Advantages and Disadvantages of Early Social Media Exposure Among Stem 12 Students

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EARLY SOCIAL MEDIA
EXPOSURE AMONG STEM 12 STUDENTS
A Research Proposal
Presented to
Bayambang National High School
Senior High School
Bayambang, Pangasinan
Leanne Aubry R. Ramos

Bea Luz L. Cabreros
Kyla Cassandra A. Lapada
Bea Rose S. Munoz
Researchers
Mr. Dave DG. Angeles

Adviser
November 2021
Leanne Aubry R. Ramos 1
Bea Luz L. Cabreros
Bea Rose S. Munoz
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Students' use of social media has recently increased due to easy access to internet-
connected devices such as smart phones, i-phones, blackberries, tablets, i-pads, and
laptops. Addiction to the usage of social media has extremely increased in recent times.
The dangers of its effects on the academic performance of over-involved students are
concerning. Academic performance which is depicted by the grades of students is a great
concern student that spends excessive time on social networks become dependent on it
and it is believed that their academic performance diminishes proportionately. It is
perceived that school grades will suffer when spending too much time on social sites such
as Facebook, twitter and 2go as valuable study time is lost (Kubey, 2001). These
therefore necessitate the study of the impact of social network usage on academic
performance among grade 12 students.
In recent years, social networks have had a significant influence on student
achievement. Students in a variety of fields experience numerous opportunities and
challenges as an outcome of these networks. Addiction to social networking and its
impact on students’ academic performance caused the researcher to design and conduct
this study. The goal of this research was to see if there was a correlation between social
networking addiction and academic performance among Bayambang National High
School students.

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Social networks have many advantages in learning as they provide wide access to
information and information resources, reduce barriers to group interaction and
telecommunications , support collaborative learning activities ,encourage learners to learn
more about self-learning ,increase engagement and learner’s motivation ,enhance
engagement of learners with each other and their teachers and support active and social
learning in general , the emergence of new technologies such as internet and social
networks(Selwyn, 2012) In addition to providing opportunities in facilitating and
improving the quality of global communications, has created some threats . Mobile
devices and social media provide excellent educational e-learning opportunities to the
students for academic collaboration, accessing in course contents, and tutors despite the
physical boundary (Gikas & Grant, 2013). When the use of social networks is managed
poorly, they can have negative consequences at the individual and social levels. Social
networking addiction is one of the consequences that many social network users may
experience Thus, the extensive use of social networks is a new form of soft addiction .
There are many different theories about the addiction to internet and social
networks. The most important theories include dynamic psychology theory, social control
theory, behavioral explanation, biomedical explanation, and cognitive explanation.
According to dynamic psychology theory, the roots of social networking addiction are in
the psychological shocks or emotional deficiencies in childhood, personality traits, and
psychosocial status. According to the social control theory, since addiction varies in
terms of age, sex, economic status, and nationality, certain types of addiction are more

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likely to be found in certain groups of society than in other groups. Student engagement
in extra curriculum activities promotes academic achievement (Skinner & Belmont,
1993), increases grade rate (Connell, Spencer, & Aber, 1994), triggering student
performance and positive expectations about academic abilities (Skinner & Belmont,
1993). They are spending time on online social networking sites linked to students
engagement, which works as the motivator of academic performance (Fan & Williams,
2010).
Statement of the Problem
The main objective of this study is to find out what are the advantages and
disadvantages of early social media among STEM 12 Students in terms of emotional state
and academic purposes. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of;
a) age
b) gender
c) social economic status
2. What are the advantages of early social media exposure among STEM 12 students in
terms of:
a) academic activities
b) behavior
2. What are the disadvantages of early social media exposure among STEM 12 students?
a) academic activities b) behavior

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3. Is there significance difference between the profile of the respondents and the
advantages and disadvantages of early social media exposure among STEM 12 students?
Hypothesis
There is no significance difference between the profile of the respondents and the
advantages and disadvantages of early social media exposure among STEM 12 students.
Significance of the Study
This study is one of the few to do a focused investigation on the relationship
between the positive and bad aspects of web-based media and the learning demeanor of
the understudies for feasible instruction. The study aims to find out the advantages and
disadvantages of early social media exposure among STEM Students. The researcher
hopes that this study will be beneficial to both the researcher and the reader.
Specifically, the study aims to be significant to the following:
Policymakers and developers. The study will allow policymakers and
developers to adopt more effective policies regarding age restriction and
regulation on underage users in the internet.
Psychologists. The study will allow psychologists to develop coping
mechanisms and development strategies for teenagers that experience adverse
behavior drawbacks from early exposure to social media.
School Administrators. The study will allow school administrators to
know the social media use of students and incorporate social media into

