Jose Rizal: Exile, Trial, and Death

RIZAL’S EXILE

June 26, 1892

 Jose Rizal arrived in Manila. He had become very sensational among the Filipinos. His popularity feared the
Spaniards, and such paid careful attention to his every move – all houses where he had been were searched and
the Filipinos seen in his company were suspected.

July 3, 1892

 Jose Rizal founded or established the La Liga Filipina in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco in Tondo, Manila.
 La Liga Filipina goal of the organization was the promotion of reform for the Philippines but not for revolution.

July 6, 1892

 Jose Rizal was arrested by the Spanish authorities on four grounds: (4 reasons why Rizal was exiled in Dapitan in
Zamboanga del Norte.
o for publishing anti-Catholic and anti-friar books and articles;
o for having possession, a bundle of handbills, the Pobre Frailes, in which advocacies were in violation of
the Spanish orders;
o for dedicating his novel, El Filibusterismo to the three “traitors” (Gomez, Burgos, and Zamora) and for
emphasizing on the novel’s title page that “the only salvation for the Philippines was separation from
the mother country (referring the Spain)”; and
o for simply criticizing the religion and aiming for its exclusion from the Filipino culture.

July 15, 1892

 Rizal was brought under a maximum security to the steamer S.S Cebu headed by Capt. Delgras, which sailed to
Dapitan.

RIZAL’S EXILE IN DAPITAN

July 17, 1892

 Rizal was arrived in Dapitan, together with his guard Captain Ricardo Carnicero- political-military commander.
 He was given options:
1. Will he stay at the convent with Fr. Antonio Obach 2. Will he stay at the house of Captain Carnicero
 Cebu- Name of the ship to Dapitan
 He met two priests: Fr. Pablo Pastells and Fr. Antonio Obach
 Punishment: To stay in Dapitan for 4 years
 Rizal was given a choice to live in the house of the parish priest, Fr. Antonio Obach or Carnicero’s house.
 But he could live in the priest’s quarters only if:
 He publicly retracted his Masonic and antichurch beliefs
 He regularly participate in church rites
 He conduct himself as a good Spanish subject and a man of religion.

August 26, 1892

 Rizal did not agree with this conditions, and he live in the house commandant, Captain Carnicero. Because the
relationship between Carnicero and Rizal were warm and friendly.
 Rizal on his part, admired the kind, generous Spanish captain. He wrote a poem, A Don Ricardo Carnicero, on
the occasion of the captain birthday.
 RIZAL’S LIFE IN TALISAY

September 21, 1892

 Rizal and Carnicero was betted in lottery and the lottery ticket number is 9736 and won 20,000 pesos. Ship
called “Butuan”- brought the news that won the lottery
 The lottery ticket which was not owned by Jose Rizal because it was jointly owned by him, Captain Carnicero and
Francisco Equilor, a resident of Dipolog.

January – March 1893

 With his prize from the Manila Lottery and his earning as farmer and a merchant, he bought a piece of land near
the shore of Talisay near in Dapitan. On this land he build three houses and all made of bamboo, wood and nipa.
The first house was his home, Second house is school for living quarters of his pupils and the third house was
the bam where he kept his chickens.
 He also built a house for the ladies in his family who were free to visit him in Dapitan. And the other parts was
used for his eye clinic.
 Carnicero wrote a letter to Governor General to allow his mother and sisters to join him in Dapitan.

May 4, 1893

 Carcinero was replaced by Captain Juan Sitges. He did not want living with a deportee. He assigned Rizal to live
in a house near the headquarters
 He ordered Rizal to appear before him three (3) times a week.
 The Jesuits sent the old professor at the Ateneo, Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, to entice him back to the
Church. He helped clean up the plaza of Dapitan and lit it up at night with coconut oil lamps.

November 3, 1893
 Pablo Mercado- a spy of the friars who posed as Rizal’s relative (Florencio Namaan- his true name) who managed to
escaped after got caught.

