 Probably the most used of the op-amp

circuits
 Provide means of algebraically summing
(adding) voltages, each multiplied by a
constant gain factor
You can use this as
MIXER on the input
side of your
amplifier
 The feedback component used is a capacitor
 Simulates mathematical integration, which is
basically a summing process that determines the
total area under the curve of a function.
 Useful in triangular-wave oscillators
Vi=0V
 The capacitor voltage
 The rate of change
▪ Rate at which the capacitor charges and
therefore the slope of the ramp

Vout Vin
=−
t Ri C
 Determine the rate of change of the output voltage
response to the input square wave as shown for the
integrator circuit below. The output voltage is initially
zero. The pulse width is 100us
 Describe the output and draw the waveform.
Rate of change of the output Rate of change of the output voltage
voltage during the time the input during the time the input is negative
is positive (capacitor charging) (capacitor discharging)

Vout V Vout Vin

= − in =+
t Ri C t Ri C
Vout 5V Vout 50mV
=− =
t 10k  0.01F t s
Vout 50kV − 50mV
=− =
t s s
 When the input is at +2.5V, the output is a
negative-going ramp. When the input is at -2.5V,
the output is a positive-going ramp.
Vout
Vout =  TPW
t
50mV
Vout = 100 s
s
Vout = 5V
 Summing Integrator Circuit

Component Values
Integrated Circuit Representation
 Produces an output that is proportional to
the rate of change of the input voltage.
 Capacitor is the input element and the
resistor is the feedback element.
 Determine the output voltage of the op-amp
differentiator for the triangular-wave input
shown.
 Simply compares two analog voltages on its
input terminals, depending on which voltage
is larger the output will be VCC(logic 1) or 0V
(logic 0)
 Extensively used in alarm circuits and
computers.