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academics such as to lessen the negative behavioral effects and increase its
academic use.
Teachers. Teachers will also benefit from the study in understanding the
impact of social media on their students, allowing them to educate and raise
awareness among students on the possible effects of early social media exposure.
Parents. The study will inform the parents about the possible
consequences of allowing their children to explore social media unsupervised at a
young age.
STEM 12 Students. It will also inform students about the effects of early
and excessive social media exposure on their growth.
Future Researchers. Future researchers may also use the study as a guide
for further development, especially if they plan to pursue similar topics.
Scope and Delimitations
The study will focus on the advantages and disadvantages of early social media
exposure among Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
students. The people involved in the study are the senior high school students coming
from Grade 12 STEM students of Bayambang National High School, who will serve as
the respondents of the study. The Grade 12 STEM student must have been exposed to the
internet at ages eighteen below to qualify as a respondent/participant in the study. The
behavioral impact will be based on the gathered data from the STEM students of
Bayambang Senior High School.
The study will be conducted on the school year 2021-2022.

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Definition of Terms
The study will be guided by the following definition of terms to help readers have
better understanding about the study. For the purpose of the study, the following terms
are defined and used consequently:
Adverse. Harmful.
Behavior. The attitude of an individual and the way they behave and conduct their
selves.
Behavioral Effect. The effect of a phenomenon to the behavior.
Early Exposure. Being subjected or exposed to social media at an age earlier than
13 years old.
Influence. To affect or produce effect in an individual’s action, behavior, belief
and more.
Online Platform. An internet website, web application, or digital application that
is accessed by the public.
Social Media. An Internet-based online platform that allows users to share, co-
create, and modify ideas, and discuss user-generated content or previously posted online
content.
Social Network. A dedicated website or other application which enables users to
communicate with each other by posting information, comments, messages, images, and
more.
Social Networking. The action of using dedicated websites and applications to
interact with other users, or to find people with similar interests to oneself.

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S.T.E.M. A senior high-school academic strand that stands for Science,
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.
Young user. An individual that used social media at age 18 below.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the review of theoretical and research literature that have
bearing to the present study. The studies and literature enhanced the content of the study
and these reviewed materials provided the researcher the necessary background and
insights in the conceptualization of this study.
Related Literature
Teens and social media
Being “in touch” and “always on” allows children to be physically present in the
home or school yet psychologically absent, engaged in the dynamic interplay of their
social networks rather than family dynamics (Livingstone, 2009: 91). Social Media has
been forming the present-day era teenagers, changing their actions and state of intellect in
a positive and negative way. Making it perceptible for the individuals who are born
before the internet that the young people of today are acting differently than those before
especially now where socializing is very convenient and can be done at the comfort of
your homes.
The authors of the book “Teenagers and Technology” inquired answers from 13-
year old’s who have Social Media accounts, especially on Facebook on what’s their
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conclusion on the said social media site. Two thirteen (13) years old girls use Facebook
and MSN quite a lot. They use Facebook more often because they can communicate,
upload photos, write status, and talk to people that are in different batches or at a different
school. While a thirteen (13) years old boy uses Facebook to talk with anyone and play
games. It also keeps him updated about people’s birthdays.
The respondents are stating that Facebook has brought a positive impact to their
lives mainly due to the improved style of interacting to their friends. The social media
site has changed the world forever, offering more convenient ways of socialization with
games, instant messaging, blogging, sharing various forms of media all in one site. There
is not necessarily anything new in any of that. But such a powerful thing in the internet
can have its dangers like the possibility of cyberbullying, malicious content and many
more that can alter the behavior of one’s self.
Parents have a huge responsibility in guiding their child. As a matter of fact, in
American countries, many parents are aware that 13 years is the minimum age for most
social media sites but do not understand why. There are two major reasons. First, 13
years is the age set by Congress in the Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act
(COPPA), which prohibits Websites from collecting information on children younger
than 13 years without parental permission. Second, the official terms of service for many
popular sites now mirror the COPPA regulations and state that 13 years is the minimum
age to sign up and have a profile. This is the minimum age to sign on to sites such as
Facebook (American Academy Pediatric, 2011) and under Facebook's Terms of Service,
those under 13 are not allowed to create an account.

