Lecture 2

(Multivariable Calculus)
Department of Mathematics, CUI Wah

By
SARAH AMJAD

Online Classes Fall 2020

 https://youtu.be/n13He_Mg68s
Summary of Lecture # 1

Points in 3
Dimension

Distance formula
for points

Vectors and Its

properties
TOPICS TO BE COVERED

Distance in 3-space; spheres

SARAH AMJAD, Dept. of Mathematics, CUI Wah

DISTANCE IN 3-SPACE; SPHERES

In 2-space the distance d between the points 𝑃1 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 )and 𝑃2 (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 )is

(1)

In 3-space the distance d between the points 𝑃1 (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 , 𝑧1 )and

𝑃2 𝑥2 , 𝑦2 , 𝑧2 is

(2)
Sarah Amjad Dept. of Mathematics, CUI Wah

Recall that the standard equation of the circle in 2-space that has
center (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 ) and radius r is

This follows from distance formula (1) and the fact that the circle
consists of all points in 2-space whose distance from (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 )is r.
Analogously, the standard equation of the sphere in 3-space that
has center (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 , 𝑧0 )and radius r is

This follows from distance formula (2) and the fact that the sphere
consists of all points in 3-space whose distance from (𝑥0 , 𝑦0 , 𝑧0 )is r
Sarah Amjad Dept. of Mathematics, CUI Wah

Some examples of the standard equation of the sphere are given in

the following table:
Sarah Amjad Dept. of Mathematics, CUI Wah
Sarah Amjad Dept. of Mathematics, CUI Wah
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
Sarah Amjad Dept. of Mathematics, CUI Wah
Sarah Amjad Dept. of Mathematics, CUI Wah

PRACTICE QUESTIONS

Q 1.Find an equation of the sphere that has end points of a

diameter at A and B
𝐴 1, 4, −2 , 𝐵 −7, 1, 2
𝐴 1, 4, −2 , 𝐵(−7, 1, 2)

Q 2.Find an equation of the sphere that has center

2, 3, −1 and contains the point (1, 7, -9) .radius=r= ?
Q 3.Find an equation of the sphere with center 𝐶 −2, 4, 6 that
is tangent to the
(a) xy plane
(b ) xz plane
(c) yzplane
Solution
(a) Sphere with center C and tangent to 𝑥𝑦 plane

(𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 + (𝑧 − 6)2 = 36

(b) Sphere with center C and tangent to 𝑦𝑧 plane?

(c) Sphere with center C and tangent to 𝑥𝑧 plane?

Q 4.Find an equation of the sphere with center 𝐶 3, −1, 2 that
is tangent to the
(a) xy plane
(b ) xz plane
(c) yz plane

Q 5. 𝑅 = 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 : 𝑥 ≤ 1, 𝑦 ≤ 2, 𝑧 ≤ 3
Solution:
Set of all points inside and on a rectangular box with center at (0, 0, 0)
and having edges of length 2, 4, 6 in the 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 directions respectively
Sarah Amjad Dept. of Mathematics, CUI Wah

Q6. 𝑅 = 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 : 𝑥 ≥ 1, 𝑦 ≥ 2, 𝑧 ≥ 3 ?

𝑥2 𝑦2
Q7. 𝑅 = 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 : + ≥1 ?
4 9

𝑥2 𝑦2
Q8. 𝑅 = 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 : + ≥1 ?
9 9

𝑥2 𝑦2
Q9. 𝑅 = 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 : + ≤ 1, 𝑧 ≤5 ?
9 9

All points inside or on a cylindrical region of radius 5 and altitude 10 with

center at the origin and axis along the z-axis.

Q10. 𝑅 = 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 : ≠ 0 :