Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN

GENERAL CHEMISTRY II
LABORATORY REPORT
ACID-BASE TITRATION

Name/s: Leanne Aubry R. Ramos & Bea Luz L. Cabreros

Section: STEM- GENESIS

Objectives:
 In this experiment you will be determining the concentration of a strong acid (HCl) by
titration. You will use phenolphthalein as the indicator to visually show the equivalence
point.
 Compute the concentration of an unknown acid or base given its volume and the volume
and concentration of the standardized titrant.
Key Points
o An acid-base titration is a quantitative analysis of acids and bases; through this
process, an acid or base of known concentration neutralizes an acid or base of
unknown concentration.
o The titration progress can be monitored by visual indicators, pH electrodes, or both.
o The reaction’s equivalence point is the point at which the titrant has exactly neutralized
the acid or base in the unknown analyte; if you know the volume and concentration of
the titrant at the equivalence point, you can calculate the concentration of a base or
acid in the unknown solution.
Terms
 acid-base titration -determines the concentration of an acid or base by exactly neutralizing
it with an acid or base of known concentration
 equivalence point- the point at which an added titrant’s moles are stoichiometrically equal
to the moles of acid/base in the sample; the smallest amount of titrant needed to fully
neutralize or react with the analyte
 titrant- the standardized (known) solution (either an acid or a base) that is added during
titration
 analyte- the unknown solution whose concentration is being determined in the titration
NEUTRALIZATION EQUATION: MACID VACID = MBASEVBASE
M- MOLARITY V- VOLUME
PRE-LAB QUESTIONS:
1. What should the pH of your solution be at the equivalence point?

To be neutralized, the pH level of my solution must be at the equivalence point, which is pH7.

2. Complete the equation ~ HCl + NaOH → NaCl +  H2O

TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 Trial 3

Document Code: SDO1P-FR001
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Effectivity Date: 12-09-2019
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN

Volume of HCl used 100 ml 100 ml 100 ml

Concentration of 1 mol/L 1 mol/L 1 mol/L
NaOH
Initial volume of NaOH 50 ml 50 ml 50 ml
Final volume of NaOH 14 ml 16 ml 11 ml
Volume of NaOH used 38 ml 36 ml 41 ml

PROCEDURE:

1. Obtain and wear goggles/eye protective.

2. Add about 4 drops of phenolphthalein indicator in the given 100 mL HCL solution in the Flask
CAUTION: Handle the hydrochloric acid with care.
3. Gently swirl the flask. You should continue to mix as the base is being added.
4. Record the concentration of NaOH in your data table.

FOR BURETTE
5. Obtain a 50-mL burette and fill it almost full with the 1 M NaOH solution. You can fill the
burette slightly above the 0.00-mL level. Drain a small amount of NaOH solution into a waste
beaker so the NaOH is at around the 5.00 mL level of the burette.
6. Record the precise starting volume of NaOH in the buret.
CAUTION: Sodium hydroxide solution is caustic. Avoid spilling it on skin or clothing.

FOR SYRINGE
5. Obtain a 3 or 5 mL syringe and fill it almost full with the 1 M NaOH solution. You can fill the
syringe slightly above the 0.00-mL level. Drain a small amount of NaOH solution into a waste
beaker so the NaOH is at around the 3.00 or 5.00 mL level of the syringe.
6. Use a stopcock if you cannot control the flow of liquid in using the syringe plunger. Use the
plunger in otherwise.
7. Record the precise starting volume of NaOH in the syringe.
CAUTION: Sodium hydroxide solution is caustic. Avoid spilling it on skin or clothing.

7. You are now ready to begin the titration.

a. At first, add the NaOH solution to the flask/jar using a slow constant stream. When a pink color
starts to form, stop adding NaOH solution.
**Make sure you are swirling the flask/jar as you go so it stays evenly mixed.

b. Now add the NaOH solution in small “spurts” until the pink color takes a few seconds to
disappear. When the color lingers for more than a few seconds, add drop by drop.

c. When a pale pink color remains in the beaker permanently, record the final volume of base
in your data table.

8. Repeat the procedure for the other trials. Now that you know the “approximate” equivalence
volume of NaOH solution for the unknown HCl solution, you can modify the above procedure to
help you with the next titration.