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With the alternative and more convenient ways to interact with other people, it’s
safe to say that social media is another world to those who access it. It also creates
communication for people across the world. For most teens, social media do not
constitute an alternative or ‘virtual’ world. They are simply another method to connect
with their friends and peers in a way that feels seamless with their everyday lives.
(Osgerby, 2004)
Filipino teenagers that got exposed to social media at young age is rising
continuously. It might be caused by his surroundings and influences of his family, peer,
fiends, etc. In fact, the Pew Research Center (2018), stated that 13- 17 years old found
that 45% are online almost constantly and 97% use a social media platform, such as
YouTube, Facebook, Instagram or Snapchat. Another study shows that 90% of teenagers
ages 13-17 have used social media, 75% report having at least one active social media
profile, and 51% report visiting a social media site at least daily (AACAP, 2018). The
both studies show that the number of teenagers using social media continues to increase
even at an early age.
Early social media exposure of the teenagers influences them especially in their
behavior. In the article by Digital Marketing Philippines, from the 40 million active
social media users, 65% of them are teenagers and young adults, and 81% of them access
their accounts daily (Gregorio, 2013) and 10% of these teenagers admit that they are
daily watching and using pornographic sites which affects their actions and behavior.
(UNICEF, 2017).
According to the report of CNN Philippines (2019), a Filipino lawmaker has
sought to restrict minors under 13 years old from using social media sites and apps.

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Deputy Speaker and Laguna Rep. Dan Fernandez filed "House Bill 5307" or the "Social
Media Regulation and Protection Act of 2019" to limit the use of social media and to
provide protection for children and minors. The proposed bill will be required to
strengthen its feature restricting users under the age of 13 to use social media such as
Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.
Young people use social media platforms to express themselves, to belong and
not belong in certain groups, and experiment with their personalities and identities. Social
media manager John Yang said parents should be "taught how to use social media
properly" so that they would be able to observe and guide their children to responsible
media use. He stated that parents should be aware of their children's role models on the
internet, as some would negatively influence their children's behavior and well-being.
At a personal level, social media serves as a platform for self-expression and self-
identification, especially to those people who are introverted and can only comfortably
and confidently articulate themselves virtually. However, too much dependence on digital
platforms can lead to worries about body image as comments cannot be filtered online.
(Calara, 2020)
This literature review was conducted to analyze the number of teenagers using
social media and to understand the early exposure of teenagers to social media.
Moreover, to understand that 13 years old below are not allowed and recommended to
use social media.
STUDENTS SOCIAL MEDIA INVOLVEMENT
Customary matured undergrads have involved web-based media innovation in
their ordinary lives. For this age, online media innovation is an essential method for

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correspondence data looking for and a focal part of their personality and local area
building. In a 2008 meeting, Professor of Psychiatry at UCLA, Dr. Gary Small,
recommends that "advanced locals" or the youngsters brought into the world in the
universe of cellphones and workstations, message informing and tweeting, spend a
normal of over eight hours a day presented to advanced innovation. On a new public
survey finished by Harvard Institute of Politics (2011), more than 90% of understudies at
four-year universities announced having Facebook profiles. In an extra review, use is
most grounded among first-semester green beans and sophomores among such
understudies at four-year foundations (Junco, 2011). In a later review of a relative public
example of 456 four-year certify U.S. Foundations, 100% revealed utilizing some type of
web-based media, with Facebook (utilized by 98%) and Twitter (utilized by 84%)
(Barnes and Lescault, 2011). One more ongoing study of social and computerized
interchanges directed by Common Sense Media
(2012) use by 1030 teenagers ages 13-17, it was observed that 90% had utilized some
type of online media, with messaging (87%), informal community destinations (e.g.,
Facebook; 83%), email (77%), and texting (63%). With the current insights on the young
people as the essential clients of online media, there are specialists and experts who have
shown the motivations behind why youthful grown-ups tend to utilize online media more
regularly than grown-ups or more established individuals. In one article, Hajirnis (2015)
composed that youngsters and teens find web-based media valuable to foster their own
character, to look for importance and approval through getting "likes" to share content of
self-articulation like work of art, music, and political perspectives, and to fill in as a spot
to "hang-out" with companions and remain associated with them to not pass up a major

