Exercise 2.

4
P.117
26. Prove the statement using the ε and δ definition of a limit.

lim x3 = 0
x→0

< pf >
1
Given ε > 0 take δ = ε 3 > 0
1
if 0 < |x − 0| < δ = ε 3
then |x − 0| = |x| < δ 3 = ε
3 3

30. Prove the statement using the ε and δ definition of a limit.

lim (x2 + 2x − 7) = 1
x→2

< pf >
Given ε > 0 take δ = min{1, 7ε } > 0
if 0 < |x − 2| < δ
then |(x2 + 2x − 7) − 1| = |x2 + 2x − 8| = |x + 4||x − 2| < |x + 4|δ < 7δ < ε
(∵ |x − 2| < δ ≤ 1 ∴ |x + 4| < 7)

P.118
36. Prove that
1 1
lim =
x→2 x 2
< pf >
Given ε > 0 take δ = min{1, 2ε} > 0
if 0 < |x − 2| < δ
then |( x1 ) − 12 | = | 2−x
2x | < | 2x | < | 2 | < ε
δ δ

(∵ |x − 2| < δ ≤ 1 ∴ 1 ≤ x ≤ 3 ∧ |2x| > 2)

37. Prove that

√ √
lim x= a
x→a

< pf > √
Given ε > 0 take δ = aε > 0
|x − a|√< δ
if 0 < √
then | x − a| = | √x−a√ | < √ δ √ < | √δ | < ε
x+ a x+ a a

39. If the function f is defined by

{
0 , if x is irrational
f (x) =
1 , if x is rational
prove that lim f (x) does not exist.
x→0
< pf >
Take ε = 1
2 ∀δ > 0{ if 0 < |x − 0| < δ
|0 − 0| = 0 , if x is irrational
∵ |f (x) − f (0)| =
|1 − 0| = 1 , if x is rational
∴ lim f (x) does not exist
x→0

42. Prove, using Definition 6, that

1
lim =∞
x→−3 (x + 3)4
< pf >
1
Given M > 0 take δ = √ 4
M
>0
if 0 < |x − (−3)| < δ ⇒ |x + 3| < δ
1 1 1
then f (x) = (x+3)4 = |x+3|4 > δ 4 = M

1
43. Prove that
lim ln x = −∞
x→0+

< pf >
Given N < 0 take δ = eN > 0
if 0 < x − 0 < δ ⇒ x < δ
then f (x) = ln x < ln δ = N

44. Suppose that lim f (x) = ∞ and lim g(x) = c, where c is a real number.
x→a x→a
Prove each statement.
(a) lim [f (x) + g(x)] = ∞
x→a
(b) lim [f (x)g(x)] = ∞ if c > 0
x→a
(c) lim [f (x)g(x)] = −∞ if c < 0
x→a
< pf >
∵ lim f (x) = ∞ ∧ lim g(x) = c
x→a x→a
∴Given M1 , ε > 0 ∃ δ1 , δ2 then take δ = min{δ1 , δ2 }
if 0 < |x − a| < δ
then f (x) > M1 ∧ |g(x) − c| < ε (i.e c − ε < g(x) < c + ε)
(a) Now for any M > 0 take M1 = M − c + ε
if 0 < |x − a| < δ
then f (x) + g(x) > M1 + c − ε = M
(b) Now for any M > 0 take M1 = c−ε M
∧ c−ε>0
if 0 < |x − a| < δ
then f (x)g(x) > M1 (c − ε) = M
(c) Now for any N < 0 take M1 = c+ε N
∧ c+ε<0
if 0 < |x − a| < δ
then f (x)g(x) < M1 (c + ε) = N