DEPARTAMENTO DE HUMANIDADES Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES

CARRERA DE TRABAJO SOCIAL

Materia: Ingles IV

2° PARCIAL ORAL.

TEMA:

CHILD LABOUR

DOCENTE: SUSANA MOYANO

ALUMNA: VELAZQUEZ

TURNO TARDE .

AULA 230.

CURSO 8

Fecha de parcial: 24/06/2019

INTRODUCTION

Good afternoon, ladies and gentelmen. First of all, let me thank you all for
coming here today. Let me introduce myself. I’m Nancy Velazquez. I’m the
Director of Ministry of Social Development here at the City Government.
Today’s topic is Child Labor. The topic is very important for us because we have
to be aware of this problem, which is a very serious part of everyday life
although we do not see it. By the end of this talk you will be familiar with
concepts sach as child labour, main causes of chaild labour and social
conscience to reduce or eliminate this problem.

I’ve divided my presentation into three parts. I’ll start off by giving the definition
of Child Labor. After that, I’ll move on to the different causes of child labor.
Finally, I’ll end talk about how child labor can be eliminated. My talk will take a
few minutes and in the end you will have time for some questions.

CHILD LABOUR

Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives
children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school,
and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This
practice is considered exploitative by many international organizations.
Legislation across the world prohibits child labour. Child labour predominantly
occurs in the rural areas (70%) and informal urban sector (26%). Contrary to
popular beliefs, most child labourers are employed by their parents rather than
in manufacturing or formal economy. Accurate present day child labour
information is difficult to obtain because of disagreements between data
sources as to what constitutes child labour. In some countries, government
policy contributes to this difficulty.

CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR

There are many causes that could explain the child labor:

Primary causes
International Labour Organisation suggests poverty is the greatest single cause
behind child labour. For impoverished households, income from a child's work is
usually crucial for his or her own survival or for that of the household.

Lack of meaningful alternatives, such as affordable schools and quality

education is another major factor driving children to harmful labour. Many
communities, particularly rural areas where between 60–70% of child labour is
prevalent, do not possess adequate school facilities.

Cultural causes

In many cultures, particular where the informal economy and small household
businesses thrive, the cultural tradition is that children follow in their parents'
footsteps; child labour then is a means to learn and practice that trade from a
very early age. Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill
development of children.

Macroeconomic causes

Macroeconomic causes encouraged widespread child labour across the world,

over most of human history. The causes for child labour include both the
demand and the supply side. While poverty and unavailability of good schools
explain the child labour supply side, they suggest that the growth of low-paying
informal economy rather than higher paying formal economy is amongst the
causes of the demand side.

Eliminating child labour

Concerns have often been raised over the buying public's moral complicity in
purchasing products assembled or otherwise manufactured in developing
countries with child labour. However, others have raised concerns that
boycotting products manufactured through child labour may force these children
to turn to more dangerous or strenuous professions, such as prostitution or
agriculture.
The International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC),
founded in 1992, aims to eliminate child labour. It operates in 88 countries and
is the largest program of its kind in the world. IPEC works with international and
government agencies, NGOs, the media, and children and their families to end
child labour and provide children with education and assistance.

Conclusion

To sum up, child labor is the employment of children in any work that deprives
them of their childhood. It has different types of causes, such as primary
causes, cultural causes and macroeconomic causes. Child labor can be
eliminated by uniting the efforts of governments and different organizations all
around the world, by giving access to education and preventing the causes of
exploitation. Also, it can be related to the process of globalization, because child
labor has a big market demand as it’s cheaper and it can be more productive
than adult labor in certain industries.

With the globalization, the world is getting smaller, but the production chains are
longer. In this context, how can companies guarantee ethical production, free of
child labor and supporter of decent work for adults? How do we, the consumers,
react to the risk that certain children might be involved in the production of the
food we eat, the clothes we wear, and the products we use?

Child labor has a greater market demand for being cheaper and potentially
more productive than adult labor in certain industries. Among all regions, Africa
has the largest amount of child labor. In fact, more than half of the countries that
are the worst for child labor are located in Africa.

It has a relation with the novel a “Brave New World”, in which the epsilons and
the deltas are destined to work as the servants of the others castes and do the
job that nobody wants to do. Also they are trained to think that that reality is the
best for them, and the only one that they deserve and need. As children they
are trained to think this, and live that way till the day they die.

That’s all I have to say about this issue. Thank you very much for your
attention. Would you like to ask any question?