Internship Report 22 Gcettb

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &
TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY BERHAMPORE

Berhampore, West-Bengal
TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORTON ANUBHA

INDUSTRIESPRIVATE LIMITED
SUBMITTED BY:
BABARALI SK
UJJAL KUMAR MONDAL
Bachelor of Textile Technology

Government Collage of Engineering & Textile Technology, Berhampore.
SUBMITTED TO:
Anubha Industries Private Limited
Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Taluka Palsana, Surat-394315,Gujarat, In
Anubha Industries Private Limited Government College Of
Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Taluka Engineering & Textile Technology ,
Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, India Behrampore
Govt, of west Bengal
ACKNOWLEDGENT
Government Collage Of Engineering & Textile Technology ,Berhampore

gave us an excellent opportunity to learn about the textile industry by
allowing us to complete an internship at Anubha Industries Private Limited in
Surat. We would also like to thank our mentors, Mr. Chandresh Rathod and
Kashyap Pandya Sir, for guiding us throughout our industry visit
We would also like to thank Dr. Subhashis Das , our faculty guide, for
providing us with a good assignment guideline throughout numerous
consultations. We would also like to express our heartfelt appreciation to all
those who have directly or indirectly assisted us in writing this report,
including all employees and workers at Anubha Industries Private Limited
Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Engineering & Textile
Taluka Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, Technology , Behrampore
India Govt, of west Bengal
Topic
Summary 5
Introduction 6
Company Overview 7
About Anubha Industries Private Limited 8
Internship Schedule 9
Process Flow Chart of Anubha Industries Private
10
Limited
Raw Material 11
Warping Process
Warping 13
Rope Dyeing 18
Re-beaming 25
Sizing 28
Taluka Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, India Technology , Behrampore
ANUBHA
Wet Processing
Singeing 41
Desizing 45
Bleaching 49
Mercerisation 53
Dyeing 58
Finishing
Stentering 62
Sanforisation 65
Conclusion 69
SUMMARY This report is about our textile

internship at Anubha Industries Private Limited. The primary goal of this
internship was to gain a thorough understanding of the textile industry's process
flow, from raw materials to fabric finishing. During the internship, we went
through various departments such as raw material sourcing, winding, warping,
rope dyeing, weaving, dyeing, packaging, and shipment.
We saw the process and learned the finer points of the textile industry's operations
during this internship. We had been given the task of conducting a thorough
analysis into the industry's technical processes. Reeling, winding, warping, and
weaving were the first steps in the process. We saw various weave structures and
studied loom production in the weaving area. In addition, we looked into finishing
procedures.
We've learned about this efficient industry, as well as the manufacturing and
planning processes. All of the qualified assigned professionals assisted and
directed us in studying and learning various parts of the sector as part of oud
internship programme.
Government College Of
Anubha Industries Private Limited Engineering & Textile
Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Taluka Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, India Technology , Behrampore
ANUBH Govt, of west Bengal
A
INTRODUCTION
The textile industry is largely concerned with garment design and

manufacture, as well as textile distribution and consumption. It is based
on the transformation of fibre into yarn, which is then transformed into
fabric. The textile sector is unique in that it is selfcontained from raw
material requirements through finished goods, with significant value
added at each stage of production.
Textile internship is a module in the apparel production programme

that focuses on studying the process of obtaining raw materials,
spinning, warping, weaving, dying, printing, and quality control
procedures in the textile sector. The purpose of this internship is to see
how a textile production unit works and how it is processed.
Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Taluka Government College Of Engineering
Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, India & Textile Technology , Behrampore
COMPANY OVERVIEW
Company Name: Anubha Industries Private Limited
CIN: U18100GJ2012PTC072459
Company Status: Active
RoC: RoC - Ahmedabad
Company Category: Company limited by Shares
Company Sub Category: Non-govt company
Class of Company: Private
Date of Incorporation: 26 October 2012
Age of Company: 9 years 9 months
Activity: Manufacture of Wearing apparel

Address: Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Taluka Palsana, Surat- 394315,
Gujarat, India
ABOUT ANUBHA INDUSTRIES PRIVATE LIMITED,SURAT
Anubha Industries Ltd specialises in sustainable denim and piece dyed fabric
solutions. It is part of the Pratibha Group, which has a rich history in textiles
and manufacturing dating back over 30 years.
With over 600 employees and its headquarters in Surat, the company
manages the entire industrial chain, from fabric to finished product. Anubha
Industries has invested in cutting-edge facilities that include rope dyeing,
weaving, finishing, coating, printing, and material testing capabilities. This
allows us to respond to customer needs more quickly and reduces our reliance
on thirdparty suppliers.
The company is proud of its ability to grow its business in India and abroad
while balancing the interests of stakeholders, employees, consumers, and
society.
Anubha Industries places a premium on the customer and their

satisfaction.This includes meeting the customer's expectations in terms of
products and services delivered. It is a fundamental principle for all
employees, whether in production, sales, accounting, customer service, R&
or purchasing. Every
• 1 _1 ! _11__ mi_ ! ! 1 _1 ! j _1_

employee makes a contribution in their field. It seek new ways to deliver
Date Task
6th July to 9th July Overall F actory Visit
10th July to 13th July Warping Section (Types of Warping an

