Analytic Geometry

MHCJR
1. What is distance of the point
𝟕 𝟐 𝟕
, from the origin?
𝟐 𝟐
 𝑑= 𝑥2 − 𝑥1 2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑦1 2

Given
𝟕 𝟐 𝟕
,
𝟐 𝟐
𝟐 2
𝟕 𝟐 𝟕
𝑑= −𝟎 + −0
𝟐 𝟐

𝑑 = 49 = 7 (1 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡)
2. What is the distance of the
line 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎 from
the origin?
Sign Conventions:

a. The denominator is given by the sign of B.

b. The distance (d) is positive (+) if the point
P1 (x1 ,y1) is above the line.
c. The distance (d) is negative (-) if the point
P1 (x1 ,y1) is below the line.
 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶
𝑑=
± 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2
Given
𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏𝟑𝒚 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎
7 0 − 13 0 + 15
𝑑=
− 72 + −13 2
15
𝑑= (1 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡)
− 218
3. What is the area of the
triangle formed by the points
A(2,-1), B(2,6) and C(-5,3)?
Area of Triangle
 1 2 −1 1
𝐴= 2 6 1
2
−5 3 1

1
𝐴 = (49)
2

49
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠 (1 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡)
2
4. What is the distance between the
lines
𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟒
𝟕𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟏 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙 = − 𝒚?
𝟕 𝟕
Disregarded
𝟏𝟑 𝟒
𝟕𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟏 = 𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙 = − 𝒚
𝟕 𝟕
Equations
𝟕𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟏 = 𝟎
−(−1) 1
𝑝1 = =
72 + 42 65
𝟏𝟑 𝟒
𝒙= − 𝒚 → 𝟕𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 − 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎
𝟕 𝟕
−(−13) 13
𝑝2 = =
72 + 42 65
 1 13
𝑝1 = and 𝑝2 =
65 65

13 1 12
𝑑𝑝 = − =
65 65 65
Nos. 5-7
Given
𝒙 − 𝟏 𝟐 = 𝟖(𝒚 − 𝟐)
5. Determine axis of symmetry of the conic
6. Determine the vertex
7. Determine the end points of the latus
rectum
Line: 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 + 𝐶 = 0
Circle: 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑦 2 + ⋯ +
Where A=B, same sign and same coefficient
Parabola: 𝑥 2 𝑜𝑟 𝑦 2
Ellipse: 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑦 2 + ⋯ +
Where A≠B but same sign
Hyperbola: 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑦 2 + ⋯ +
Where A=B but different sign
The conic section falls into three (3) classes, which varies in
form and in certain properties. These classes are distinguished
by the value of the eccentricity (e).
If e = 1, a conic section which is a parabola
If e < 1, a conic section which is an ellipse
If e > 1, a conic section which is a hyperbola
PARABOLA WITH VERTEX AT THE ORIGIN, V (0, 0)
Equations of parabola with vertex at the origin V (0, 0)
PARABOLA WITH VERTEX AT V (h, k)
Equations of parabola with vertex at V (h, k)
 Standard Form General Form

(y – k)2 = 4a (x – h)
y2 + Dy + Ex + F = 0
(y – k)2 = - 4a (x – h)

(x – h)2 = 4a (y – k)
x2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
(x – h)2 = - 4a (y – k)
• (1 point for each number)
Nos. 8 – 10
Given
𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 + 𝟗𝟎𝒙 + 𝟑𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏𝟐𝟓 = 𝟎
• The standard equation is ____
• The center is _______
• The foci are ________ and _______
• The vertices are __________ and _________
• The covertices ________ and ________
• (1 point for 1, 0.5 point for 2,3,4 and 5)
Ellipse
𝑥2 𝑦2 𝑥2 𝑦2
2
+ 2 = 1 𝑜𝑟 2 + 2 = 1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎
Where a2 is the higher number
Major axis (2a)
Minor axis (2b)
2𝑏 2
Latus Rectum =
𝑎
Eccentricity (e) = c/a
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏2
Hyperbola
𝑥2 𝑦2 −𝑥 2 𝑦 2
2
− 2 = 1 𝑜𝑟 2 + 2 = 1
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎
Where a2 is the positive number
Transverse axis (2a)
Conjugate axis (2b)
2𝑏 2
Latus Rectum =
𝑎
Eccentricity (e) = c/a
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
The following terms are important in drawing the graph of a
hyperbola;
Transverse axis (2a) is a line segment joining the two vertices of the
hyperbola.
Conjugate axis (2b) is the perpendicular bisector of the transverse
axis.

General Equations of a Hyperbola

1. Horizontal Transverse Axis : Ax2 – Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

2. Vertical Transverse Axis: Cy2 – Ax2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0

HYPERBOLA WITH CENTER AT THE ORIGIN C(0,0)
Then letting b2 = c2 – a2 and dividing by a2b2, we have

if foci are on the x-axis

if foci are on the y-axis

The generalized equations of hyperbolas with axes parallel to the

coordinate axes and center at (h, k) are

if foci are on a axis parallel to the

x-axis

if foci are on a axis parallel to the

y-axis
Nos. 11-13
Determine the following
𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙 − 𝟐 𝟑 𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒙 + 𝟏 𝟐

• Symmetry
• Intercepts
• Asymptote
Test for Symmetry

1. Substitute –y for y, if the equation is unchanged

then the curve is symmetrical with respect to the
x-axis.
2. Substitute –x for x, if the equation is unchanged
the curve is symmetrical with respect to the y- axis.
3. Substitute –x for x and –y for y, if the equation is
unchanged then the curve is symmetrical with
respect to the origin.
INTERCEPTS

These are the points which the curve crosses

the coordinate axes.
a. x-intercepts – abscissa of the points at which the
curve crosses the x-axis.
b. y-intercepts – ordinate of the points at which the
curve crosses the y-axis.
Determination of the Intercepts
For the x-intercept For the y-intercept
a. Set y = 0 a. Set x = 0
b. Factor the equation. b. Solve for the values
c. Solve for the values of x. of y.
Asymptotes
A straight line is said to be an asymptote of a
curve if the curve approaches such a line more and
more closely but never really touches it except as a
limiting position at infinity. Not all curves have
asymptotes.

Types of Asymptotes
1. Vertical Asymptote
2. Horizontal Asymptote
3. Slant/Diagonal Asymptote
1 point for each
number