎ اً ﻄﺑﻀ‬ ‫ ﻗ ﺛ أن ﻏﺿﻌن ا ﺳﻀ‬
 He is a teacher.    They are doctors.  
Forms of verbs ‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻌـﻞ‬

   

Infinitive      visit eat have be
     -am
have
Present  visit (s) eat (s) -is
  s     has
-are
ed     -was
Past  visited ate had
    -were
ed    
Past Participle   visited eaten had been
   
Present Participle
  ing  visiting eating having being
 

‫أﻇﻌاع ا ﺳﻀ‬
Types of
       verbs       
Main verb Helping verb + Main verb

 Ali speaks English fluently.        speaks
 He is reading a novel.
reading   is        is reading
 I have been studying English all day.
      have been studying

:‫ا ﺧ ﺋ ﺻﺊﻀ ا ﻌﺦﻌف أو ﺳﺛ اﻓﺸﺳ ل ا ﺎ ﻐﺋ‬ ‫ ا ﺧ ﺋ ﻊﻎ ﺾﻂ ﺋ ﺧﺷ اﻗﺠﻃ وا ﺪ ﻐ و‬

V. to be - look - seem - sound - appear - become - stay - feel
- taste - smell - touch - fall - grow - turn - how - go - get - come
 He bought a new flat.  She was a clever student.
 Toka seems ill.  He gets tired quickly.
. ً ‫ ﻄﺜﺾ اً أو ﻄﺂﻇﺑ‬، ً ‫ ﻗ ﻏﺗﺛث أى ﺶﻐﻐ ﻂﺧ ﺋ ﺠﻌاء ﺾ ن ا ﻌﺦﻌف ﻄ داً أو ﺳ‬
 He is clever.  She is clever.  They are clever.

10
 :‫ﺻﺊﻀ ا ﺧ ﺋ أو ﺳﺛ ا ﺳﻀ اﻓﺠ ﺠﻎ‬ ‫ ا ﺗ ل ﻊﻌ ﺾﻂ ﺋ ﺧﺷ ا ﺳﻀ أو ا ﺧ ﺋ و‬
 He runs quickly.  She is extremely intelligent.
:‫( إ ا ﺧ ﺋ‬y / ly / ily) ‫ ا ﺗ ل أو ا ﺰ ف ﺊ ً ﻄﺤﺎﺺ ﻄﻆ ا ﺧ ﺋ ﺲﻆ ﺬ ﻏﺺ إ ﺸﺋ‬
- quiet  quietly - quick  quickly
- slow  slowly - happy  happily
in a ...... way - manner : ‫ ﺎﺗﻌل ﺲﻆ ﺬ ﻏﺺ‬ly ‫ ﻗﺖﺮ أن ا ﺧ ﺋ ا ﻈﺎﻋﻐﺋ ـ‬
 in a friendly way - manner
:‫ ﻊﻈ ك ﺳﺨ ا ﺿﻂ ت ﺳ ﻄﻀ ﺾﺰ ف وﺾﺧ ﺋ‬
hard    low     
fast    high     
early      late     

Indefinite Articles: A & An ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺮﺓ‬

.(‫د ا ﻈﺿ ة ) ﻐ ﻄﺗﺛد‬ ‫ﺳﻈﻎ واﺖﺛ و ﻎ ﺻﺊﻀ اﻗﺠﻃ ا‬ a / an = one ‫ ﻇ ﺎﺚﺛم‬

:‫د ا ﺊﺛوء ﺗ ف ﺠ ﺾﻆ ﺾﺎ ﺋ وﻇ ﺺ‬ ‫( ﺻﺊﻀ اﻗﺠﻃ ا‬a) ‫ ﻇ ﺎﺚﺛم‬
a boy - a girl - a man - a woman - a hand - a lion - a university - a uniform ..
:(a, e, i, o, u) ً ‫د ا ﺜي ُﻏ ﺳﺛ ا ﺊﺛوء ﺗ ف ﻄﺎﺗ ك ﻇ ﺼ‬ ‫( ﺻﺊﻀ اﻗﺠﻃ ا‬an) ‫ ﻇ ﺎﺚﺛم‬
an orange - an egg - an insect - an hour - an umbrella - an honest ……

The definite Article: The ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬

‫وﻄ اﻓﺠ ء ا ﺎﻎ ﻗ ﺳﺛ وا ﺳﻈﻌﻏﺋ ﻂﺎﺳ ﻏﺷ أو ﻂﺎﺗﺛﻏﺛ‬ ‫( ﺻﺊﻀ اﻓﺠ ء ا ﺎﻎ ﺳﺛ ﻄ د أو‬the) ‫ ﻇ ﺎﺚﺛم‬

the boy - the boys - the car - the cars - the news - the bread - the money

              

