The Foundation: An Educational Institution Class - XII

The Foundation Solved Problems # Refraction of Light JEE - Physics
An Educational Institution Class - XII
Q1. Find the angle made by the light ray when it gets refracted from water to air, as shown in figure.
Sol.
Q2. In the given figure, find the angle of refraction.
Sol.
√
√
Q3. In the below figure, find the angle of refraction and angle of deviation.
Sol.
Q4. Find the speed of light in medium 'a' if speed of light in medium 'b' is c/3 where c = speed of light in vacuum
and light refracts from medium 'a' to medium 'b' making 45° and 60° respectively with the normal.
Sol.
Q5. A light ray is incident on a glass sphere at an angle of incidence 60° as shown. Find the angles r, r′, e and the
total deviation after two refractions.
Sol.
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Q6. A ray of light is incident on a transparent glass slab of refractive index 1.62. If the reflected and refracted rays
are mutually perpendicular, what is the angle of incidence ? [ (1.62) = 58.3°]
Sol.
Q7. A cylindrical vessel, whose diameter and height both are equal t o 30cm is placed
on a horizontal surface and a small particle P is placed in it at a distance of 5cm from
the centre. An eye is placed at a position such that edge of the bottom is just visible.
The particle P is in the plane of drawing. Upto what minimum height should water be
poured in the vessel to make the particle P visible ? Given, refractive index of water =
4/3.
Sol.
Q8. How long will the light take in travelling a distance of 500m in water ? Also, calculate the equivalent path.
Given, refractive index of water = 4/3.
Q9. A ray of light enters the side of a water filled glass aquarium making an angle of
30° with a normal to the aquarium face. Calculate the angle made by the ray within
the glass and within the water. Given, refractive index, .
Q10. If a fish is 40cm below the surface of a pond, how deep does the fish appear to be to an observer directly
above ? Given, = 1.33.
Sol.
= = 1.33
= = = 30.1cm
Q11. An object lies 100cm inside water. It is viewed from air nearly normally. Find the apparent depth of the
object.
Sol.
= =
= = = = 75cm
Q12. An object lies 90cm in air above water surface. It is viewed from water nearly normally. Find the apparent
depth of the object.
Sol.
= =
= = = 120cm
Q13. A concave mirror is placed inside water with its shining surface upwards and principal axis vertical as
shown. Rays are incident parallel to the principal axis of concave mirror. Find the position of final image.
Sol.
Rays coming parallel to principal axis converges at focus [focal length = R/2 = 20cm]
Focal length doesn’t depend on the medium.
Distance of object from surface = 30cm – 20cm = 10cm
= =
= = = 7.5cm
Q14. Repeat the previous problem if the distance between water surface and mirror is 10cm.
Sol.
Point of intersection of incident rays is called as object.
Here, behaves as an object.
Distance of object from surface = 10cm
Note, doesn’t depend on the position of object. So,
= =
= = = 7.5cm
Q15. Repeat the previous problem if the distance between water surface and mirror is 10cm.
Sol.
Point of intersection of incident rays is called as object.
Here, behaves as an object.
Distance of object from surface = 10cm
Note, doesn’t depend on the position of object. So,
= =
= = = 7.5cm
Q16. Find out the following in the figure shown below :-

(a) The apparent distance of the fish from the surface as observed by the
bird
(b) The apparent distance of the bird from the surface as observed by the
fish
(c) At what distance will the bird appear to the fish.
(d) At what distance will the fish appear to the bird.
(e) If the bird and fish are moving with 12cm/s towards each other, then
find :-
(i) Apparent speed of bird with respect to fish.
(ii) Apparent speed of fish with respect to bird.
Sol.
(a) = =
= = = 27cm
(b) = =
= = = 48cm
(c) Distance of the bird appearing to the fish = 36cm + 48cm = 84cm
(d) Distance of the fish appearing to the bird = 36cm + 27cm = 63cm
(e) Apparent speed of bird, = = = 16cm/s
⁄
Apparent speed of fish, = = = 9cm/s

⁄
Apparent speed of bird with respect to fish, = = 28cm/s
(f) Apparent speed of fish with respect to bird, = = 21cm/s
Q17. Find out the following in the figure shown below :-

(a) The apparent speed of the fish as observed by the bird
(b) The apparent speed of the bird as observed by the fish
Sol.
(a) Apparent speed of fish, =
=> =
=> = +1 = +1= cm/s

⁄
Apparent speed of fish with respect to bird, = + 24 = cm/s
(b) Apparent speed of bird, =
=> =
=> = +1 = +1= cm/s