Dyeing)
13th July to 17th July Warping Section (Re-Beaming and Siz
18th July to 22th July Product Development Section (Wea

Diagram)
23th July to 25th July Weaving Section (Drawing, Knottin
Weaving)
Weaving Section (Loom Study) & Fin
26th July to 28th July Section
29th July to 31th July Finishing & Inspection
• 1 _1 ! _11__ mi_ ! ! 1 _1 ! j _1_
1 August
st
Overall Visit and Doubt Clearing Se
• 1 _1 ! _11__ mi_ ! ! 1 _1 ! j _1_

Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Taluka Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, India Engineering & Textile
Technology , Behrampore
Govt. of west Bengal
PROCESS FLOW CHART OF ANUBHA INDUSTRIES PRIVATE LIMITED
cn
>
RAW MATERIAL
Yarns are basic requirement for production of fabric. Instead of their own yarn, the
company gets it from other factories. The yarns come in the form of hanks or cheese.
Some yarns that are used for fabric are:

• Cotton (Ring and Open End)
• Cotton Lycra
• Slub Yarn
• Polyester
• Poly Lycra
• Poly Viscous
Yarn Supplier Companies
10 OE Cotton Shivtex Spinning & Vippy Spinning
yarn
16 OE Cotton Shivtex Spinning & Narmada Spinners
yarn
300/144 + 40D
Spandex
Suraj Industries
170/108 + 40D
Spandex
14 PSF 70D CSY Dharanidhara
Slub
WARPINGPROCESS
WARPING :
The parallel winding of yarn from a cone or cheese package onto a warp
beam is known as warping. Warping involves gathering a predetermined
number of ends from a set of wound packages and transferring them in
sheet form to a weavers beam.
Objective of warping
There are two main objective of the warping:
• Collection of the number of the yarns end required in the fabrics
• Winding a specific type of the package as required by subsequent
process i.e. warper’s beam or ball etc.
Warning flow process chart
Direct Beam Warping

In this system single end of the yarn from the cones or packages are directly wounded on the warping
beams. This is the winding of total number of warp ends in full width in a single operation from creeled
bobbin.
This process or system is used for the mass production. This is used to make smaller intermediate
beams called warper’s beams. These smaller beams are combined later at the sizing stage to produce
the weaver’s beam. This process is called beaming. Therefore, for if the weaver’s beam contains 10,000
warp ends, then there would be-say - 10 warper’s beams of 1,000 ends each. If this weavers were to be
made in one stage, the creel would have to have 10,000 yarn packages, which is impossible to manage.
Manufacture Prashant Westpoint
Model Long Chain Beamer

No. of Machine
1
Creel Capacity 756
Working Width 1400mm to 2400 mm
Flange Diameter 800mm to 1400mm
Max. Mechanical Speed 1200mpm
Max Warping Speed lOOOmpm
Max Warping Capacity 20000m

Ball warping
Ball warping is the process in which warping is performed in rope form on to
wooden ball. It involves creeling multiple ends of yarn and collecting them
into an untwisted rope for dyeing. The rope is wound onto a long cylinder
called a log on a machine called as a ball warper. The main object of ball
warping is to prepare log for the rope dyeing machine. Here magazine type of
creels is used for the creeling of yarns in the form of cheese. The no. of ends
taken one as per requirement of further processes that is for preparing the
weavers beam .According to no. of ends in each group, the respective creeling
is done to make the required no. of logs to be used at the creeling zone of rope
dyeing machine. Length of rope on log is generally 12830 m, the sheet of
yarns passes through the lese reed where lease are inserted, these facilities
denting the long the chain beaming. Lease are inserted at regular intervals
which can set automatically on the machine .generally after every lOOmts,
lease is inserted .lease also help in yarn separation after sizing.
.jie Anubha Industries Private Limited Government College Of
ANUBHA Taluka Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat Technology , Behrampore
Machine Specifications Used In Anubha Industries

Manufacture Prashant Westpoint
Model Ball Warper
No. of Machine 4
Creel Capacity 800

Working Width 46 inches
Ball Width 53 inches
Max Warping Speed 500mpm
Max Warping Capacity 18500m
Stop Motion Auto
Observations and Calculations :

Calculation 1 :
Yarn Count = 20 , Package Weight = 2.5 kg Total yarn package length = Count X
Package weight X 1693
= 20 X 2.5 X 1693
Calculation 2 : 84,650 m
Total production of direct warping in one hour = 15000m Actual production of

direct warping in one hour = 11050m Efficiency % = Actual Production
X 100
Total Production
= 73.67 %
Production in 24 hour = RPM X 24 X Efficiency = 250X24X73.67
= 442020m
ANUBH Taluka Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, Technology , Behrampore
A
Calculation 3
Total production of ball warping in one hour = 12000m Actual production of ball warping in
one hour = 9900m Efficiency % = Actual Production
X 100
Total Production
= 82.5 %
Production in 24 hour = RPM X 24 X Efficiency = 200 X 24 X 82.5
= 396000m
ROPE DYEING
Indigo dye's properties account for the wide range of colour designs available
on denim materials. Indigo is a one-of-a-kind textile dye due to its low affinity
for cotton fibre. The ball warp dyeing process rings dyes cotton due to the low
substantivity of indigo. Indigo dye concentrates in the outer layers o cotton
Skying
—il st Drying
Ball Warps Scouring Dyeing Wash Storage Tubs