                 
       

about  by  out  with 

above  for  outside   without   
across  from  over  towards 
after  in  past      under 
below  opposite    round  until 
among    inside   beside  before   
at    into   through  of 
on  between  beyond     off  
behind  near  to  up  

11
 Showing Showing Showing
addition result purpose
  Showing
  Showing
 
Showing
reason contrast time
     

     
and because so although to after
in addition since= as that’s why nevertheless so as to as soon as
moreover because of therefore despite in order to before
furthermore due to consequently in spite of in order that while
as well as owing to as a result but so that until

1 Which of the following is a verb?

a them b raise c the d so
2 Which of the following is a conjunction?
a without b poor c although d an
3 Which of the following is a pronoun?
a develop b since c the d us
4 Which of the following is a noun?
a because b play c disabled d off
5 Which of the following is an adjective?
a wealthy b wealth c well d quickly
6 Which of the following is a preposition?
a but b so c an d among
7 Which of the following is an article?
a an b on c in d when
8 A / An.................... is a word used with a noun that tells you more about it.
a conjunction b preposition c adverb d adjective
9 Toka sings fast. Fast here is a / an .................... .
a verb b noun c adverb d adjective
10 Toka seems fast. Fast here is a / an .................... .
a verb b noun c adverb d adjective
11 Children tidied the room by themselves yesterday. Themselves is a/an .................... .
a conjunction b preposition c article d pronoun
12 Ahmed is a / an .................... . To complete this sentence, we should put a / an:
a pronoun b noun c verb d adjective
13 We didn't enjoy the day because the weather was cold. Because here is a .................... .
a conjunction b preposition c noun d pronoun
14 I work for a company whose exports are very high. Exports here is a/an .................... .
a verb b noun c adverb d adjective
15 A / An.................... is a word that adds information to a verb or an adjective.
a conjunction b preposition c adverb d adjective
16 I called them but they couldn’t hear me. This sentence has .................... pronouns.
a 2 b 3 c 4 d 5

12
 Do you think animals can predict the weather or other natural events? Farmers
living in the countryside think so. For hundreds of years, they have observed
animals and noticed many things about the way animals act. For example, some
farmers believe that if they see swans flying into the wind, a hurricane is coming. Or,
when cows lie down, a rainstorm is coming.
There are many traditional stories connecting animals and natural events. Some
scientists are taking another look at animals to see if there is any truth behind these
stories and beliefs. They have found some surprising things.
Kiyoshi Shimamura is a Japanese earthquake researcher. He noticed an
increase in dog bites a short time before earthquakes hit. Then, he did an
investigation of twelve public health centers in Kobe, Japan. These health centers
treated people after a big earthquake. Shimamura noticed that the month before the
big earthquake, treatment for animal bites had increased. In fact, aggressive
behavior in dogs, such as biting and barking loudly, jumped 60 percent!
Other animals change their behavior before an earthquake as well. For example,
fish in ponds or lakes begin swimming together in large groups only in the middle of
the water and not near the edges. Also, birds may fly away from their nests for many
days, leaving their eggs unprotected. These behaviors suggest that animals may be
able to predict natural events, such as earthquakes, better than people.

1 What is the main idea of this reading?

a What animals do during earthquakes b The many earthquakes of Japan
c Effect of natural events on animals’ actions d Folklore and other stories about animals
2 How do dogs begin to behave just before an earthquake?
a They lie down in grass. b They stay together in large groups.
c They leave their homes. d They hurt people.
3 According to the passage, what other animals behave strangely before an earthquake?
a Pigs b Birds c Cows d All of the above
4 What did Kiyoshi Shimamura look at during his investigation?
a Animal clinics treating dogs. b The number of patients with bites.
c The number of earthquakes a year. d Places dogs go during earthquakes.
5 Why do you think Japanese researchers are so interested in studying earthquakes?
a Japanese people like dogs. b Japan has lots of researchers.
c Japan has lots of earthquakes. d Many animals in Japan behave strangely.
6 The best paraphrase for the last paragraph is .................... .
a People can predict natural events better than animals.
b People may predict natural events better than animals.
c People must predict the natural events then better than animals.
d Animals are better than people at predicting natural events.
7 What is the synonym of “predict”?
a guess b decide c refuse d accept
8 The antonym of “traditional” is.....................
a beautiful b new c boring d regular
9 The underlined pronoun “their” refers to.....................
a birds b dogs c fish d people
10 “Take another look” in the passage means.................... .
a to check again b to take another chance c to think well d to see something else