⁄
Apparent speed of bird with respect to fish, = + 12 = cm/s
Q18. Velocity of light in glass is and that in air is . By how much would an ink dot appear
to be raised when covered by a glass plate 6cm thick ?
Sol.
= =
= =
= = 4cm
Shift or ink dot will be raised by = 6cm – 4cm = 2cm
Q19. A small object is placed at the centre of the bottom of a cylindrical vessel of radius 3cm and height 4cm filled
completely with water. Consider the ray leaving the vessel through a corner. Suppose this ray and the ray along
the axis of the vessel are used to trace the image. Find the apparent depth of the image and the ratio of real depth
to the apparent depth under the assumptions taken. Refractive index of water = 4/3.
Sol.
Q20. Consider the situation in below figure. The bottom of the pot is a reflecting plane mirror. F is a fish and B is
a bird.
(a) At what distance from itself, will the fish see the image of the bird.
(b) At what distance from itself, will the bird see the image of the fish.
Take =
Sol.
(a) Distance of image of bird from free surface, = = =
Distance of image of bird from mirror (acting as a object for mirror) = +h
Distance of image of bird from mirror (acting as a image – reflection from mirror) = +h
Distance of image of bird from fish = +h+ = 2.83h (below)
(b) Distance of image of fish from free surface, = = =
Distance of image of fish from mirror (acting as a object for mirror) = h =
Distance of image of fish from mirror (acting as a image – reflection from mirror) =
Distance of image of fish from bird = + h + h = 2.83h (below)
Q21. A light ray is incident at an angle of 45° with the normal to a √ cm thick plate . Find the shift in
the path of the light as it emerges out from the plate. Given, √ .
Q22. In the given figure, find the lateral shift.
Sol.
From Snell’s law :-
√
√
√
Now, Lateral shift, d = = = = cm

√ √
Q23. Find the lateral shift of light ray while is passes through a parallel glass slab of thickness 10 cm placed in air.
The angle of incidence in air is 60° and the angle of refraction in glass is 45°.
Sol.
Q24. A ray of light suffers lateral displacement when refracted by a parallel sided glass
slab. Determine the condition for this lateral displacement to be maximum. What will
be the maximum possible value of the lateral displacement ?
Sol.
Q25. In the given figure, there are multiple glass slabs. Find the angle made
by the light with the normal in medium B, C and E. Also, find the angle of
deviation between 1ST medium (air) and medium C and between 1ST
medium (air) and medium E.
Sol.
From Snell’s law :-
√ √
( )
Again,
√
√
√
Again,
Q26. Find the distance of image from surface CD of slab.
Sol.
Apparent shift = t( )
Apparent shift = 4( ) = 2cm

So, distance of image from CD = 6cm – 2cm = 4cm
Q27. In the given figure, find the velocity of image.
Sol.
By differentiating, we get :-
So, the velocity of image is 2m/s (left direction).
Q28. In the given figure, find the distance of final image from surface CD.
Sol.
Apparent shift = 3( ) = 1cm (in the direction of incident light)

So, distance of image from CD = 1cm 1cm = 2cm
Q29. In the given figure, find the distance of final image.
Sol.

Reflection from mirror :-
u = 20cm ; f = 10cm
Again due to glass slab, there is a shift.

So, the distance of final image = 20cm + 1cm = 21cm (in front of mirror).
Note :-
There will be no further shift and reflection from mirror.
Q30. In the given figure, find the distance of final image.
Sol.

u = 30cm ; f = 10cm
Again due to glass slab, there is a shift.

So, the distance of final image = 15cm + 1cm = 16cm (in front of mirror).
Note :-
There will be no further shift and reflection from mirror.
Q31. A 20 cm thick glass slab of refractive index 1.5 is kept in front of a plane mirror. An object is kept in air at a
distance 40 cm from the mirror. Find the position of image w.r.t an observer near the object. What is effect of
separation between glass slab and the mirror on image.
Sol.
Apparent shift = 20( )= cm

Distance of image from plane mirror = = cm
Shifting in image due to glass slab = cm
Distance of final image = = cm

Distance of image from the actual plane mirror is independent of separation b between glass slab and the mirror. If
the distance is more then brightness of image will be less.
Q32. Find out the distance between image and the mirror as observed by observer in the figure shown below.
Sol.
Q33. A tank contains 3 layers of immiscible liquids. The 1st layer is of

water with refractive index 4/3 and thickness 8cm. The 2nd layer is an oil
with refractive index 3/2 and thickness 9cm while the 3rd layer is of
glycerine with refractive index 2 and thickness 4cm. Find the apparent
depth of the bottom of the container.
Sol.
Method 1 :-
The system now comprises of 3 slabs – one of water, one of oil and one of
glycerine. As we know that, the net shift of the system is the sum of individual shifts in each of the slabs, assuming
they were in air.
Shift = ( )+ ( )
Shift = ( )+ ( )+ ( )
Shift = 7cm
Final position of the object = 4cm + 9cm + 8cm – 7cm = 14cm (from glycerine – air interface).
Method 2 :-
Apparent depth from glycerine – air interface = + +
Apparent depth from glycerine – air interface = + +