Boxes
Indigo dye in its normal form is a vibrant blue, it is insoluble in water, and it
will not dye cotton fibre. In order to dye cotton, the indigo must be converted
to a water-soluble “leuco” form and then applied to the cotton. This
reduction process is termed as vatting. Reducing agents such as sodium
hydrosulphite with sodium hydroxide chemically convert the indigo dye to
its soluble form. This also temporarily converts the dye from its blue colour
to a very pale greenish yellow colour. The leuco form of indigo is readily
absorbed by the outer layers of the cotton yarn. In fact, the dye will start to
oxidize immediately when exposed to the air. The oxygen in air converts the
dye back to its original blue and insoluble form.
"jjp Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Engineering & Textile
ANUBHA Taluka Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, Technology , Behrampore
Chemical Used In Indigo Rope Dye

ANUBHA Technology , Behrampore
Working Process of Rope Dyeing
Pre-scouring: Ropes are fed into scouring baths where warp yarn is treated with wetting
agent, detergent, and caustic soda at 70°C-80°C during the
prescouringprocess. This process is used to remove trapped air from cotton yarnin order
to ensure uniform wetting and dyeing. The ropes are then fed intoone or morelrinsing
baths of water. It removes wax from cotton, as well as
naturally occurring impurities in cotton fibre yarn such as dirt, minerals,
pH.After a hot wash, the yarn is cold washed to reduce the temperature of theyarn, as
indigo dyeing is done at room temperature.
Dyeing: The yarn ropes are fed into dying machine after being prewashed, which
consists of a series of dye baths with various lower and upper rolls to twist and squeeze
the yarn ropes between the dye baths. Squeeze pressure is 5-10 tones during rope
dyeing. There are skying rolls over the middle set of numerous dye baths. They pass
through the skying rolls at roughly 20 to 30 m/min after soaking out of the first dye
bath and are dipped in leuco indigo dye fluid for 40-50 seconds before being skied for
80-100 seconds after leaving the dye box. The skying floor should be high
enough for the dye to completely oxidise. This procedure is done each dye liquid
box, followed by oxidation skying. For finer layers of indigo on t yarn surface,
more than six dye boxesare used.
ANUBHA
Post washing and softening: After dyeing, the ropes are washed in 60°C water to remove
the unfixed dye and remaining caustic from the yarn surface. Individual threads are
easily separated during the re-beaming process since washed ropes are lubricated. The
bath contains water, softener, and acetic acidfor lubricating, and it is applied at room
temperature.
•
Drying: The ropes are finally dried at temperatures ranging from 90°C - 120°C with an
8% humidity residue. Threads are not twisted by keeping dried yarn
ropes in a coiled form
Company Morrison
Model Rope Dyeing
No. of Machines 1
Production Capacity 28 m/min
Dyeing Tank Capacity 3000 litre
Creel Capacity 36
Steam Supply 5000 - 6000 lb/hr
Water Supply 500 - 600 lb/hr
Stop Motion Auto
Anubha Industries Private Limited Engineering & Textile
Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Taluka Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, India Technology , Behrampore
ANUBH Govt, of west Bengal
A
RE-BEAMING ( LONG CHAIN BEAMER )
After the rope colouring of twist yarn in denim generation, the following
task is the Long Chain Beamer (LCB). At the point when the rope has
been coloured and dried in the rope colouring range, it is taken in
expansive jars in coder segment. In rope colouring range, in the event that
the machine has a limit 24 ropes, at that point there will be 24 separate
coders which convey 24 ropes in discrete jars. These jars are exchanged to
the Long Chain Beaming territory. The fundamental motivation behind
long chain beamer is to open the rope into a sheet type of yarn and wind
onto a warper shaft which thusly exchanged to the measuring machine.
the coloured rope is change from a rope structure to a sheet structure. In
the Long Chain Beamer the rope pull from the can by moving them
upward to a managing gadget. The directing gadget is mounted over the
can, most likely in the roof. The upward development of the rope enables
the ropes to unravel before nearing the beamer head and enable the rc to
shake free frame from the remainder of the rope in the can.
Process Flow Chart of Long Chain Beamer

Engineering & Textile
Company Prashant Westpoint

Model LCB
No. of Machines 9
Production Capacity 400 m/min
Voltage 440v
Max Speed 500 RPM
Max Yarn Tension 450N
Working Width 1800 mm
Max Beam Flange Dia 1000 mm
SIZING
Sizing is a crucial procedure performed on warps made of insufficiently tenacious spun yarns or
continuous filament yarns with no twists. When sizing is required, the yarn beam is generally warped;
as a result, all beams matching to the beams are supplied to the sizing machine as soon as warping is
completed, where they are joined. Sizing is the process of impregnating yarn with certain compounds
that produce a coating on the yarn surface, improving yarn smoothness and tenacity during the
weaving stage.
Objective Of Sizing
• To improve the weave ability of warp yarn.
• To maintain good fabric quality by reducing hairiness, weakness, and
increasing smoothness and the yarn's strength.
• To increase the tensile or breaking strength for cellulose yarn.
• To increase the elasticity.
• To remove the projecting fibre.
• To reduce electrostatic formation for synthetic or blended yarn.
Working Process of Sizing
Single threads are taken from the cone packages and passed through a tension control guide at the
front of the creel and passed into yarn separating dents of a comb. After passing the comb, the yarn is
passed above the guide roller inthe size box and directly immersed into the size box by two
immersing rollers for predetermined size pick-up. Then the yarn is squeezed by one set of squeezing
rollers and it goes to the third zone which is non-contact drying; this is actuated by^RM electrical
stove installed in the drying zone. After the yarn is dried, it will pass to the winding zone. Winding is
performed on the weaver’s beam, which is driven by a sprocket chain mechanism. Finally, the
winding yarn on the weaver’s beam is directly used by the weaver to manufacture the
Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Taluka Engineering & Textile
Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, India Technology , Behrampore
ANUBHA
Process Flow Chart of Sizing