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opportunity anything. Kids and teenagers are impacted by their assimilation in online
media in various ways. There are explores that centered around the significant impacts
that web-based media has on the social relationship of the youthful grown-ups. One way
that social media is changing how youthful grown-ups interface with their organization of
connections is the point at which the relationship of others is apparent to numerous in
Facebook, this outcomes in a deficiency of security inside close to home connections
(Strickland, 2014). Likewise, despite the fact that utilizing web-based media is utilized by
the teenagers in keeping up with the existences of their companions, it has been shown
that observing others' exercises via web-based media can lead to negative relationship
results, for example, on the web and disconnected social interruption (Lyndon, Bonds-
Raacke, and Cratty, 2011). Past research discoveries have exhibited that youngsters will
more often than not utilize social media to keep up with previously existing disconnected
connections. An investigation of 251 young people demonstrated that young people
fundamentally utilize long range interpersonal communication destinations to associate
with individuals they know disconnected and exhibited moderate cross-over in nearest on
the web and disconnected companions, proposing that web-based media is utilized to
fortify disconnected connections (Reich, Subrhamanyam, and Espinoza, 2012). Likewise,
a investigation of 110 undergrads, involved for the most part of Latina/os and
Asians/Asian-Americans, uncovered that understudies will more often than not utilize
interpersonal interaction destinations to stay in contact with and make arrangements with
family and
companions (Subrahmanyam, Reich, Weichter, and Espinoza, 2008; refered to in
McLean and Syed, 2015)

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The children of the twenty-first century are technology-oriented, and thus their
learning style differs from previous generations (Moghavvemi et a l. 2017a, b). Abelardo
Pardo believes that technology offers a platform for innovation, and allows its users to
express their opinions about how they feel towards the information being published. He
adds that, social media is also a platform that allows students to interact with one another,
with their teachers and communities that share their same education. Pardo also states
that these types of interaction are “an essential part of how humans learn.” ( Pardo, 2013,
p. 45). Gwenn Schurgin O’Keeffe and Kathleen Clarke-Pearson believe that there are
negative impacts caused by social media, which include accessing inappropriate content
and not “understanding online privacy.” They also say that, there is online harassment
and cyber bullying, which is mostly caused by risks of peer to peer engagement
(O’Keeffe and Clarke-Pearson, 2011). A number of studies suggest that the amount of
early screen media exposure is related to negative developmental outcomes, namely
poorer executive functioning and language skills (Anderson & Pempek , 2005). “Our
findings suggest that it is important to monitor early interactions with social media,
particularly in girls, as this could have an impact on wellbeing later in adolescence and
perhaps throughout adulthood,” said Dr. Cara Booker. In addition Dr. Wick advises
delaying the age of first use as much as possible. “I use the same advice here that I use
when talking about kids and alcohol—try to get as far as you can without anything at all.”
If your child is on facebook , Dr. Wick says that you should be your child’s friend and
monitor her page. In addition to the effects of children’s own media habits, previous
cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown associations between parent’s media
usage and behavioral problems in children <10 years of age. Parental media usage has

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been shown to disrupt parent–child interactions, with parents being slower, less attentive,
and more passive in reacting to their children. Moreover, previous cross-sectional studies
have found that parents’ conceptions play an important part in mediating preschool-aged
children’s media habits and that parent–child interactions can moderate the relationship
between high media exposure and young children’s executive functioning.
Related Studies
LOCAL
Attitude of Grade 12 SHS Academic Tracks Students Towards Speaking in English
As stated by (Donita – Jane B. Canceran, 2018) The data that they collected from
Grade 12 Senior High School Academic Track students with the use of the English
Speaking Attitude Questionnaire (ESAQ). Results show that both HumSS and ABM
strand students have positive attitude towards speaking in English and that speaking in
English is important to them in general. Furthermore the researchers is interested to know
the effects of being expose at the aerly age to the grade 12 STEM students in Bayambang
National High School.
EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING MEDIA TO THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF THE STUDENTS
A study by Remedios C. Kulidtod & Nahida S. Pasagui (2017) wherein they
conducted a study about Effects of Social Networking Media to the Academic
Performance of the Students, but in the researchers study aims to see the effects of social
medial at the early age for grade 12 STEM students.

