After the lesson the students should be able to:

1. Identify traditional techniques in creating arts.

2. Determine some regions which use traditional techniques.

3. Appreciate the techniques applied in creating arts. Engaging

with the Arts.
Early Filipinos painting can be in red chip (clay mixed with water) designs embelished on the ritual pottery
of the Philippines such as the acclaimed "Manunggul Jar" which is an example of burial jar Philippine
pottery has been a long tradition, and evidence of this pottery-making has been found in sanga-sanga,
Sulu und Laurente Cave in Cagayan.

Pottery began the making of earthenware articles for domestic use as a cooking vessel and storage
container. The early pots were made hand-molding or the use of paddle and vessel in building the walls of
pots. The pot could be embellished by either carving the paddle or wrapping it with cord and slapping it
against the side to leave marks. Incised designs also appeared in the pots in Masbate. Among the finest of
early Philippine pottery designs are footed dishes that were decorated with geometric cut-outs, molding,
cording or finger impressions, most of these were made in Batangas. At this time, chip (a mixture of clay
and water) rather than glazes is still used by Filipinos Potters to seal the pottery, and the pottery is often-
fried (Fried in a bonfire rather than in oven).Pottery traditions continued to develop in certain locals, such as
Burnay Unglazed Clay pottery of Vigan.
https://philnews.ph/2021/08/20/manunggul-jar-its-cultural-significance-to-filipinos/
 The pottery traditions of Burnay is among the pottery traditions that have
been maintained, along with those of Leyte and Bohol. Further evidence of
painting is manifested in the tattoo tradition of early Filipinos who are now
referred to as the Pintados or the Painted People" of Visayas. Various
designs referring flora and facing with heavenly bodies decorate their bodies
various colored pigmentation. Some of the most elaborate painting done by
early Filipinos that survive to the present are manifested among the arts and
architecture of the Maranao, who are well-known for the "Naga Dragons"
and the "Sarimanok Craved" and painted in the beautiful Panolong of their
Torongans or King's house. Among the early modernist painters such as
Damian Domingo, Juan Luna, Felix Hidalgo and others.
 Traditional pot-making in certain areas of the Philippines would use clay
found near the Sibalom River. Molding the clay required the use of wooden
paddles, and the clay had to be kept away from sunlight. Native Filipinos
created pottery since 3500 years ago. They used these ceramic jars to hold
the deceased.
Kalinga pottery is an ancient clay art tradition widely distributed in Kalinga,
a province located in the Philippines' Cordillera Mountains. This pottery art
has a few distinctive features, one of which is its unique geometric motifs.
Yakan
The Yakan tribes originate from the Philippine province Basilan. As refugees, many were forced to
abandon their homes in Basilan and migrate to the Zamboanga Peninsula. Yakan women are known for
weaving intricate, colorful designs on textile used for clothing and various accessories. Yakan weaving has
been passed from generation to generation, as older weavers continue to share their skills, knowledge
and techniques to preserve the tradition. A mere meter of handwoven cloth may take weeks to finish, while
a simple, small square pattern usually takes one to two days of painstaking work.