ANUB India Govt, of west Bengal
HA
Company Prashant Westpoint

Model Pacesetter Sizing Machine
No. of Machines 2
Machine Speed 40 - 80 m/min
Creel Capacity 16
Preparation Tank 90°C
ANUB Govt, of west Bengal
HA India
WEAVING
Weaving is a fabric-making technique in which two separate sets of yarns or
threads are intertwined at right angles to create a fabric or cloth. The warp is
the longitudinal threads, while the weft, or filling, is the lateral threads. The
way these threads are weaved together has an impact on the cloth's
qualities.The types of weave patterns produced in Anubha are as follows:
• Plain Weave
• Twill Weave
• Satin Weave
• Dobby Weave
Loom is a very necessary part for weaving. Loom is a machine or device
which is used for producing woven fabric. Loom are driven by two
ways.These are manual system and automatic system.
Weaving Motion
The conversion of warp sheet into fabric by interlacing with weft yarn
requires the basic operations to be carried out on loom in a specific order. M It
involves the primary motions, secondary motions and the stop motions.^
Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Taluka Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, India
Primary Motions of LoomGovernment College Of
Shedding:
ANUB Shedding is the separation of the warp yarn sheet created by some
harnesses lifting yarns upward while others remain in a down position. As a
HA
result, an opening (weave shed) is formed, allowing the filling yarns to

follow.In general, the more harnesses used on a given machine, the more
complex the design. Weaving machines that run 3/1 denim fabrics will use
four harnesses for the ground weave and, if necessary, two additional
harnesses for the selvage. Machines that run 2/1 denim fabrics use three
harnesses for the ground weave and two more for the selvage if necessary.
Filling Insertion: Various methods are used to get the filler yarn through the
weave shed. Projectile filling insertion or air jet filling insertion is used to
weave most denim textiles. Air jet is the fastest method, which can insert yarn
at a rate of 1400-2400 metres per minute. Denim is usually woven at 600 to
1000 picks per minute on most air jet machines. Pick-and-pick capability is
offered on many machines nowadays, allowing for the use of two different
filling yarn packages. Alternating picks from different yarn packages helps to
break up any repeating yarn pattern flaws in a package and decreases theyarn
withdrawal rate from each package.
Beat-up: The warp yarns pass through a comb-like device called the
reed. The reed recedes away from the newly formed fabric during filling
HA India
insertion and moves forward towards the fabric after pick insertion. This
forward motion “beats” each inserted pick into the fabric body at the fell-
of-the-cloth.
Secondary Motions of Loom : Let-off: The let-off device regulates the rate at
which the loom beam feeds warp yarn into the machine. Tension sensing
devices alert the let-off when more yarn is required to keep the warp yarn
tension consistent.
Take-up: This mechanism controls the rate at which the fabric is removed
from the weaving machine. The fewer picks per inch inserted into the fabric,
the faster the rate of take-up. The more picks per inch inserted into the
fabric,the slower the rate of take-up. The picks per inch in the fabric are
determined by the relationship between the let-off and take-up speeds.
ANUBH
Taluka Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, Technology,Behrampore
A India Govt, of west Bengal
Tertiary motion or Stop motions of loom

Tertiary motion is not necessary for fabric production. But these motions are used in
the interest of quality and productivity; stopping the loom immediately in case of
some problem. The tertiary motions are:
• Warp stop motion.

• Weft stop motion.
• Reed stop motion.
The warp stop motion will stop the loom in case any warp yarn breaks, avoiding
excessive damage to the warp threads. Similarly weft stop motion will come into
action in the absence of weft yarn, and stop the
loom.
HA India
Stop Motion Indicator