13
 =

1 The River Nile is the source of life for all Egyptians, so we must save each drop of water.
.‫ ﻇﻋ ا ﻈﻐﻀ ﻊﻌ ﺣ ﻏ ن ا ﺗﻐ ة ﺿﻀ ا ﺧ ﻏﻐﻆ و ﺜا ﻗ ﻏﺔﺈ ا ﺗ ظ ﺲﻂﻎ ﺾﻀ ﺻ ة ﻄ ء‬a
.‫ ﻇﻋ ا ﻈﻐﻀ ﻊﻌ ﺲﺼﻀ ا ﺗﻐ ة ﺿﻀ ا ﺧ ﻏﻐﻆ و ﺜا ﻏﺔﺈ ا ﺗ ظ ﺲﻂﻎ ﺾﻀ ﺻ ة ﻄ ء‬b
D ‫ ﻇﻋ ا ﻈﻐﻀ ﻊﻌ ﺣ ﻏ ن ا ﺗﻐ ة ﺿﻀ ا ﺧ ﻏﻐﻆ و ﺜا ﻏﺔﺈ ا ﺗ ظ ﺲﻂﻎ ﺾﻀ ﺻ ة ﻄ ء‬c
.‫ ﻇﻋ ا ﻈﻐﻀ ﻊﻌ ﺣ ﻏ ن ا ﺗﻐ ة ﺿﻀ ا ﺧ ﻏﻐﻆ و ﺜا ﻏﺔﺈ ا ﺗ ظ ﺲﻂﻎ ﺾﻀ ز ﺋ ﻄ ء‬d
2 With hard work, we can build our country despite all odds.
.‫ ﻗ ﻏ ﺿﻈﻈ ﺳ ﻀ ا ﺔ د ﻈ ء ﻘدﻇ ر ﻃ ﺾﻀ ا ﺧ ﺲﺈ‬b .‫ ﻏ ﺿﻈﻈ ﺳ ﻀ ا ﺔ د ﻈ ء ﻘدﻇ ر ﻃ ﺾﻀ ا ﺤﻌاذ‬a
.‫ ﻏ ﺿﻈﻈ ﺳ ﻀ ا ﺔ د ﻈ ء ﻘدﻇ ر ﻃ ﺾﻀ ا ﺧ ﺲﺈ‬d .‫ ﻏ ﺿﻈﻈ ﺳ ﻀ ا ﺔ د ﻈ ء ﻘدﻊﻃ ر ﻃ ﺾﻀ ا ﺧ ﺲﺈ‬c
3 Exhaust fumes can damage not only our health, but also the environment.
.‫ و ﺿﻆ أﻏﺪ ً ا ﺊﻐﺆﺋ‬،‫ ﻏ ﺿﻆ ﺳﻌادم ا ﻐ رات أن ﺛﻄ ﻐﺟ ﺸﺼ ا ﺧﺗﺋ‬a
.‫ و ﺿﻆ اﻏﺪ ً ا ﺊﻐﺆﺋ‬، ‫ ﻏ ﺿﻆ ﻔ ﺚ ة ﺛﻄﻐ ا ﺧﺗﺋ ﺸﺼ‬b
.‫ ﻏ ﺿﻆ ﻓ ﺚ ة ا ﺳ دم ﺛﻄﻐ ﺦﺗﺋ ا ﺊﻐﺆﺋ‬d .‫ ﻏ ﺿﻆ ﻔ ﺚ ة أن ﺛﻄ ا ﺧﺗﺋ ا ﺊﻐﺆﻐﺋ‬c
4 You have to develop your skills to be able to get a suitable job.
.‫در ا ﺲﻂ ا ﺗﺧﻌل ﺲﻂ و ﻐ ﺋ ﻄﻈ ﺠﺊﺋ‬ ً ‫ﺎﺿﻌن ﺻ‬ ‫ﻌﻏ ﻄﻋ را‬ ‫ ﺲﻂﻐ‬a
.‫در ا ﺲﻂ ا ﺗﺧﻌل ﺲﻂ و ﻐ ﺋ ﻄﻈ ﺠﺊﺋ‬ ً ‫ﺎﺿﻌن ﺻ‬ ‫ ﺲﻂﻐ ﺞوﻏﺛ ﻄﻋ را‬b
.‫در ا ﺲﻂ ا ﺗﺧﻌل ﺲﻂ و ﻐ ﺋ ﻄ ﻐﺛة‬ ً ‫ﺎﺿﻌن ﺻ‬ ‫ﻌﻏ ﻄﻋ را‬ ‫ ﺲﻂﻐ‬c
.‫در ا ﺲﻂ ا ﺗﺧﻌل ﺲﻂ و ﻐ ﺋ ﻄﻈ ﺠﺊﺋ‬ ً ‫ﺎﺿﻌن ﺻ‬ ‫ﻌﻏ ﻊﻌاﻏ‬ ‫ ﺲﻂﻐ‬d
.‫ﻇﺊﻎ ا ﺤﻌارع‬ ‫ ﻏﻈﺊﺶﻎ ﺲﻂﻐﻈ أن ﻇﺼﻂﻀ ﻄﻆ ﻂﻌث ا ﺊﻐﺆﺋ ﺞراﺲﺋ أﺣﺔ ر ﺲﻂ‬5
a We must reduce the pollution of the environment by planting trees along the sides of
the streets.
b We must reduce the population of the environment by planting trees along the sides
of the streets.
c We must increase the pollution of the environment by planting trees along the sides
of the streets.
d We must reduce the pollution of the environmental by planting trees a long the sides
of the streets.
. ‫ ا ﺼ اءة ﻄ ﻐﺛة ﺸﻋ ﺞﻏﺛ ﻄﻆ ﻄﺳ ﺸﺎﻈ و ﻌﺠ أﺸﺺ ﺿﻐ ﻇ‬6
a Reading is a useful hobby. It increases our knowledge and enlarges the horizon of
our thoughts.
b Reading is an unuseful hobby. It increases our knowledge and enlarges the horizon of
our thoughts.
c Reading is a useful hobby. It increases our know and enlarges the horizon of our
thoughts.
d Reading is a useful hobby. It increases our knowledge and enlarges the horizon of
our brains.
. ‫ إن اﻓﻄﻐﺋ ﻄﺤﺿﻂﺋ ا ﺎ ﺲﻐﺋ و ﺜ ﻗ ﺛ أن ﻇﺊﺜل ﻋﻌداً ﺾﺊﻐ ة ﻂﺼﺪ ء ﺲﻂﻐﻋ‬7
a Literacy is a social problem so we should make great efforts to get rid of it.
b Illiteracy is a social problem so we should make great efforts to get rid of it.
c Illiteracy has a sociable problem so we should make efforts to get rid of it.
d Illiteracy is a social problem as we should make great efforts to get rid of it.

