Feedback

 Exist when the output of a system is connected to the

input in such a way that waveforms appearing at the
output affect the input signal
Types of Feedback
 Depending on the relative polarity of the signal being
fed back into a circuit
 Negative Feedback
 Results in decreased voltage gain
 Positive Feedback
 Drives a circuit into oscillation
Feedback
Positive Feedback
Negative Feedback
Negative Feedback
 A process whereby a portion of the output is returned
to the input with a phase angle that opposes the input
signal
Negative Feedback Characteristics
 Reduced voltage gain
 Better stabilized voltage gain
 Improved frequency response
 Lower output impedance
 Reduced noise
 More linear operation
Feedback Connection Types
 Voltage-series feedback
 Voltage-shunt feedback
 Current-series feedback
 Current-shunt feedback
Feedback Connection Terms
 Voltage
 refers to connecting the output voltage as input to the
feedback network
 Current
 refers to tapping off some output current through the
feedback network
 Series
 refers to connecting the feedback signal in series with the
input signal voltage
 Shunt
 refers to connecting the feedback signal in shunt (parallel)
with an input current source
Feedback Connection
 Series feedback
 tend to increase the input resistance
 Shunt feedback
 tend to decrease the input resistance
 Voltage feedback
 tends to decrease the output impedance
 Current feedback
 tends to increase the output impedance
 Voltage-Series Feedback Amplifier

VO
A=
Vi

Vf
=
VO

Voltage Series
refers to connecting the output refers to connecting the feedback
voltage as input to the feedback signal in series with the input signal
network voltage
 Voltage Shunt Feedback
VO
A=
Ii

If
=
VO

Voltage Shunt
refers to connecting the output refers to connecting the feedback signal
voltage as input to the feedback in shunt (parallel) with an input current
network source
 Current Series Feedback

IO
A=
Vi

Vf
=
IO

Current Series
refers to tapping off some output refers to connecting the feedback
current through the feedback signal in series with the input signal
network voltage
 Current Shunt Feedback

IO
A=
Ii

If
=
IO

Current Shunt
refers to tapping off some output refers to connecting the feedback signal
current through the feedback in shunt (parallel) with an input current
network source
Impedance Summary
Zi Zo

Voltage-Series Increase Decrease

Voltage-Shunt Decrease Decrease

Current-Series Increase Increase

Current-Shunt Decrease Increase

Gain with Feedback
Voltage Series Feedback
Voltage Series Feedback

gain with feedback is the amplifier gain reduced by

the factor (1+βA)
VOLTAGE-SHUNT FEEDBACK
Voltage Series Feedback
Voltage Series Feedback
VOLTAGE-SHUNT FEEDBACK
VOLTAGE-SHUNT FEEDBACK

Zi
Z if =
1 + A
Voltage Series Feedback
Voltage Series Feedback
Current Series Feedback
Current Series Feedback

Z of = = Z o (1 + A)
V
I
Output Impedance with Feedback
Summary
Example
Solution
Solution