Bone Tissue c.

Osteocytes
 Found in lacunae between matrix layers
called lamellae, with cytoplasmic
Bone Tissue
processes in small canaliculi
 Maintain the calcified matrix
 Provides solid support for the body
 Osteon (Haversian System)
 Protects vital organs
 Encloses internal cavities containing bone
marrow
 Serves as reservoir of calcium, phosphate,
and other ions
 Forms a system of lever

Bone Cells

a. Osteoblasts Bone Matrix

 Originating from mesenchymal cells
 Growing cells  50% - inorganic materials
o Calcium hydroxyapatite is the most
 Synthesize and secret the organic
abundant with noncrystalline calcium
components of the bone matrix (type I
phosphate
collagen fibers, proteoglycans,
 90% type I collagen
osteonectin)
 Osteocalcin and phosphatases promote
calcification

Periosteum

 Fibrous Layer – dense connective tissue,

type I collagen fiber, fibroblasts
o Perforating (Sharpey) Fibers: bundles
of periosteal collagen
b. Osteoclasts  Cellular Layer – osteoblasts, bone lining
 Giant, multinucleated cells involved in cells, and mesenchymal stem cells
removing calcified bone matrix and (osteoprogenitor cells)
remodeling bone tissue
 Endosteum c. Compact Bone
 80% of all lamellae bone
 Internal  Parallel lamellae or dense packed
 Very thin osteons, with interstitial lamellae
 Covers small Trabeculae  Found in thick, outer region (beneath
 Contains osteoprogenitor cells, periosteum) of bones
osteoblasts, bone lining cells, and sparse  Also known as cortical bone
collagen fibers d. Cancellous Bone
 20% of all bone lamellar bone
 Interconnected thin spicules or
trabeculae covered by endosteum
 Found in inner regions of bones,
adjacent to marrow cavities
 Also known as spongy bone; trabecular
bone; medullary bone

Osteogenesis

Types of Bone  Intramembranous ossification

o Osteoblasts differentiate directly from
mesenchyme and begin secreting
a. Woven Bone osteoid
 Newly calcified  Endochondral ossification
 Irregular and random arrangement of o Hyaline cartilage is eroded, and
cells and collagen; lightly calcified invaded by osteoblasts, which then
 Found in developing and growing bones; begin osteoid production
hard callus of bone fracture
 Also known as immature bone; primary
bone; bundle bone
b. Lamellar Bone
 Remodels from woven bone
 Parallel bundles of collagen in thin layers
(lamellae), with regularly spaced
between; heavily calcified
 Found in all normal regions of adult bone
 Also known as mature bone; secondary
bone
  Sacroiliac joint
iii. Symphyses
 Have thick pad of fibrocartilage
between the thin articular
cartilage covering the ends of
the bones
 Intervertebral discs
 Pubic symphysis
iv. Diarthroses
 Permit free bone movement
 Join the cavity with synovial
fluids (lubricates the joint,
reducing friction, and supplies
nutrients and oxygen to the
METABOLIC ROLE OF BONE
articular cartilage)

a. Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)  Synovial membrane:

 Raises blood calcium levels specialized (dense) connective

 By stimulating osteoclasts to resorb bone tissue

matrix and release calcium ions  Macrophage-like

b. Calcitonin synovial cells (type A

cells): derived from
 Lowers blood calcium levels
monocytes and remove
 Targets osteoclasts to slow matrix
wear-and-tear debris
resorption and bone turnover
from the synovial joint
 Fibroblastic synovial
Joints
cells (Type B cells): to
produce abundant
a. Synarthroses
hyaluronan and
 Allow very limited or no movement
proteoglycans
 Fibrous or cartilaginous
‘
i. Synostoses
 Involved bones linked to other
bones and allow essentially no
movement
 Sutures (dense
connective tissue with
osteogenic cells)
ii. Syndesmosomes
 Join bones by dense
connective tissue only
 Tibiofibular joint
 Muscle Tissues
METABOLIC ROLE OF BONE

 Sarcoplasm
 Sarcoplasmic reticulum
 Sarcolemma
a