Light Colour Indication
Red Light Warp Breakage
Green Light Weft Breakage
White Light Manual Stop
Yellow Light Selvedge Leho Breakage
Yarn Flow In Weaving
Warp yarns are fed from the loom beam and pass over a whip roll or rollers,
which control yarn tension variations during weaving motions. The yarns are
then passed through drop wires, heddles, and a reed, which is a comb-like
device. Dents are the spaces between the reed wires that run across the width
of the reed. Each reed has a different number of dents per inch, with 12 to 18
being the most common for denim and denim-like fabrics. In standard 3/1 twill
denim fabrics, four warp yarns are typically drawn per dent. The heddles,
through which the yarn is threaded, are located in harness frames
A given harness is occupied by all warp yarns weaving similarly in a design
HA India
repeat. Before weaving, the reed determines the width of the warp yarn sheet
and the equal spacing of the yarns. It is also the mechanism that pushes
(beatsup) each inserted filling yarn (pick) into the body of the fabric at the "fell
of the cloth." The fell is the point at which yarns are transformed into fabric.
The warp yarn is now in fabric form and ready to be collected on a cloth roll.
Here machines have machine bottom layout inspection stands for easy
inspection of the fabric as it is woven prior to cloth roll take-up.
The flow of the filling yarn is a little easier. The filling yarn is fed into the
weaving machine from large packages located outside of the machine. The
yarn is removed from the package or packages and wound onto a storage
feeder, which keeps the yarn under constant tension for each pick insertion.
The yarn is then fed into the filling insertion mechanism, where it is inserted
across the separated warp yarns, which have formed a tunnel or path known as
a weave shed.
Company Toyota
Model JAT 810
No. of Machines 100 (99 Working + 1
Broken)
Loom Type Air Jet Loom
Shedding Type Electric
Max Speed 1200 RPM
Reed Space 81.5 inches
Max Shaft 16
Observations & Calculation :
Case Study 1
Anubha Industries Private Limited Technology , Behrampore
Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Govt, of west Bengal
Taluka Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, India
Loom Number
80 Speed 611
Loom Sort Number 63047T MID BLUE
Warp Count 10RKW
Weft Yarn 19 + 70 PV Spandex
Yarn Supplier Suraj Industries

Loom EPI
66
Loom PPI 49
Weave 3/1 RHT
No. of Ends 5544
Beam Length 1750
Beam Diameter 980 mm

Efficiency % = Govt, of west Bengal
Machine Running Time
Total Time
-g- X100
■
=88.33%
„ , RPM X 60 X 24 X
Production = ». .
Hinciency
100 X 39.37 X PPI
= 402.87m
Hence, production by this loom per day is
402.87m.
Case Study 2
Machine Running
X100
Loom Number 85 Efficiency % Time
Total Time
Loom Sort Number 61195
Warp Count 30 KCW = 50/60*100

Weft Yarn 30 KCW = 83.33%
Yarn Supplier RSB RPM X 60 X 24 X Efficiency
Production =
Loom EPI 114 100 X 39.37 X PPI
Loom PPI 59
= 416.89 m
Weave 2/1 RHT
Hence, production by this loom per day is
Reed Space 72 inches 416.89m
No. of Ends
8208
Beam Length 4200
Beam Diameter 1000 mm
Speed 807
ANUBHA
WET PROCESSING
SINGEING :
Singeing is a pre-treatment technique in textile processing that is commonly
done after weaving. It's a technique that involves passing an open-width fabric
over a gas flame or hot plate at a distance and speed that only burns the
protruding fibres while leaving the main fabric intact. By removing projecting
fibres from the fabric surface, the singeing technique achieves its principal
goal of producing a clean fabric surface and reducing fabric pilling. Singeing
is a technique for improving the lustre and smoothness of a yarn or fabrics
surface. Objective of Singeing
• Burning of projecting fibres from yarn/fabric surface.
• Fabric/yarn surface become smooth, even and clean.
• To develop maximum lustre in the textile materials.
• Save from uneven dyeing and printing.

Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Taluka
Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, India
ANUBH
A
Different Methods of Singeing :

In the singeing process, three separate techniques can be applied to remove
floating fibres from the surface of the fabric. At the end of each process, the
fabric becomes smoother than before and its lustre increases.There are various
methods of singeing are Hot plate singeing,
Hot rotary cylinder or roller singeing and Gas flame singeing. Gas/Flame
Singeing Machine
This machine uses one or more burners to provide a continuous vertical fire
flame, and the fuel is a mixture of air and gas. This technique is known as
gas/flame singeing. The fabric's exposed edge is first passed through the
brushing roller. As a result, the fabric's attached floating fibres become
detached. The fabric is subsequently sent over the flame of the burner at a
certain speed, and the floating fibres are burned. The fabric travels over the
flame at a high speed in this type of singeing machine. Only the floating fibres
are burned, which has no effect on the fabric. The burner's width can be
modified to fit the width of various materials. The flame height and hea
intensity must be regulated for different types of fabrics. These burners
have a maximum flame temperature of 1300°C. The fabric is kept
moving at a speed of 50-70 metres per minute. Singeing is done on both sides
of the
Burner Position Position of burner with rollers
1 Angular (90° with roller)

2 Under roller(Parallel with roller)
3 Directly touches the fabric
(Tangential with roller)
Advantages of Flame Singeing Machine
Maintaining uniform temperature results in uniform singeing.

• It is possible to singed both sides of the fabric at the same time.
• Temperature or flame speed can be easily controlled.
• It is possible to do more fabric singeing in less time.
Disadvantages of Flame Singeing Machine
• If the burner is dirty, black spots may appear on the fabric.
• Not convenient for synthetic fabric.
• If the speed is not maintained well, there is a possibility of burning or over-singeing of the fabric
Machine Specifications Used In Anubha Industries Private Limited

