DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, BULANDSHAHR

TOPIC-CYTOPLASM-2

CLASS-IX

PREPARED BY- DEEPAK KUMAR SAMANT

3.LYSOSOME
It is also unit membrane bound organelle discovered by Christian de Duve in 1955 .It is found in
animal cells only and absent in plant cell .However few lower plant cells have the lysosomes in
them.

Lysosomes contain 40 types of digestive enzymes to perform its function .

FUNCTION OF LYSOSOME:

(i)Intracellular digestion- When the microbes enters the cell the lysosomes release the enzymes to
destroy the microbes .this is called intra cellular digestion.

(ii)Extra cellular digestion- When the cells releases the enzymes of lysosome outside to destroy the
pathogens then such type of digestion is called extracellular digestion.

(iii)Autolysis-Under physiological and pathological condition the lysosome bursts and the enzymes
release to digest the total cell . This protects the nearby cells from getting infected. In this process
The Lysosome kills itself for the safety of the cell. This process is called “Autolysis”. For this reason
lysosomes are called the” Suicidal bag” of the cell.

Lysomome is also known as the Scavengers and Cellular house keepers.

4.RIBOSOMES:-

This is one membrane less organ found in plant and animal cell. It is the smallest cell organelle
and is discovered by “Claude” in 1941.

STRUCTURE:

Ribosomes are made of two sub units.

(i)Smaller unit is cap shaped.

(ii)Larger unit is dome shaped.

These two sub units are always found separate and they come together at the time of protein synthesis.
Function of Robosome:-

Ribosomes help in protein synthesis .So it is called “Protein factory of cell”.

5. VACUOLES:

These are also unit membrane bound organelles for storage of substances. It was discovered by
Anton Von Leuwenhoek. The membrane is called “Tonoplast”.

They are smaller in size and less in number in animal cell but larger in size in plant cell. In plants the
large central vacuole pushes the nucleus towards the periphery.

Vacuoles are of different types .Such as,

(i)Contractile vacuole –Maintains the concentration in animal cell .Ex- Unicellular organisms.

(ii)Sap vacuole –Maintains the concentration in plant cells.

(iii)Digestive vacuole – Helps in the digestion of food in animal cell. Ex- Amoeba.

(iv)Air vacuoles :- Stores air for floating.

Function of Vacuole

(i)They help in osmo-regulation i.e maintaining the concentration of the cell.

(ii)They store various types of substances including waste products.