Apparent depth from glycerine – air interface = 6 + 6 + 2 = 14cm
Q34. In a tank, a 4cm thick layer of water ( ) floats on a 6cm thick layer of an organic liquid .
Viewing at normal incidence, how far below the water surface does the bottom of tank appear to be ?
Sol.
Method 1 :-
Shift = ( )+ ( )
Shift = ( )+ ( )
Shift = ( )+ ( )
Shift = 1.946 + 1 = 2.95cm
Apparent depth from water surface = 4cm + 6cm – 2.95cm = 7.05cm
Method 2 :-
Apparent depth from water surface = +
Apparent depth from water surface = +

Apparent depth from water surface = 4.05 + 3 = 7.05cm
Q35. A rectangular glass block of thickness 10cm and refractive index 3/2 is placed over a small coin. A beaker is
filled with water of refractive index 4/3 to a height of 10cm and is placed over a small block. Find the apparent
position of the object, when it is viewed at normal incidence.
Sol.
Apparent depth = +
App
arent depth = +
Apparent depth = 6.67 + 7.5 = 14.17cm
Q36. Find the apparent depth of object seen below surface AB.
Sol.
Apparent depth = + +
Apparent depth = +
Apparent depth = 18cm + 18cm = 36cm
Q37. Calculate the speed of light in a medium whose critical angle is 30°.
Sol.
( ) => ( ) => => =2
= => v = => = m/s
Q38. Refractive index of glass is 1.5. Calculate velocity of light in glass if velocity of light in vacuum is 3 x m/s.
Also, calculate the critical angle for glass-air interface.
Sol.
= => 1.5 = => = m/s
( ) => ( ) =>
Q39. Determine the critical angle for a glass-air interface, if a ray of light which is incident in air on the surface is
deviated through 15°, when its angle of incident is 40°.
Sol.
r + 15° = 40° => r = 25°
1 x sin40° = x sin25° => = = = 1.52
( ) => ( ) =>
Q40. Find the maximum angle that can be made in glass medium (µ = 1.5) if a light ray is refracted from glass to
vacuum.
Sol.
Q41. Find the angle of refraction in a medium (n = 2) if light is incident in vacuum, making angle equal to twice
the critical angle.
Sol.
Q42. A light ray is incident normally on the face AC of a right-angled prism ABC (n = 3/2). What is the largest
value of θ for which the light ray is totally reflected at the surface AB ?
Sol.
Largest value of θ is ( )
Q43. Figure below shows a triangular prism of glass. A ray incident normally on one face is totally reflected.
What can you conclude about the minimum value of index of refraction of glass ?
Sol. For total reflection to occur :-
Q44. A ray of light from a denser medium strikes a rarer medium at an angle of incidence i. If the reflected and
the refracted rays are mutually perpendicular to each other, what is the value of the critical angle ?
Sol.
Q45. A ray of light travelling in a transparent medium falls on a surface separating the medium from air at an
angle of incidence 45°. The ray undergoes total internal reflection. Find the refractive index of the medium.
Sol.
Q46. A rectangular block of glass is placed on a printed page laying on a horizontal surface. Find the minimum
value of the refractive index of glass for which the letters on the page are not visible from any of the vertical faces
of the block.
Sol.
Q47. In the figure shown, for an angle of incidence ‘i’ at the top surface, what is the minimum refractive index
needed for total internal reflection at the vertical surface ?
Sol.
Q48. What should be the value of of glass rod placed in air so that the light entering into the flat surface of the
rod doesn’t cross the curved surface of the rod for any angle of incidence.
Sol.
Now,
1 x sini = x sinr
sini = sin
sini = cosθ
As :-
So,
sini cosC
sini √ √
As, maximum value of sini = 1, so maximum value of =1
So, √
Q49. A fish in a water tank sees the outside world as if it (the fish) is at the vertex of a cone such that the circular
base of the cone coincides with the surface of water. Given, the depth of water, where fish is located, being h and
the critical angle for water-air interface being , find out by drawing a suitable ray diagram the relationship
between the radius of the cone and the height h.
Sol.
Q50. An optical fibre (n = 1.72) is surrounded by a glass coating (n = 1.50). Find the critical angle for total internal
reflection at the fibre – glass interface.
Sol.
Q51. Three rays of light – red (R), green (G) and blue (B) are incident on the
face AB of a right angled prism ABC. The refractive indices of the material
of the prism for red, green and blue wavelengths are 1.39, 1.44 and 1.47
respectively.
(a) Trace the path of the rays through the prism.
(b) How will the situation change if these rays were incident normally on
one of the faces of an equilateral prism.
Sol.
(a)
(b)
Q52. What must be the minimum value of refractive index of an isosceles prism ACB (with AC = BC) so that a ray
falling normally on face AC can travel as shown in figure.
Q53. In the given figure, find the refractive index of medium as a function
of y.
Sol.
We can consider this figure as infinite parallel slabs.
√
√
Q54. In the given figure, find the refractive index of medium as a function of y, such that a ray entering at origin
at grazing incidence follows a parabolic path, = .
Sol.
We can consider this figure as infinite parallel slabs.
√
√
Q55. Find out the position of the image formed and draw the appropriate ray diagram.
Sol.
v = 90cm
Sol.
v = 6cm
Q57. An air bubble in glass ( = 1.5) is situated at a distance 3 cm from a spherical surface of diameter 10 cm as
shown in Figure. At what distance from the surface will the bubble appear if the surface is (a) convex (b) concave.
Sol.
Q58. In a thin spherical fish bowl of radius 10cm filled with water of refractive index
(4/3), there is a small fish at a distance 4 cm from the centre C as shown in Figure.
Where will the fish appear to be, if seen from (a) E and (b) F (neglect the thickness of
glass) ?
Sol.
Q59. Find out the position where parallel rays will meet after coming out of the sphere and draw the appropriate
ray diagram.
Q60. A parallel beam of light travelling in water (refractive index = 4/3) is refracted by a spherical air bubble of
radius 2mm situated in water. Assume the light rays to be paraxial.
(i) Find the position of the image due to refraction at the first surface and the position of the final image.
(ii) Draw a ray diagram showing the positions of both the images.
Q61. Figure shows a transparent hemisphere of radius 3cm made of material of refractive index 2.0.
(a) A narrow beam of parallel rays is incident on the hemisphere as shown in figure, are the rays totally reflected
at the plane surface ?
(b) Find the image formed by the refraction at the first surface. Assume that the sphere is completed.
Q62. Find the position, size and nature of image. Also, draw the ray
diagram.
Sol.
v= cm
No need to take further refraction from second surface, because light is travelling in left direction. Here, the image
formed is virtual image.
Magnification = = = =
Magnification = = = =4
Q63. Find the velocity of image in the figure shown below.
Sol.
Sol.

