LYSOSOM

E
 LYSOSOME
INTRODUCTION
Lysosomes are membrane enclosed organelles that contains a
numbers of enzymes capable for breaking down some polymers
like nucleic acids, carbohydrates, proteins etc. They are found in
animal cell but in case of plant cell same performance is done by
such organelles. That is called Lytic vacuoles. Lysosome is also
known as ‘Suicidal Bag’
HISTORY
In 1949, Christian de Duve,( the chairman of the laboratory of
Physiological Chemistry at the University of Louvain,
Belgium discovered Lysosomes during studying how insulin
acted on Liver cells
ORIGIN
Lysosomes are originated by budding off from the membrane
of the trans-Golgi network (Actually the Golgi bodies are
generated from the Endoplasmic Reticulumes. So, we can also
call it indirectly that lysosomes are made from ER). One [art of
Golgi body is responsible for sorting newly synthesized
proteins which may be entitled to use in Lysosome.
ENZYMES
Inside lysosomes there are some enzymes(Hydrolytic)
like-

1. Nucleases:- It includes ribonuclease

and deoxyribonuclease .
2. Phosphatases:- It includes Acid phosphate
3. Sulphatases:- Act on sulphate esters
4. Lipases:- It includes Lipids
5. Proteases:- It includes Protein
6. Glycosidases:- It includes Beta-
galactosidase, Beta-glucoronaidase
 Lysosome break down excess or worn-out cell parts. The may be used to destroy
invading viruses and bacterias.

POLYMORPHISM
• Primary lysosome:- They are newly formed
lysosome. The enzyme of primary lysosomes
are synthesized by ribosomes
• Secondary lysosome:- It is formed by fusion of
primary lysosome with Phagosome. This process
is known as phagocytosis
• Autophagosome:- it is formed by the digestion of
intracellular organelles, i.e. autophagy.
• Residual Bodies:- They contained undigested
material. It is formed when digestion is
 FUNCTIONS OF LYSOSOMES
It has several functions such that-
1. Extracellular digestion:- The primary lysosome secrete
hydrolases by exocytosis process .The incomplete products of
digestion are absorbed into cell by endocytosis. Digestion is
then complete in secondary lysosome. It takes place during
bone erosion process .
2.Intracellular digestion:- It includes Autophagy
and Hetarophagy.
3.Hormone secretion:- Lysosomal hydrolysis are involved
in the secretory activity of some cells. They function in
modifying the products synthesized by the cell before secretion.
4. Autolysis:- It is a process by which a self destructs due to injury to the cell or dying
tissue. It occurs when a lysosome allows the digestive enzymes out of its membranes. For
this, Lysosome is also known as ‘Suicidal Bag’. It happens in case of amphibian
metamorphosis and also for incects.
5. Chromosomal breaks:- It contains DNase which attacks DNA and causes
chromosomal breaks and release hydrolases which can result structural abnormalities. It
may cause of cancer.

CONCLUSION
Lysosome is a very important cell organelle. Their function is to break the biomolecules
as they contains hydrolytic enzymes. But these enzyme sometimes is harmful also for
cell, Lysosome shows autophagy activity that is the cause of cell death