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PHY 5-Star Formula Sheet
PHY 5-Star Formula Sheet
5**
Formula
Sheet
You MUST remember the formulas highlighted in this
formula sheet!!
2
3
4
5
÷(%&)
!"# % !" &⎯⎯( )*
×(%&)
!"# % !" +⎯⎯, )*
÷ #.%
!"/ℎ &⎯⎯( " ) &'
×*.,
45/ℎ +⎯⎯, 5 % !"
&
×
"5.
#?@!??% (°) &⎯⎯⎯( !"#C"D% (!"#)
"5.°
×
&
#?@!??%(°) +⎯⎯⎯, !"#C"D% (!"#)
% & *,.&
Proof: 16 = 1 E *,.& = 0.0175 !"# ; 1 !"# = 1 E % &
= 57.36 ;
×"., ×".'!(
GHIJ?% (G) &⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯( ?K
÷"., ×".'!(
GHIJ?% (G) +⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯, ?K
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+ powers ---- k 10* M 10, G 107 T 10"%
7
Assuming acceleration (a) is constant, i.e. uniformly accelerated,
M = N + P Q
1
% = I R + " R %
2
S % = I% + 2 " %
"
% = % ( I + S ) R -----> unlikely that you’d need this in the exam
8
U = V W + X
where y = y-coordinate (units: same as the units of the quantity plotted on the y-axis) ;
9:;<0 6= >
where m = gradient (units = 9:;<0 6= - ) ;
where x = x-coordinate (units: same as the units of the quantity plotted on the x-axis) ;
where c = y-intercept (units: same as units of y) ;
YZX [\]^Q_ = Z `
aNZbPX\ PZ\P = c d Z _ + c ( d Z? )
= XNZM\e fNZbPX\ PZ\P (XgZXNVb\Z\]X\ × _\g^_Q)
+ c × (Qhi/ jhQQhV fNZbPX\PZ\P)
9
aNZbPX\ PZ\P hb fi_\Z\ = k d Z?
@
lh[NV\ hb fi_\Z\ = d ZA
A
fg]` ≈ `
Xhf` ≈ n
QP]` ≈ `
10
o = V X pq energy transfer during heating & cooling
A E F
oD = molecular kinetic energy
? G)
11
∆L ∆N
y = V ∆M
= ∆M
i.e. force = rate of change of momentum
12
oO = V ^ _ gravitational PE
C
oD = ? V M? kinetic energy
{ = y M mechanical power
L*
P = = Z |? centripetal acceleration
Q
M
| =
Z
| = c d b
R L*
y = Q
= V Z |?
13
S R+ R*
y = Q*
Newton’s 1st law of gravitation
e.g.
14
T U
pU = fringe separation in double-slit interference
V
C C C
W
+ L = X equation for a single lens
15
C [+ [*
y = @ Y Ɛ Coulomb’s law
, Q*
C [
o = @ Y Ɛ Q* electric fields strength due to a point charge
,
\
o= ]
electric field between parallel plates (numerically)
16
^ _
r = resistance &resistivity
`
r = rC + r? (+ rA + r@ + … . . ) resistance in series
C C C C C
E
= E + E Ñ + E + E + ⋯ Ü resistance in parallel
+ * - .
17
{ = à l = à? r power in a circuit
y = ä ã M fg]Ѳ
18
y = ä à å fg]Ѳ
ça à
ä =
c d Z
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c, G d
ä = _
= ça ] à
where B = magnetic field at the CENTRE of a long solenoid i.e. along its axis (units: T) ;
where é. = permeability of free space = 40 × 10!b (units: H m—1) ;
where N = total number of turns of coil in the solenoid (dimensionless) ;
where â = current carried by the coils in the solenoid, which is generating the B-field (units:
A) ;
where J = total length of the solenoid (units: m) ;
where n = number of turns of coils per unit length in the solenoid (dimensionless) ;
pê
Ɛ = s
pQ
ê = ä Y
where ε = induced e.m.f in a conductor = rate of change of magnetic flux/ flux cutting
(units: V) ;
where N = number of turns in a coil (dimensionless) ;
where Δφ = change in magnetic flux (units: Wb) ;
where Δt = time interval (units: s) ;
where φ = magnetic flux (units: Wb) ;
where B = magnetic flux density = magnetic field (units: T or Wb m—2 ) ;
where A = area (units: m2) ;
20
\/ G
\0
≈ G/ i.e. ratio of secondary voltage to primary voltage in a transformer
0
21
s = sa \! f M law of radioactive decay
hi ?
QC/? = half-life & decay constant
f
22
Wave speed X = b •
j[
à = jM
k
l = [
l
Ɛ = [
Ɛ = à ( r + Z)
23
m
] = m refractive index
/
o*
fg]`n = (for optically denser ]C > ]? optically less dense medium)
o+
− j ± √ j? − k P X
W =
c P
NB: this is generally used to solve for the time t in the Equation of Motion % = I R + ½ " R %
24
S v R
ò = — gravitational PE
Q
{ = ö Y q@ Stefan’s law
jX L jT
õ X õ ≈ m ≈ õ T õ Doppler effect
, ,
25
C
?
Vs MRVw ? = _ b — ê Einstein’s photoelectric equation
C "s #s @ CA.x
oo = — o* ù ? û = — \l energy level equation for Hydrogen atom
$ % &a ? o*
y y
• = N
= R L de Broglie formula
_ X
i_hQh] \]\Z^U o = _ b =
•
where me = mass of a photoelectron emitted = electron rest mass = 9.11 × 10!*" (units:
kg) ;
where S/z- = max. velocity that a photoelectron can be emitted with (units: m s—1 ) ;
where h = Planck constant = 6.63 × 10!*{ (units: J s) ;
where f = frequency of radiation incident on the metal surface (units: Hz) ;
where φ = work function (units: J) ;
where w: = energy of the nth energy level of a Hydrogen atom (units: eV) ;
where n = energy level = 1, 2, 3….. (dimensionless) ;
where †| = charge of an electron = 1.6 × 10!"7 (units: C) ;
where Ɛ. = permittivity of free space = 8.85 × 10!"% (units: C2 N—1 m—2 ) ;
where 1 eV = n. ° × nì!C} J of energy ;
C.?? T
` ≈ Rayleigh criterion (resolving power)
]
where Ѳ = min. angular separation of 2 objects such that they’re just resolvable (units:
rad) ;
where λ = wavelength (units: m) ;
where d = diameter of the aperture (units: m) ;
26
~
o = ` illuminance
[ ` (F1 — F2 )
M
= ¢ ]
rate of energy transfer by conduction
Ä
ò = ] thermal transmittance U-value
Å
where = rate of conduction during a heat transfer between the opposite ends of a body
<
(units: W) ;
where £ = thermal conductivity (units: W m—1 K—1 ) ;
where §Ç , §p = temperatures of the hotter (H) and colder (C) ends (units: T) ;
where A = cross section area of the body (units: m2) ;
where d = distance between the opposite end of the body (units: m) ;
where U = thermal transmittance = U-value (units: W m—2 K—1 ) ;
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C.?? T
`≈ ]
Rayleigh criterion (resolving power)
C
ih•\Z = power of a lens
X
where Ѳ = min. angular separation of 2 objects such that they’re just resolvable (units:
rad) ;
where λ = wavelength (units: m) ;
where d = diameter of the aperture (units: m) ;
where power of a lens (units: D) ;
where f = focal length of the lens (units: m) ;
d
å = nì [h^ d intensity level (dB)
,
¶ = ß X acoustic impedance
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à = àa \! c w transmitted intensity through a medium
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