Company Kusters Calico Machinery Private
Limited
Fabric Surface Width Up to 3.5 meters
Operating Speed 30 - 150 m/min
Fuel Consumption 2.5 - 4 kg/h LPG
Fuels Used LPG - Natural Gas
Burner temperature 125°C - 1300°C
Burners flame speed 15-35 m/s
Flame intensity 5-40 bars
DE-SIZING
Desizing is a step in the wet processing or pre-dyeing process that occurs after the
singeing. The size paste is applied to the yarn during the weaving process in the form of
starch, etc., so that it can resist stress and strain when weavingon the loom. If the same
size paste stays on the grey fabric, dyeing the cloth will be extremely difficult. As a
result, the size is removed from rhe grey fabric during the desizing process, allowing for
uniform dyeing and finishing in postprocessing.
Objective of Desizing
• To remove the starch material from the fabric.
• To increase the affinity of the fabric to the dry chemicals.
• To increase the absorbency power of the fabric.
• To increase the lustre of the fabric, increase of dyeing and printing.
• To make the fabric suitable for the next process
Process Flow Chart For Desizing
Batch-in
J-Box
Desizing
~T~
Batching
Rotation
Enzymatic Desizing
Enzymatic desizing consists of three main steps: application of the enzyme,
digestion of the starch and removal of the digestion products. The common
components of an enzymatic desizing bath are as follows
• Amylase enzyme
• pH stabilizer
• Chelating agent
• Salt
• Surfactant
• Optical brightener
Enzymatic desizing offers the following advantages:

• No damage to the fibre
• No usage of aggressive chemicals
• Wide variety of application processes
• High biodegradability
Lower additional cleaning impact toward other pollutants, no action on specific starches
(e.g. tapioca starch), and probable loss of efficiency through enzyme poisons are some
of the disadvantages of enzymatic desizing. Enzyme poisoning causes a loss
Oxidative desizing is used to remove non starchy sizes that don't dissolve in water. A
varieties of oxidants can be applied after padding the fabric in a concentration of 3 to 5
gram per litre basic solution of hydrogen peroxide and steam for 2 to 3 minutes. The
advantages of oxidative desizing are
supplementary cleaning effect, effectiveness for tapioca starch is but oxidising agents
may damage to fibres. The desized batch is rotated for 24 hours after the enzymatic
desizing process is completed.
The advantages offered by oxidative desizing are:
• Supplementary cleaning effect
• Effectiveness for tapioca starch is
• No loss in effectiveness due to enzyme poisons
Chemical Name Gram per litre

Enzyme Acid - Invazyme ADC 5
Sequestering Agent - Invatex ED 3
Wetting Pre-treatment- Ultravon CPR 2

Chemicals Used in Oxidative Desize (Cold Desize)
Hydrogen Peroxide 40
Caustic 20
Scouring Agent - Clarite 1 7
Sodium Persulphate 5
Company
Kusters Calico Machinery Private Limited
Fabric Surface Width Up to 3.5 meters
Operating Speed 30 - 150 m/min
BLEACHING
Textile bleaching has been practised for a long time. The bleaching procedure for textiles is a
chemical treatment that removes natural colouring materials from the substrate. Organic molecules
with conjugated double bonds are the source of natural colour; chemical bleaching causes
discoloration by breaking the chromophore, most likely damaging one or more double bonds in this
conjugated system. After bleaching, the material appears whiter. Whiteness would have i- been
impossible without optical brightening agents notwithstanding these processes. However, not only
is whiteness the most important parameter in bleaching bin evaluation, but so is absorbency.
Objective Of Bleaching
• To remove the natural color.
• To make the fabric permanent white and bright.
• To increase the absorbency power of the cloth.
• To increase dye affinity.
• To make the fabric suitable for the next subsequent process.
Objective Of Bleaching
• To remove the natural color.
• To make the fabric permanent white and bright.
• To increase the absorbency power of the cloth.
• To increase dye affinity.
• To make the fabric suitable for the next subsequent process.
Desize Wash: To remove starch content from fabric.
• Scouring: To remove the impurities present in fabric & to improve absorbency
• Bleaching: To bring whiteness to the fabric.
Process Flow Chart of Continuous Bleaching Technology , Behrampore
Working principle continuous bleaching

range(CBR)
Inlet J-Scray: It is to collect the fabric during batch changing to avoid machine stoppage by using tensioner
roller, pressure roller and compensator.
Pre-washing compartment: Now, the fabric enters into the second prewashing compartment. The starch and other
impurities are washed off from desized fabric by using hot water.
Bleaching Chemical trough: Next, the washed fabric enters into the bleaching chemical trough. The solution of a
mixture of various chemicals according to recipes is filled in this trough. The fabric padding with bleaching
chemicals is carried out in this trough. This unit helps to pad the fabric uniformly with the bleaching chemicals.
Steamer: The main objective of the steamer is to give the reaction time to the fabric with bleaching chemicals at
high temperatures(100°C). The Steamer House is mounted with Solid Stainless steel frame, insulated roof,
condensation drainage with collecting pipe, hinged windows, and Halogen lamps.
Post washing and neutralizing compartment: This compartment neutralizes the fabric pH by dosing of mild Acetic
acid and washes the excess acid. After this compartment there is a rinsing compartment to wash off the
impurities from the fabric.
Drying range: The washed fabric is squeezed and dried in this unit. Teflon coated steam cylinders and stainless
steel cylinders are vertically mounted on the iron frame. The saturated steam is supplied inside the cylinders.
The fabric gets dried by the heated surface of steam cylinders.
Outlet unit: The main objective of the outlet unit is to collect the fabric during the batch change to avoid
machine stoppage and provide a perfect batch of fabric without any crease.
n, Anubha Industries Private Limited Government College Of
■i. Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Engineering & Textile / V
ANUBHA Taluka Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, Technology , Behrampore
Chemicals Used in Bleaching