Historically, Yakan fabric was comprised of fine abaca and pineapple fibers, and was originally dyed using
herbal extracts and tree barks. However, contact with Christian Filipinos and the American Peace Corps
led to significant shifts in the art and style of Yakan weaving. As Yakan grew in popularity, native weavers
were obliged to meet the increasing demand for woven products. While unorthodox, many turned to
chemical dyes out of convenience, and began weaving household items using cotton blend threads for
table runners, placemats and wall decor. Soon, new designs were introduced: “dawen-dawen” (leaf of a
vine), “kenna-kenna” (fish), “pene mata-mata” (shape of an eye) and “kabang buddi” (diamond shaped
design). The durability and unique artistry of Yakan has made the fabric highly sought after across the
globe.
The Sarimanok is a legendary bird of the Maranao people who
originate from Mindanao, a major island in the Philippines. It comes
from the words “sari” and “manok.” “Sari” means cloth or garment,
which is generally of assorted colors. Manòk, which makes up part of
its name, is a Philippine word for chicken.The Sarimanok is derived
from a totem bird of the Maranao people, called Itotoro. According to
the Maranao people, the Itotoro is a medium to the spirit world via its
unseen twin spirit bird called Inikadowa.
One legend tells of the daughter of the sultan of Lanao, named Sari. Sari was loved by her father and
people because of her beauty and kindness. On her eighteenth birthday, a feast was set to celebrate the
occasion. A cock/chicken (manok) with bright, glowing feathers flew into the middle of the feast, shocking
all the people there. To everyone’s amazement, the cock transformed into a handsome prince.
The prince stated that he has been watching over and protecting Sari since she was born, and that it
was time that he took her to be with him. With this he transformed back into a cock and took Sari, flying
away into the sun. Both he and the princess were never seen again.
The loss of his daughter brought grief to the sultan and he had the best craftsman in his lands to carve
an image of the magical cock that took her daughter.
Another version is about the romantic relationship between Raja Indarapatra and the Maranao moon
goddess, who comes down to earth every Friday. Raja Indarapatra eventually joined the goddess to her
realm forever by riding the Sarimanok.
https://artsandculture.google.com/story/vAWBDBBzFibtIg
 The malong is one of the most well-known and widely-used textiles
produced by the weavers of Mindanao. This multi-functional tubular
garment from Maguindanao and Maranao has been a staple of
Philippine traditional clothing; malong can be worn as dresses, skirts,
trousers, capes, and more. Other weaving communities in the Philippines
also create their own versions of the malong with differing names.
The malong measures approximately 4 yards long and 50" high. It is typically
worn draped over the entire body and donned by both men and women
alike. One of the most common ways to wear the malong is as a wraparound
skirt from high up on the waist all the way down to the wearer’s feet. This
way of wearing the malong is referred to as katinambed for women
and katampi for men. Women also typically wear the malong around their
chest and sling one of its ends over their shoulder. This style is
called kasinambir.
https://www.traditionalfilipinoweapons.com/shop/kampilan/
The chronicler Antonio de Pigafetta may or may not have witnessed the actual death of
Fernão de Magalhães on Mactan Island, Central Philippines, 500 years ago this following
month of April 2021. The Italian writer did however see how the Portuguese navigator
was disabled by spears to the arms and face, and a strike to a left leg by a “large cutlass,
which resembles a scimitar, only being larger.”

The James Robertson translation into English from the Italian of Milan’s Biblioteca
Ambrosiana 1880 publication Primo viaggio intorno al globo terraqueo, ossia ragguaglio
della navigazione alle Indie Orientali per la via d’Occidente fatta dal cavaliere Antonio
Pigafetta patrizio vicentino, sulla squadra del capitano Magaglianes negli anni 1519-
1522) of Pigafetta’s account, describes a violent death on a Mactan shore.
https://collegeofsaintbernardofclairvaux.wordpress.com/kut-
kut-art/
The Bahay kubo, or nipa hut, is a type of stilt house indigenous to the
cultures of the Philippines. It is also known as payag or kamalig in
other languages of the Philippines. It often serves as an icon of
Philippine culture.
The advent of the Spanish Colonial era introduced the idea of building
more permanent communities with the church and government
center as focal points. Christianized people such as the Tagalogs,
Visayans, Ilocanos, Kapampangans, Bicolanos, Cagayanons Mestizos,
Criollos, Chinese and Japanese etc. were made to live lowland, this
newly formed culture, most are of Austronesian origin, each having
their own distinct traditions of Austronesian architecture, dating back
even before the Hispanic period, collectively evolved a certain style of
construction that has become synonymous to the lowland culture
based on the Austronesian architecture. These houses, are now
known as the Nipa hut or Bahay kubo.
Collage describes both the technique and the resulting work of art in which pieces of paper, photographs,
fabric and other ephemera are arranged and stuck down onto a supporting surface.
 Décollage is a French word meaning literally to unstick, generally
associated with a process used by artists of the nouveau réalisme
(new realism) movement that involved making art from posters
ripped from walls. Jacques Mahé de la Villeglé Jazzmen (1961) Tate