9

SCIENCE
LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET
Quarter 2 - Week 6:
Recognize the general classes
and uses of organic
compounds
Science – Grade 9
Learner's Activity Sheet
Quarter 2 – Week 6: Recognize the general classes and uses of organic
compounds
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Writer: Ma. Shopiel Kate Villa
Editor: Carmen R. Lim
Reviewer: Carmen R. Lim
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 LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET IN SCIENCE 9
QUARTER 2, WEEK 6

Name: ___________________________ Grade & Section: _______________

School: __________________________ Teacher: _______________________

Competencies: Recognize the general classes and uses of organic compounds. (S9MT-
IIh-18)
General Reminders: Use this activity sheet with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s
on any part of the activity sheet. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises. Read the directions carefully before doing each task. Return this activity sheet
to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

Explore

In this lesson, you will get to know, how unique the carbon atom is. This lesson
will answer particularly how the structure of the carbon atom affects the types of bond
it forms: single bond (C-C), double bond (C=C), and triple bond (C≡C). The structural
formulas of carbon and other atoms will show you the exact way of connecting them to
each other using a short, straight line, known as a bond.

But beforehand, do the following simple activity to recall your previous knowledge
regarding the lesson:
ple
Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer. Write the corresponding letter of your choice on
the blank provided before each number.

____ 1 An organic (carbon molecule) bond represents ____?

a. a transfer of protons c. a pair of shared electrons
b. a transfer of electrons d. a pair of shared protons

____ 2 Carbon can bond to ?

a. H b. N c. O d. all of these

____ 3 Carbon atom forms how many bonds?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

____ 4 Which of the following pairs, is highly flammable?

a. gasoline; acetone c. oil; vinegar
b. water; ethanol d. LPG; kerosene

____ 5 Princess wants to remove her nail polish. What must she use?
a. gasoline c. ethanol
b. vinegar d. acetone

____ 6 Most organic compounds have (a. lower; b. higher) boiling and melting point as
compared to inorganic compound.
____ 7 What is the common uses of methane?
a. disinfectant c. fertilizer
b. artificial ripening agent d. fuel

____ 8 Which alkane would likely to have a very low boiling point?
a. butane b. hexane c. pentane d. propane

____9 To which group of hydrocarbons does the molecule with the structure given:

a. alkane b. alkene c. alkyne d. none of these

____ 10) How many types of bonds are there in the given hydrocarbon compound:

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

Learn

Going through this Learner’s Activity Sheet you will recognize the general
classes and uses of organic compounds.

Carbon is the same element present in all living things and some non-living
things, such as paper, coal, and diamond. Carbon forms organic compounds with
other many atoms like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and halogens, which can form
complex structures. The structural formula is preferred instead of using the
molecular formula because it shows the exact ways in which the atoms are
connected to each other in a form of bond.

The compounds which contain carbon forms with H, N, O and few other elements
are usually called organic compounds. All these are obtained from plants and
animals and their changed remains like coal and petroleum. Sugars, starches,
oils and proteins are examples of carbon compound obtained from plants and
animals. While hydrocarbons, such as hexane and benzene, are examples of
carbon compound obtained from coal and petroleum.

Organic compounds have low thermal stability and usually decompose, easily
char and burn when heated. Thus, organic compounds have lower melting points
and boiling points due to its weaker bonds -which is the covalent bond.

Salt (NaCl) is classified as inorganic compound that has higher melting point as
compared to sugar (C12H22O11). Sugar easily melts in the presence of flame or fire
and eventually changes into black color. This is an evidence that organic
compound has weaker bond, its chemical properties changes like the color, odor
and taste.
 http://www.mcutter.com/nat/experiment626/

05/21/2020, 20:00

Lewis Structure of Carbons and Hydrogens

The only distinguishable characteristic of organic compounds is that all contain

the element carbon. Carbon is the most common element present in all
biodegradable materials. Carbon has a unique ability to bond together, may form
a long chains and rings.
The ground-state electron configuration (lowest-energy arrangement) of an atom
is a description of the orbitals that the atom’s electrons occupy. The Carbon (6C12)
atom with electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p2 has four (4) electrons on its
valence shell (outer shell). While hydrogen (1H) with electron configuration of
1s1has one (1) valence electron.

G.N. Lewis in 1916 proposed a shared-electron bond and now called covalent
bond. The carbon bonded to other atoms, not by losing nor gaining, instead by
sharing its electrons.

The four (4) valence electrons of carbon represents the

4 dots of carbon in its Lewis structure:

So, with one dot for hydrogen atom:

A stable molecule results when a valence octet of electrons (Octet Rule) has been
achieved for all atoms in a molecule, as shown below:

Carbon has 4 valence electrons that can form a maximum of four covalent bonds.
Bonds are usually represented by a short, straight line connecting the atoms,
with each bond representing a shared pair of electrons.
Practice Exercises/Activity
I. In your everyday activities, you may have come across articles or items that
you find are very useful and make daily living comfortable. In this lesson,
hydrocarbons will be further discussed and it is hoped that appreciation will be
one of the end realizations elicited from you.