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TABLET COMPUTERS IN PHILIPPINE PUBLIC SCHOOLS: SCHOOL-LEVEL
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT AND USE
According to Elizabeth M. King and Nanette Lee (2019) This study aims to
identify factors that influence the use of technology in schools in a developing-country
context. It investigates this through a multiple-case study of the Australian AID tablet
computer programme in the Philippines, in which 1000 tablets were given to nine public
schools for student use, while in the researchers study aims to see if there is advantages
and disadvantages of using social media at the early age.
THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES ON STUDENTS’
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES
Social Networking Sites (SNSs) decrease students’ study time and increase leisure
time, as reported by Morallo (2014). They use SNSs mainly for non-academic purposes
or entertainment activities and for communicating with friends and classmates about
school work and assignments. Regulators may look at ways on how to maximize the use
of SNSs by fully utilizing the purpose and functionalities of SNSs in the learning process.
Social media does not always bring harm to teenagers and to the people around them.
Furthermore, this will be more convenient to them to maintain connection and contact to
their parents when they are not around. Proper support and guidance for the students is
essential to mold them to have a well-adjusted personality until their journey in
adulthood.

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In this study, they focus on the effects of SNSs for academic performance of the
students while we the researchers aims to see the effects of social medial at the early age
for grade 12 STEM students.
A CORRELATIONAL STUDY ON SOCIAL MEDIA INVOLVEMENT AND
PARENTAL RELATIONSHIP AMONG STUDENTS OF ASIA PACIFIC
COLLEGE
Social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube
play a vital role to adolescents in this generation, as these help them to maintain
connection, social interaction to the people around them and entertainment as well.
Despite the convenience that social media bring into millennials, their increasing time
consumed in social media sites serve as the rise of parent-child relationship problem due
to the teenagers’ improper usage of social media through posting their personal issues on
their respective social media accounts, involving in risky social media activities, etc.
(Duque, et. al 2017) In line to this problem, this study aims to investigate the relationship
between social media involvement of the students and their relationship with their parents
that will determine if the adolescents’ time spent in social media does affect their
relationship with their parents.
This study emphasized the effect of social media to students by examining the
association between their involvement in social media and their relationship to their
parents. Moreover, this study elaborated what age, gender, year level, and how many
hours per day the students use social media sites are more inclined in using social media
while the researchers study focus on the advantages and disadvantages of social medial at
the early age for grade 12 STEM students.

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THE SOCIAL MEDIA USE AND THE STUDY HABITS OF MILLENNIALS
In this study, social media use and social networking poured internationally in the
present that no academic institutions could stop its impact on education. Hence, this study
aimed at describing the extent of the usage of social media as a vehicle to the
improvement of study habits of the Carolinians especially to the stratified proportionate
and randomly chosen 50 Grade Ten students of the University of San Carlos, while in the
researcher’s study aimed to know what is the advantages and disadvantages of early
social media exposure among STEM 12 students using survey.
FOREIGN
Crisis Communications and Social Media: Advantages, Disadvantages and Best

Practices
With new environmental developments and terrorism breeding opportunities for
crises, and media proliferation and advancement increasing exposure to crises,
organizations have placed a higher premium on crisis management (Coombs, 1999).
Through a thorough literature review, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how
crisis communications is important today now more than ever with media (traditional and
new) increasing the exposure of the crises, and new media – particularly social media –
adding to and creating this exposure. The paper takes a broad view of crisis
communications by examining the varying definitions of crisis and crisis
communications, as well as highlighting a few related crisis communication functions,
strategies, models and theories. Within this overview will be a concentration on the
positive and negative impact of social media on the practice of crisis communications.
This paper will explore how social media can help the practice by supplying stakeholders