Hydrogen Peroxide 45
Caustic 40
5
Wetting Pre-treatment - Ultravon CPR
Sequestering Agent - Invatex ED 3
Stabilizer - Clarite 3X 9
|
Limited
Operating Speed 60-75 m/min
Frequency 50 Hz, +/- 2%
Voltage 400 VAC, +/- 10% MM
Control Voltage 220 VAC, 24 VDC
Related Current 293A/160A

Power 183 HP/96 HP
Hydraulic Pressure 5 Bar
Pneumatic Pressure 6 Bar
Working Width 2000m/2000m
MERCERISATION
Mercerization is a strengthening and lustrous-appearing treatment for
cellulose textiles, most commonly cotton. It is a method of treating textiles
using a cold concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. The technique is
immersing cotton fabric in a NaOH solution with a strength of 25% to
35% for 30 to 60 seconds at a temperature of 18 to 30 degrees Celsius.
Objective of mercerisation
• Lustre is improved
• Improves absorption, increase in dye affinity and
yield
• Improve breaking strength
t—
1
• Improves dimensional stability

• Improves chemical reactivity
• Improves fabric smoothness
• Covers imjmatur.e cotton fabric .
The mercerizing involves three subsequent steps:
• The material is soaked in a relaxed state with a cold caustic solution with the requisite strength
and wettability.
• Stretching the material while it is still soaked in the caustic solution.
• Washing the caustic soda out of the material while keeping it stretched.
Continuous Mercerising
BdHAf^fleatment, the fabric is firmly held between a set of rubber and steel rollers, and it is not
allowed to shrink at all for a period of time until the alkali strength is reduced by washing with
water or a dilute alkali solution. The width shrinkage is managed by protecting the slippag^ficom
the ruler's nip during the impregnation stage, while the length shrinkage is controlled by
maintaining a speed differential between the impregnation compartment's cloth feeding squeezing
rollers.
ANUBHA Govt. of west Bengal
Process Flow Chart of Mercerisation

Working
HA India
Working Principle Continuous Mercerising Range

• Apply 200 to 220 gpl of caustic at the pad mangle at 100% wet pickup.
• Pass fabric over timing cylinders.
• The number of cylinders must correspond to the range speed and provide at
least one minute dwell time.
• Clip fabric onto stenter chains and stretch weft wise. Run fabric under spray
washers to remove caustic.
• Release tension and continue washing in open-width wash boxes, to further
reduce the caustic.
• Neutralize with acetic acid and dry the fabric.
Chemicals Used In Mercerisation
Caustic 250
6
o
Wetting Pre-treatment - Ultravon
CPR
ANUB India Govt, of west Bengal
HA

Limited
Operating Speed 60 — 75 m/min
Frequency 50 Hz, +/- 2%
Voltage 400 VAC, +/- 10%
Control Voltage 220 VAC, 24 VDC
Related Current 293A/160A
Power 183 HP/96 HP
Hydraulic Pressure 5 Bar
Pneumatic Pressure 6 Bar
Working Width 2000m/2000m
DYEING
Dyeing is a method for colouring a textile material in which a dye is applied to the substrate in a
uniform manner to obtain an even shade with a performance and fastness appropriate to its final
use. The primary objective ofdyeing is to apply uniform color to the substrate (fiber, yarn, or
fabric) with required color fastness.
Two type of dyes are practiced in Anubha Industries Private Limited are:
• Sulphur over dye
• Reactive dye.
Sulphur over dye
Sulphur over dye is insoluble, but with the help of caustic soda and sodium sulphide, it can be
rendered soluble. To ensure that the colour permeates into the fibre, dyeing is done at a high
temperature with a large amount of salt. After dyeing, the fabric is oxidised, either naturally or
with chemicals, to achieve the desired colours. Washing thoroughly removes excess colours and
ehemicals.
Reactive Dyes
Reactive dyes generate a chemical compound when they react with fibre molecules. These dyes
are applied from either alkaline or neutral solutions, which are then alkalized in a separate
process. Heat treatment is sometimes used to get distinct hues. The fabric is rinsed thoroughly
with soap after
dyeing to remove any unfixed dye.
ANUBH
A India Govt, of west Bengal
Parameters that are checked before dyeing are as follows

• Whiteness of the fabric
• Absorbency
• Tegwa
• Surface pH
• Core pH
Cold Pad Batch Dyeing
(CPB)
The cold pad batch requires the smallest machine range, while the other two require
ranges that are more or less sophisticated. The technique removes salt from effluent, saves
water and energy, reduces effluent volume, and takes up less space on the manufacturing
floor. The cloth is padded with a reactive dye in the presence of an alkali, commonly
sodium bicarbonate, then batched on a
roll in the cold-batch technique. The rolls are then rotated for 16 - 20 hours, depending on
the amount of time required for fixation, before being cleaned off. It is beneficial to cover
the rolls with polyethylene sheets during storage to minimise water evaporation. The rolls
must be turned slowly during storage to prevent the drainage of padding fluid
and, as a result, the formation of a
stoppage mark.
ANUBHA Govt. of west Bengal
Process Flow of Cold Patch Pad