February 1895

 Rizal was fell in love with the eighteen years old named Josephine Bracken, daughter of George Taufer.
 George Taufer was against in their relationship.
 Rizal and Josephine tried to have themselves married in Catholic rites but Fr. Obach required that Rizal retract
his beliefs. Rizal relatives and friends looked at Josephine with suspicion and condescension.

June 21, 1896

 Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Bonifacio's emissary, visited Rizal in Dapitan asking advice on how to launch a revolution.
 He offered to have the Katipunan assist him in escaping from Dapitan.
 Rizal objected to the projected for these reasons: First, the revolutionaries must have enough arms and weapons.
Second, they must have the support from rich and middle class. Third, the revolution must be led by educated
people “Illustrados” and lastly, he adviced to make Antonio Luna as their general leader of the revolution.
 THE END OF THE DAPITAN EXILE

July 1, 1896

 Governor General Ramon Blanco- he approved the request of Rizal about his plan to offer service as a military
doctor when Cuba was under revolution and raging yellow fever epidemic.

July 31, 1896

 At the midnight of that day, he left aboard the steamer España

 The townspeople of Dapitan wept for they considered Rizal as a good son and neighbor.
 Overall, Rizal stayed in Dapitan for 4 years, 13 days and a few hours.

RIZAL’S LIFE IN MANILA

August 6, 1896

 Rizal arrived in Manila Bay, Rizal was not able to leave immediately for Spain since the vessel Isla de Luzon
already left.
 He was transferred to Spanish cruiser Castilla and stayed there for a month from August 6 to September 2,
1896.

KATIPUNAN

August 19, 1896

 The Katipunan plot to overthrow the Spanish rule by means of revolution.

 It was discovered by Fr. Mariano Gil after Teodoro Patino’s disclosure of organization’s secrets.

August 23, 1896

 The Philippine Revolution finally broke out. At that time, rumors spread out that he was involved with the
Katipunan.

August 30, 1896

 Rizal received two letters from Governor General Blanco which absolved him from all the blame for the raging
revolution
 CRY OF REVOLUTION (Sigaw sa Pugadlawin)

August 26, 1896

 Bonifacio and Katipunan raised the Cry of Revolution (Sigaw sa Pugadlawin) in the hills of Balintawak, a few
miles North of Manila.
 In the afternoon, Governor General Blanco proclaimed a state of war in the first eight provinces for rising arms
against Spain: (8 RAYS OF SUN IN PHILIPPINE FLAG)
o Manila
o Bulacan
o Cavite
o Batangas
o Laguna
o Pampanga
o Nueva Ecija
o Tarlac

September 2, 1896
 Rizal was transferred to the boat Isla de Panay at 6:00 o'clock in the evening. He was met by the captain of the
boat, Capt. Alemany, and was given the best cabin.
 3 STARS IN PHILIPPINE FLAGS- Luzon, Panay and Mindanao

September 7, 1896
 Don Pedro Roxas advised Rizal to stay and take advantage of the protection of British Law

ARREST AND TRIAL

September 30, 1896

 The Isla de Panay had already sailed past Port Said in Egypt and was now sailing in the Mediterranean.
 Bernardito Nozaleda- Archibishop of Manila who clamored for the arrest of Rizal who was said to be the spirit of
Philippine Revolution.

October 3, 1896

 The Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona and Rizal was sent to a prison-fortress, Montjuich Castle.
 Rizal’s interview with Despujol (October 6) he would be shipped back to Manila.
 On the night of the same day, after the interview, Rizal was taken abroad the Colon which was loaded with
Spanish troops sailed for Manila.
 Rizal’s friends named Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez exerted all their efforts to find a lawyer in
Singapore who could aid their friend.
 Unfortunately, the Chief of Justice Lionel who was the judge in Singapore denied the request of the English
laywer named Attorney Hugh Fort

November 3, 1896

 The Colon arrived in Manila Bay and Rizal was taken to Fort Santiago.