9. To get the volume of base added, subtract the initial volume from the final volume.

Document Code: SDO1P-FR001

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Guide for Syringe with Stopcock: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUWQDZhortY

(Use the syringe plunger if you don’t have one; make sure to control the flow of the liquid when
adding NaOH in the acid.

We will be sending another video tutorial as your guide.

GOOD BAD

PROCESSING THE DATA:

1. Calculate average volume of NaOH solution used.
The average volume of NaOH solution used is 38.33 ml.
38 ml + 36ml + 41 ml = 115 ml = 38.33 ml

2. Calculate the # of moles of NaOH used (use volume of NaOH solution (L), & molarity of NaOH)
1 M = mol/volume of NaOH
1 M = mol/0.03833 L
Mol = (1 M)(0.03833 L) Mol = 0.03833 moles

3. What is the concentration of the unknown acid HCl?

Document Code: SDO1P-FR001

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(M acid):(V acid) = (M base):(V base)

(M acid):(100 mL) = (1 mole):(38.33 mL)
(V acid)(M base) = (M acid)(V base) in and out method
M acid = (0.1 L)(1 mole)/0.03833 L
M acid = 2. 61 moles
4. Create a documentation and narrative report of this laboratory activity.

GOOD

Conclusion/Generalization:
For Acid-based titration, we used 6 jars, a 1 mL syringe, a 3 mL syringe, 3 flasks, and a burette. A
burette, as we all know, is primarily used as titration, bringing one reactant at a time until the
precise end point of the reaction is reached. After closing the bottom stopcock, fill the burette with
a funnel. To allow the solution to flow freely into the funnel, raise it slightly. In the activity Acid-
based titration, we used HCI.
First trial:
100 mL HCI, 6 drops phenolphthalein indicator, and 38 mL NaOH were used. We didn't reach the
equivalence point as expected when we used too much NaOH, resulting in a dark pink color.
Second Trial:
The same amount of HCI and phenolphthalein indicator were used, but the NaOH was reduced to
36 ml. We did not reach the equivalence point due to the changes. The outcome becomes darker
than in the first trial.

Third Trial:
100 ml of HCI, 5 drops of phenolphthalein indicator, and 41 ml of NaOH are used. the changes
resulted in base neutralization due to the correct equivalence point. The result is a light pink color
that is equal to neutral.

Document Code: SDO1P-FR001

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Effectivity Date: 12-09-2019
 Republic of the Philippines
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Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE I PANGASINAN

CHALLENGE: WINKLER TITRATION METHOD

Task: Calculate the number of CO2/ Carbon Dioxide Present in your vehicles using acid-base
titration.
Question 1: What kind of acid will water and C02 produce? Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)
Task 2: Write the balance chemical reaction between water and CO2. CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3
Task 3: Perform acid-base titration to compute the number of CO2 in the sample.
Task 4: Determine the accurate number of CO2 present in the sample.
(0.05 ml)(10)= 0.5 mg/L CO2
Sample collection
• Collect samples in clean glass or plastic bottles with tight-fitting caps. Completely fill the bottle
and immediately tighten the cap.
• Prevent agitation of the sample and exposure to air.
• Analyze the samples as soon as possible for best results.
• If immediate analysis is not possible, keep the samples at or below 6 °C (43 °F) for a maximum
of 24 hours.
• Let the sample temperature increase to room temperature before analysis.
Procedure:
1. Fill the jar with CO2 by placing it in the exhaust of your vehicle for 1-2 minutes.
2. Fill the jar immediately with 100 mL water.
3. Close the lid of the jar and shake thoroughly.
4. Put 3-4 drops of indicator.
5. Perform acid-base titration.
6. Determine the concentration of the acid. M acid= 2000 moles
7. Compute for the number of Carbon present in the acid formed in the reaction.

(0.05 ml)(10)= 0.5 mg/L CO2

Range (mg/L) Sample volume (mL) Titrant—sodium Flask size Multiplier

hydroxide
100-250 100 0.0227 N 125 mL 10

Document Code: SDO1P-FR001

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Effectivity Date: 12-09-2019
 Republic of the Philippines
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Interferences
Interfering substance Interference level
Other acids Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)
Color and turbidity Transparent w/ medium high turbidity (100NTU)

Document Code: SDO1P-FR001

Address: Alvear St. Lingayen, Pangasinan
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Effectivity Date: 12-09-2019