14
1 Which sentence is punctuated correctly?
a Mai and I went to the club on Monday.
b Mai and I went to the club on monday.
c Mai and i went to the club on Monday.
d Mai and I went to the club on Monday
2 Which of the following has the correct punctuation mark?
a Although he lives in London, he is egyptian.
b Although he lives in London, he is Egyptian.
c Although he lives in london, he is Egyptian.
d Although He lives in London, he is Egyptian?
3 The full-stop is .................... .
a a squiggle in a sentence indicating when the sentence should finish.
b a dot at the end of a sentence which leads to the next sentence.
c a dot at the middle of a sentence.
d a dot at the end of a sentence indicating that the sentence is complete.
4 Which sentence is punctuated correctly?
a What a wonderful idea! Let’s add it to our options.
b What a wonderful idea! Lets add it to our options.
c What a wonderful idea? Let’s add it to our options.
d What a wonderful idea. Lets add it to our options.
5 Which of the following has the correct ending punctuation mark?
a What a terrible accident? b What a terrible accident.
c What a terrible accident! d What a terrible accident"
6 Which can be used in the blanks:
Wow .................... You really obtained a gold medal in the Olympics.
a comma b exclamation mark c full stop d question mark
7 Which of the following punctuation marks can be used in the blanks: When will you
return to our city .................... .
a question mark b exclamation mark c comma d full stop
8 Which sentence is punctuated correctly?
a the teacher said to the girl, “If you are late to school again, you will be punished”.
b The teacher said to the girl, “if you are late to school again, you will be punished”.
c The teacher said to the girl, “If you are late to school again you will be punished.”
d The teacher said to the girl, “If you are late to school again, you will be punished”.
9 Which punctuation mark is used at the end of a question?
a A question mark b Speech marks c A semicolon d An exclamation mark
10 Which one of the following punctuation marks can be used for this sentence?
Karim worked in this company three years ago ....................
a ? b . c ! d :
11 Which of the following is punctuated correctly?
a Aya said, “What a wonderful surprise. It’s nice to see you here, adel.”
b Aya said, “what a wonderful surprise! It’s nice to see you here, Adel. ”
c Aya said, “What a wonderful surprise! It’s nice to see you here, Adel”.
d Aya said, “What a wonderful surprise It s nice to see you here, Adel. ”