November 20, 1896

  Rizal was brought before a Spanish military tribunal headed by Colonel Francisco Olive.
 Oral testimonies were taken and were used to implicate Rizal in the Philippine Revolution
November 26, 1896
 Governor General appointed special Judge Advocate Captain Rafael Dominquez to institute charges against Rizal

December 8, 1896

 Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade- the lawyer of Jose Rizal and brother of his former bodyguard

December 13, 1896

 The case was forwarded to Governor General Camilo de Polavieja – replacement of Governor Blanco.

December 26, 1896

 Rizal’s actual trial began, and it was held at the Hall of Banners of the Cuartel de España in Fort Santiago.
 Rizal was charged with three crimes: rebellion, sedition, and formation of illegal associations.
 In defending himself, Rizal presented twelve arguments.
 The court judged Rizal guilty for the charges and voted for the death penalty.

December 28, 1896

 Governor General Polavieja signed Rizal’s death warrant ordering him to be shot at 7:00 o’clock in the morning
at Bagumbayan.
 Rizal signed it saying that he was innocent.

RIZAL’S FINAL DAYS (DEATH)

December 29, 1896

 The last favor of Rizal was to have his family with him for the last time.
 After hearing the punishment, he went to the prison chapel and requested to gather with him his former
professors in Ateneo.
 Among his visitors was Fr. Miguel Saderra Mata, Rector of the Ateneo Municipal and Fr. Luis Visa
 Fr. Visa brought the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
 Fr. Antonio Rosell he ate breakfast with Rizal
 Lt. Taviel de Andrade- also arrived and Rizal thanked him for his gallant services.
 Fr. Balaguer- remained with Rizal around noon
 Mi Utlimo Adios- last literary work of Rizal which means, “My Last Farewell.”
 3:00 o’clock in the afternoon, Fr. Balaguer returned and tried to persuade Rizal to retract his Masonic beliefs but
Rizal remained firm
 4:00 o’clock, Rizal’s mother and sisters arrived.
 Rizal gave to Trinidad (sister) the alcohol cooking, whispering to her in English, “There is something inside.”
 After his family left, Fathers Villaclara and Balaguer again arrived to convince Rizal to retract
 8:00 o’clock in the evening, Fr. Balaguer returned with Fr. Viza and talked with Rizal on religious matters. At this
point, they joined by Fiscal Gaspar Castaño of the Royal Audiencia.
 10:00 o’clock, a draft of retraction arrived from Archbishop Bernandino Nozaleda
 Another draft of retraction was made by Fr. Pio Pi- the superior of the Jesuit Mission in the Philippines
 11:30, Rizal signed his retraction from the Freemasonry and it was witnessed by Juan del Fresno- chief of the
guard detail and the Adjutant of the Plaza Elroy Moure
 After signing, Rizal had confession with Fr. Villaclara and rested afterwards
December 30, 1896
 5:00 in the morning, Rizal had last breakfast, autographed his remaining books which became his last souvenirs
 Fr. Balaguer- performed the marriage rites of Rizal and Josephine
 Rizal gave a gift (book) to Josephine, “Imitacion de Cristo” by Thomas Kempis which he autographed.
 He gave three farewell letters: one each for his Parents, Dr. Blumentritt (bestfriend) and Paciano (brother).
 6:30, Rizal was taken from cell and march to Bagumbayan dressed elegantly in black suit.
 A colonel took Rizal to the site of his execution.
 Rizal had requested to be shot at his front, but was denied.
 Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo took Rizal’s pulse and found that it was normal.
 The commanding officer ordered his men to aim by means of his saber and there was a simultaneous crack of
gunfire and Jose Rizal made one last effort to drop on his back with his face facing the sun.
 Rizal’s last words: “Consummatum est,” meaning “It is finished.”
 The Spanish spectators shouted, “Viva España!”
 The military band played “Marcha de Cadiz”
 Rizal’s body was secretly buried at Paco Cemetry where later it was traced by his sister Narcisa
 The remains of Rizal’s were cleaned in Higino Mercado’s house in Binondo and were given to Doña Teodora
 His remains were laid to rest inside the Rizal monument in Luneta
 Around 7:00 o’clock, JOSÉ PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA died in the bloom of manhood-
aged 35 years, 5 months and 11 days.