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with a ready resource to make sense of a crisis, and by creating a way to share integral,
time-sensitive information quickly to citizens and crisis managers and communicators.
While the main objective of the researcher’s study is to find out what are the
advantages and disadvantages of early social media among STEM 12 Students in terms
of emotional state and academic purposes.
The Impact of Social Media on the Academic Development of School Students
According to Tarek A. El-Badawy1 & Yasmin Hashem1 (2015) this study aims to asses
the frequency at which the students are social networking, and whether it has any effect
on their academic performance, the same in the researchers study, they want to know if
by using social media at the early age has advantages or disadvatages on grade 12 STEM
students.
Effect of Social Media on Academic Performance of Students in Ghanaian
Universities: A Case Study of University of Ghana, Legon.
A study done by Bernard John Kolan & Patience Emefa Dzandza (2018) wherein
students are patronizing these sites and this may bring along both positive and negative
effects on students as far as their academic performance is concerned, in the researchers
they also know the effects of social media for being expose at the early age by grade 12
STEM students in Bayambang National High School.
THE EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGY ON STUDENT MOTIVATION AND
ENGAGEMENT IN CLASSROOM-BASED LEARNING
This study is to add to the body of research surrounding the effects technology has
on motivation and inclusion. Research was conducted concerning how students 5

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currently experience the use of technology at school through classroom technology use
and technological accommodations as provided on an IEP or 504 plan. These findings
can go on to inform a variety of audiences, from Boards of Education down to the actual
teachers who provide technology implementation, while the researcher’s study focus on
behavioral effects of early exposure in social media to STEM 12 students in Bayambang
National High School.
Effects of Social Media Exposure

Tartari (2015) showed that social media had a positive effect on teenagers. A
positive impact was noticed with regard to communication abilities, information research,
technical skills development, and effective use of new technology. Results also showed
negative effects of risk, depression, cyberbullying, and sexual harassment. Paul and
Gelish (2011) noted that students’ social network use is related to their personality and,
hence, attitude toward social networking. They elaborated that “some students are
influenced more than others depending on their personality."
In a study conducted by Rita Njoroge (2011) regarding the effects that social
media has on the respondents’ behavior, attitude and perception of things, 33.4% said it
improves their social skills and increased their knowledge. 33.3% said it leads to wastage
of time, making people lazy, exposing all the information to everyone, including the
children and those who are not meant to view it. 33.6% said they spend more time
chatting that otherwise would be used for doing better things like reading, enables them
to keep up with trending issues, eliminates boredom in individuals, is ruining social
skills, improves the confidence of an individual, and that research sites are faster and
reliable.

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Njoroge (2011) concluded that social media played a major role on behavior
change of the respondents. The youths mostly used social media for communicating
between their friends and families. The fact that they were born in this era of emerging
technology, most felt that they could not do without it. They relied on it for various
activities such as research and contacts with old friends and getting informed about news
in their circles, nationally or internationally.
A similar study is conducted by Tugberk Kaya, et al. (2015), students use social
media to follow news and get opinions about current trends. They reflect their mood
using social networks which can be understood from their updates, and frequent
Facebook for entertainment, sharing songs and also following specific friends who have
the same interests.
On the other hand, use of Facebook for educational purposes can decrease student
concentration. This shows that participation of students will be low if something affects
their mood. A high degree of Facebook sharing might indicate that there are some
indications of narcissism. As there are indications of narcissism and self-esteem, the
impact of these and social media use of students can further be studied. (Kaya, et al.
2015)
According to Kusumajati et al. (2020), the use of social networks by students
generates positive and negative behavioral changes. The increasing use of social media
by students also increases the influence in social activities together with other people
from various aspects of the background. It is observed that over the last few years, the
popularity of social media sites has steadily increased. Currently, more than 70% of
online teens now use a social media site. Numerous users have multiple accounts and

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check these accounts several times per day. We can confidently assert that social media is
completely dominating our world in terms of its use by young people today. Although we
cannot predict whether it will decrease over the next few years or continue to rise.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design used to obtain the needed data and
extract information from the respondents. It also includes the sources of data, the research
procedure and the research paradigm.
Research Design
The study will use the Descriptive research design. The study is a
Phenomenology-type of Qualitative Research. The study will focus on the questionnaire
employed to the STEM 12 students of Bayambang National High School that got
exposed to social media at age 18 and below, regarding the behavioral effects of social
media. The researchers will use purposive sampling in choosing the respondents that will
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be surveyed to gather data about the behavioral effects of early social media exposure.
The gathered data will be thematically analyzed by the researchers and presented in
graphical, tabular and textual form.
Environment and Participants
This study will be conducted at Bayambang National High School. The school is
located at Quezon Blvd, Bayambang, 2423 Pangasinan.
The participants of the study will be 30 senior high school students coming from
STEM 12 of Bayambang Senior High School. The participants will be chosen through
purposive sampling.
Data Gathering Instruments
The study will use a questionnaire to gather the needed data regarding the
behavioral effect of early exposure to social media among STEM 12 students in
Bayambang National High School.
The instrument is chosen by the researchers based on the sub-problems of the
study that focused on the behavioral effect of early exposure to social media among
STEM 12 students. The questions in the survey will be constructed in a way that the
participants feel comfortable in answering. For instances, statements describing intense
situation or issues will be toned down to accommodate the knowledge preparedness of
the respondents. In this way, the survey will be conducted to obtain valid responses from
the participants. The gathered data will be thematically analyzed by the researchers to
arrive at an outcome.