15
1 My friend had lost much weight that I hardly .................... him.
a see b realized c recognised d react
2 Although he was in disguise, I was able to .................... him.
a realise b recognise c release d identify
3 If you handle it this way, it will .................... a big difference.
a do b take c have d make
4 I hope I have .................... the right decision to improve my life style.
a done b made c seen d been
5 Decision .................... needs knowledge and experience.
a doing b having c making d saying
6 When I was a child, I used to .................... puzzles.
a make b do c fall d think
7 They didn't .................... the danger they were in.
a realise b recognised c release d identify
8 I needed help, so I asked my friend to .................... me a favour.
a make b take c send d do

9 Which of the following is an adjective?

a confused b sadly c borrow d hardly
10 Which of the following is an adverb?
a good b lovely c hard d friendly
11 Which of the following is a conjunction?
a the b theirs c behind d consequently
12 Which of the following is a preposition?
a behave b so c above d an
13 Which of the following is a pronoun?
a but b this c hers d her
14 Today, the weather looks ............... . To complete this sentence, we should put a / an:
a pronoun b noun c verb d adjective
15 The word which describes a noun or a pronoun is a / an .................... .
a conjunction b adverb c adjective d pronoun
16 A / An ....................is a word that adds information to a verb, adjective or another adverb.
a conjunction b adverb c adjective d pronoun
17 She looked hard at the man but she didn’t recongnise him. Hard here is a / an ............... .
a conjunction b adverb c adjective d pronoun
18 Although she was tired, she worked hard. Although here is a / an .................... .
a conjunction b adverb c adjective d pronoun
19 King Lear is arguably Shakespeare’s best play. Play here is a / an .................... .
a pronoun b noun c verb d adverb
20 He’s been in his girlfriend’s bad books since he forgot her birthday. Since here is
a / an ............... .
a conjunction b noun c preposition d pronoun
21 Which of the following is an adverb?
a happy b happiness c happily d happiest

16
 Read the following passage, then answer the questions:
Movie studios and recording companies are in a constant fight against piracy.
The internet is the worst culprit. People often upload or watch pirated material,
especially on video-sharing sites. The companies try to shut down these sites.
They even sue the people using this material. Still, it has been of little use thus far.
There are just too many people and websites with pirated materials. As well,
these methods are making the studios and companies unpopular with the public.
People are starting to see these companies as greedy. However, a new kind of
software may change the nature of this fight.
Amazingly, it is advertising software that is making a difference. This new
software can actually analyze videos on the internet. When it finds a pirated video
clip, it doesn’t report it. Instead, it just puts an ad at the bottom of the video. This is
an ad for the original source of the material. For example, it could show a link to
the website of the studio or recording company. Or, it could show an ad for a
product that the company owns. In this way, each pirated copy would actually help
make money for the original company. If you can’t beat them, join them!

1 What is the main idea of this reading?

a How to download pirated materials b A new way to fight piracy
c Why using pirated material is wrong d Companies with a new vision
2 According to the reading, what is a problem with the old methods of fighting piracy?
a They are too expensive. b They insert advertisements.
c They can’t analyze the websites. d They give companies a bad image.
3 How does the software help the movie studios and recording companies make money?
a It helps them catch people using pirated material.
b It makes the pirated material not useful anymore.
c It uses the pirated material to promote the companies.
d Other companies buy the software from them.
4 What does the word “clip” mean?
a To cut. b A hair accessory.
c To make shorter. d A small part of an original.
5 According to the reading, what is true about the new method?
a It still punishes piracy. b It makes the companies more money.
c It is more difficult to use. d It is similar to the old methods, but more useful.
6 This passage can be a part of a/an.................... .
a article b novel c CV d poem
7 “Making a difference” in the passage can be replaced by.................... .
a bring about b bring up c take on d pick up
8 The synonym of “original” is .................... .
a fake b authentic c different d tolerant
9 What is the synonym of “greedy”?
a bold b generous c silly d selfish
10 The antonym of “pirated” is.................... .
a unauthorized b illegal c legal d handsome

17