The activity below will give you common examples of hydrocarbons and their
special uses. Unscramble the bold italic letters and look for the correct words
in the word search below. Encircle your answers.

● Things like Styrofoam food

containers you get from a 24-hour
shop to grab something to eat are
now normal occurrences. Food
containers such as these are made
of an unsaturated hydrocarbon
called eytrsen.
● Themnae, a major component of
natural gas, is used for home
heating in cold countries.
● Netehe is a plant hormone that
plays important roles in seed
germination and ripening of fruits.
● Yntehe is a highly reactive molecule
used in oxyacetylene torches.
● Utbnea, used as fuel for cigarette
lighters and portable stoves, is also
a propellant in aerosols, a heating
fuel, a refrigerant, and used in the
manufacture of a wide range of
products.
*wordsearch was created
fromhttps://worksheets.theteacherscorner.net/
make-your-own/word-search/#top

II. COLORING IS FUN!

In the next activity, you will match the correct number from column A to the
corresponding prefix in column B. You are to color the boxes containing prefixes
in Column B with the color of the number in column A.

A B
 Engage

Let’s Investigate!

In our daily activities, we usually encounter common products containing

hydrocarbon compounds at home or anywhere. Classify the corresponding pictures to
the class of hydrocarbon it belongs.

Complete the table by writing the name of the product on the first column and then
classify the product as to the kind of hydrocarbon group it belongs to by checking the
appropriate column.

Products Alkane Alkene Alkyne

 Apply

Hydrocarbon structures can also be determined through its name based on the
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).

HYDROCARBON NOMENCLATURE

The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has established
rules in order to systematize the naming of hydrocarbon molecules. The process of
naming is shown below.

Table 3. Steps in Naming Hydrocarbons

Determine the following Steps in Naming

Type No. of
Carbon Classes of Combine
of Suffix Carbon Prefix Suffix
Compounds Hydrocarbons prefix+suffix
Bonds Atoms
Saturated
Alkane Single -ane 2 Eth- -ane ethane
Hydrocarbon
Unsaturated Alkene Double -ene 3 Prop- -ene propene
Hydrocarbon Alkyne Triple -yne 4 But- -yne butyne

In naming, we determine the number of carbon atoms in the compound and look for
the equivalent prefix. Prefixes are added to the "ene" or "yne" final syllable where more
than 1 multiple bond is present. The first few prefixes for these are:

No. of carbon Prefix

atoms
1 meth-
2 eth-
3 prop-
4 but-
5 pent-
6 hex-
7 hept-
8 oct-
9 non-
10 dec-
Note: There are aromatic compounds (cyclic hydrocarbons) whose naming rules you shall take up in
more advanced classes in the future
Name the five hydrocarbons below following the IUPAC rules.

Post Test

Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer. Write the corresponding letter of your choice on the
blank provided before each number.

____ 1. Carbon atom forms how many bonds?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

____ 2. Carbon can bond to ?

a. H b. N c. O d. all of these

____ 3. An organic (carbon molecule) bond represents ?

a. a transfer of protons c. a pair of shared electrons
b. a transfer of electrons d. a pair of shared protons

____ 4. Most organic compounds have (a. lower; b. higher) boiling and melting point as compared
to inorganic compound.

____ 5. Which of the following pairs is highly flammable?

a. gasoline; acetone c. oil; vinegar
b. water; ethanol d. LPG; kerosene

____ 6. Princess wants to remove her nail polish. What must she use?
a. gasoline c. ethanol
b. vinegar d. acetone

____ 7. Which alkane would likely to have a very low boiling point?
a. butane b. hexane c. pentane d. propane

____ 8. What is the common use of methane?

a. disinfectant c. fertilizer
b. artificial ripening agent d. fuel
____ 9. How many types of bonds are there in the given hydrocarbon compound:

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

____10. To which group of hydrocarbons does the molecule with the structure below?

a. alkane b. alkene c. alkyne d. none of these

 Mono- Violet
Di- Green
Tri- Blue
Tetra- Red
Pent- Yellow
Hex- Light Blue
Hept- Orange
Oct- Violet
Non- Green
POST TEST
1) D
2) D II.
3) C
4) A • Styrene
5) D • Methane
6) D
7) D • Ethene
8) D • Ethyne
9) B • Butane
10) C Practice Exercises/Activity
Post Test
Pre-Assessment
1) C
2) D
3) D
4) D
I. 5) D
6) A
• Styrene 7) D
• Methane 8) D
• Ethene 9) C
10) B
Apply Explore
Answer Key