Bea Luz L. Cabreros
Bea Rose S. Munoz
Research Procedure
The researchers will first get the approval and secure an official permission with
the principal and assistant principal before conducting the survey for the study.
The researchers will prepare fifteen (10) questions to be answered by the thirty
(50) participants. This study will use online survey. The survey questionnaire will be
answered by the participants through google form. The participants will be expected to
answer all the questions properly and with honesty. Personal information of the
participants will be highly considered to secure their privacy. The gathered data will be
tallied and thematically analyzed, and will be presented in graphical, tabular and textual
form.
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION , ANALYSIS , AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Bea Luz L. Cabreros
Bea Rose S. Munoz
This chapter is about the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data required
and gathered after all the data gathering procedures are conducted by the researchers.
This also includes the analysis and interpretation of these data for better understanding of
the results. The data presented in tabular form and explained textually.
Scale 4 3 2 1
Attribute Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree
Agree Disagree
Graph 1. Do you use Social Media?
Graph 2. Socio economic Status
As you can see in the graph 1, all the respondents used social media. While in the
graph 2, 49% of the respondents have high socio economic status, 43.1% of the
Bea Luz L. Cabreros
Bea Rose S. Munoz
respondents have medium socio economic status and 7.8% of the respondents have low
socio economic status.
Graph 3. Social Media Platforms
After asking the respondents, which social media platforms have they used in
their early age. It appears that most of them have used Messenger (44), Facebook (40),
Tiktok (30) and Instagram (28). While others have used Twitter (23), Pinterest (15) and
Snapchat (6).
Graph 4. Time of using Social Media

Bea Luz L. Cabreros
Bea Rose S. Munoz
Moreover, the graph shows the time they consume on social media. 29
respondents have consumed 5-12 hours a day, 12 respondents have consumed 13-24
hours a day and 10 of the respondents have consumed 0-4 hours a day.
Graph 5.
Furthermore, this graph shows what age did the respondents start using the social
media. It shows that 24 respondents started using the social media in their middle
childhood, 15 respondents started using it in their young teens, 8 respondents started
using the social media in their early childhood, 2 repondents started using it at the age of
15-17 years old, 1 respondent started in their preschoolers and 1 respondent started in
their adulthood.
Table 1. Social Media Influence

Statements 4 3 2 1 Mean Descriptive
Equivalent
1. I’m wasting time on social media that should be spent on 10 7 18 10 2.49 Strongly
my studies Disagree
2. I became really agitated / disturbed if I was not kept up to 13 9 9 13 2.1 Strongly
date on social media. Disagree
According to table 1,statement 1, most of the respondents strongly disagree that

they are wasting time on social media that should be spent on their studies. Statement 2,
most of the respondents strongly disagree that they are disturbed when they are not
updated on social media.
Table 2. Academic Performance
Equivalent
1. I can effortlessly work since I was introduced early on to the 13 30 3 5 3.00 Agree
usage of social media as a tool to further my studies.
Bea Luz L. Cabreros
Bea Rose S. Munoz
2. My grades have improved as a result of my participation in 14 30 1 6 3.02 Agree
social media sites.
3. With the support of social media, I am able to participate in 20 28 0 3 3.27 Agree
my academics actively.
4. I am diverted / easily distracted from my academics when I 1 4 13 12 1.06 Disagree
am exposed to social media
Table 2, statement 1,computed mean(3.00) shows that the respondents agree, it