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The Foundation Solved Problems # Refraction of Light JEE - Physics

An Educational Institution Class - XII

Q2. In the given figure, find the angle of refraction.

Q16. Find out the following in the figure shown below :-

Apparent speed of fish, = = = 9cm/s

Q17. Find out the following in the figure shown below :-

=> = +1 = +1= cm/s

Apparent speed of fish with respect to bird, = + 24 = cm/s

(b) Apparent speed of bird, =

=> = +1 = +1= cm/s

Apparent speed of bird with respect to fish, = + 12 = cm/s

Shift or ink dot will be raised by = 6cm – 4cm = 2cm

Distance of image of bird from mirror (acting as a object for mirror) = +h

Distance of image of bird from fish = +h+ = 2.83h (below)

(b) Distance of image of fish from free surface, = = =

Distance of image of fish from mirror (acting as a object for mirror) = h =

Distance of image of fish from bird = + h + h = 2.83h (below)

Q22. In the given figure, find the lateral shift.

Now, Lateral shift, d = = = = cm

Q26. Find the distance of image from surface CD of slab.

Apparent shift = 4( ) = 2cm

Q27. In the given figure, find the velocity of image.

So, the velocity of image is 2m/s (left direction).

Apparent shift = 3( ) = 1cm (in the direction of incident light)

Q29. In the given figure, find the distance of final image.

Apparent shift = 3( ) = 1cm

Again due to glass slab, there is a shift.

Q30. In the given figure, find the distance of final image.

Apparent shift = 3( ) = 1cm

Again due to glass slab, there is a shift.

Apparent shift = 20( )= cm

Distance of image from plane mirror = = cm

Shifting in image due to glass slab = cm

Distance of final image = = cm

Q33. A tank contains 3 layers of immiscible liquids. The 1st layer is of

Apparent depth from glycerine – air interface = + +

Apparent depth from water surface = +

= => v = => = m/s

= => 1.5 = => = m/s

Sol. For total reflection to occur :-

Q63. Find the velocity of image in the figure shown below.

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