can be interpreted that the respondents can effortlessly work since the usage of social
media was introduced early as a tool to further their studies. Statement 2, computed mean
(3.02) shows that the respondents agree, it can be interpreted that the respondent’s grades
have improved as a result of their participation in social media sites. Statement
3,computed mean(3.27) shows that the respondents agree because with the support of
social media, they are able to participate in their academics actively. In contrast,
statement 4, computed mean(1.06) shows that the respondents disagree, it can be
interpreted that they are distracted from their academics when they are exposed to social
media.
Table 3A. Peer’s Influence
Equivalent
1. I cannot communicate properly with my peers in real life 6 16 11 18 2.20 Strongly
because of social media. Disagree
2. I’m finding it easier to interact with my colleagues thanks 27 20 3 1 3.43 Agree
to the utilization of social media.
Legend:
3.50 – 4.00 Strongly Agree
2.50 – 3.49 Agree
1.50 – 2.49 Strongly Disagree
1.00 – 1.49 Disagree
According to the table 3A, statement 1 the computed mean (2.20) the respondents
can’t communicate properly with their peers in real life while using social media. In
contrast, table 3A statement 2 computed mean(3.43) shows that the respondents agree, it
can be interpreted that the respondents could interact more with their peers through the
utilization of social media. Therefore, even if social media plays with a huge role in terms
of social communication if does not hinder completely in their real life connection.

Bea Luz L. Cabreros
Bea Rose S. Munoz
Bea Luz L. Cabreros
Bea Rose S. Munoz
Bea Luz L. Cabreros
Bea Rose S. Munoz

Advantages and Disadvantages of Early Social Media Exposure Among Stem 12 Students

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Early Social Media Exposure Among Stem 12 Students

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EARLY SOCIAL MEDIA

EXPOSURE AMONG STEM 12 STUDENTS

Leanne Aubry R. Ramos

Mr. Dave DG. Angeles

Background of the Study

concerning. Academic performance which is depicted by the grades of students is a great

and it is believed that their academic performance diminishes proportionately. It is

performance among grade 12 students.

In recent years, social networks have had a significant influence on student

achievement. Students in a variety of fields experience numerous opportunities and

challenges as an outcome of these networks. Addiction to social networking and its

networking addiction and academic performance among Bayambang National High

Leanne Aubry R. Ramos 2

information and information resources, reduce barriers to group interaction and

telecommunications , support collaborative learning activities ,encourage learners to learn

more about self-learning ,increase engagement and learner’s motivation ,enhance

networks(Selwyn, 2012) In addition to providing opportunities in facilitating and

theory, behavioral explanation, biomedical explanation, and cognitive explanation.

the psychological shocks or emotional deficiencies in childhood, personality traits, and

Leanne Aubry R. Ramos 3

in extra curriculum activities promotes academic achievement (Skinner & Belmont,

Statement of the Problem

1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of;

c) social economic status

a) academic activities b) behavior

Leanne Aubry R. Ramos 4

Significance of the Study

This study is one of the few to do a focused investigation on the relationship

Specifically, the study aims to be significant to the following:

Policymakers and developers. The study will allow policymakers and

developers to adopt more effective policies regarding age restriction and

regulation on underage users in the internet.

Psychologists. The study will allow psychologists to develop coping

mechanisms and development strategies for teenagers that experience adverse

behavior drawbacks from early exposure to social media.

School Administrators. The study will allow school administrators to

Leanne Aubry R. Ramos 5

consequences of allowing their children to explore social media unsupervised at a

and excessive social media exposure on their growth.

for further development, especially if they plan to pursue similar topics.

Scope and Delimitations

exposure among Grade 12 Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

internet at ages eighteen below to qualify as a respondent/participant in the study. The

Bayambang Senior High School.

The study will be conducted on the school year 2021-2022.

Leanne Aubry R. Ramos 6

are defined and used consequently:

Behavioral Effect. The effect of a phenomenon to the behavior.

Influence. To affect or produce effect in an individual’s action, behavior, belief

Online Platform. An internet website, web application, or digital application that

is accessed by the public.

Social Network. A dedicated website or other application which enables users to

Social Networking. The action of using dedicated websites and applications to

Leanne Aubry R. Ramos 7

Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.

Young user. An individual that used social media at age 18 below.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

games. It also keeps him updated about people’s birthdays.

more that can alter the behavior of one’s self.

Parents have a huge responsibility in guiding their child. As a matter of fact, in

(COPPA), which prohibits Websites from collecting information on children younger

those under 13 are not allowed to create an account.