HA India
Chemicals Used in Dyeing

Dye As per shade requirement
Wetting Pre-treatment — Ultravon 2
CPR
Soda 20
Caustic 4 to 12 As per shade requirement
Company Kusters Calico Machinery Private Limited

Number of S-Rolls 2
Trough Capacity 22 — 80 Litre
Linear pressure 15 — 50 N/mm
FINISHING
PROCESS
STENTERING
Stentering is a textile finishing technique that involves holding the selvedges of an open-width
cloth at a predetermined width while maintaining adequate tension. Pins can be used to secure the
selvedges. Traditionally, the technique was carried out on basic frames, but nowadays it is carried
out in a stentering machine that includes a dryer. It is done for the stretching of fabric by the
stenter machine. In other words we can say stentering is done for gripping the edges of a moving
web to support the web during heating and stretching operations.
The Objective of Stentering
• To stretch the fabric so that any unwanted creases can be removed.
• Remove the wrinkles of the fabric.
• To-control the length and width of the fabric.
• Dry the fabric
• Perform heat-setting on the thermoplastic materials.
• To-control the GSM and shrinkage of fabric.
• Perform the curing operation on pigment printed fabric.
• For the fixation of various chemical finishes.
Stenter
expensive and important fabric drying and finishing machine. Stenter is a
machine or apparatus for stretching or stentering fabrics. It is also known as a ‘tenter’ in the
woollen industry. The purpose of the stenter machine is to bringing the length and width to
pre-determine dimensions and also for heat setting and it is used for applying finishing
chemicals and also shade variation is adjusted. The main function of the stenter is to stretch
the fabric, widthwise and to recover the uniform width
Plot No - 369,371,377 NH8, Village & Taluka Engineering & Textile Technology ,
Palsana, Surat-394315, Gujarat, Behrampore
ANUBHA
India Govt. of west Bengal
Process Flow Chart of Stentering Process

Working Principle of Stenter Machine

The fabric enters the machine from a batcher or a trolley and is passed on to the solution
tank through the guide rollers and the tensioners. The solution tank contains different
finishing auxiliaries. The fabric is padded in the solution tank and then taken out, passed
through the squeezing rollers that squeeze the fabric according to required percentage.
Then, the fabric is passed through the weft tn Sie^e^ling unit, the fabric is collected from
the batcher or trolley to the scray and then it is passed through the padders where the
finishes are applied and sometimes shade variation is corrected. The fabric is entered into
the weft straightener (mahlo). There are sensors that sense the fault in weft and removes
the fault. There are 8 to 10 chambers provided on the machine each chamber contains a
burner and filters are provided to separate dust from air. The circulating fans blow air
from the base to the upper side and exhaust fans sucks all the hot air within the chambers.
Attraction rollers are provided to stretch the warp yarn. After stentering we can increase
the
width of the fabric up Usej in Stentering
Dye Fixing Agent - Albafix WFF

Wetting Pre-treatment - Ultravon CPR
30
in
i Q
Softner As required 1
SANFORISATION
The sanforizing is a fabric finishing process. It is a pre-shrinking of the fabric by passing
the fabric into a rubber unit. The ends and picks of the fabric come closer to each other
after the sanforizing process. When the threads come together to each other, the thread to
thread gap or air space in the fabric gets reduced. The reduced air space in the fabric
results in the form of improved fabric dimensional stability. This process is also called
sanforization.
Objective of sanforizing process
• To minimize the after washing fabric shrinkage.
• To improve the dimensional stability of the fabric.
• To soften the fabric handle.
• To increase the fabric GSM.
• To increase the fabric cover in the fabric.
Sanforisation Machine :
The machine used for the sanforizing process is called "Sanforizing Machine".
Sanforizing Machine means a machine consisting of a large steam-heated cylinder, an
endless, thick, woolen felt blanket which is in close contact with the cylinder for most of
its perimeter, and an electrically heated shoe whichpresses the cloth against the blanket
while the latter is in a stretched condition as it curves around feed-in roll.
Proces
Operational Procedure of Sanforising Machine

Fabric inlet of Sanforising Machine: Fabric passes over some free roller & guider then
over the steam heated roller. In the steam heated roller the fabric is wetted a little bit.
Rubber belt shrinkage unit: The function of the machine is mainly controlled in this
section. Here there is a rubber belt which is pressed by a steam heated stainless steel
roller. This rubber belt is continuously cooled by passing water. When the fabric goes
through the nip point of roller & blanket then the fabric goes to shrink. The amount of
shrinkage depends on amount of pressure applied.
Drying cylinder: After shrinkage fabric goes through drying cylinder for drying. Here
cylinder is heated by means of steam
Cooling cylinder: After drying the fabric is passed over cooling roller for lowering
temperature.
Folder & batch winder: Finally the fabric pass over the folded roller to collect on
fabric storage bench or it will roll on batcher. Then it’s go for final inspection.

Company Morrison
Roller width 1800 mm
Horizontal Clip Chain Length 1500 mm
Thickness Of Rubber Blanket 60 mm
Rubber Blanket Width 1710 mm
Heating Cylinder Diameter 2800 mm
Heating Cylinder Width 1800 mm
Felt Width 1710 mm
Drying Cylinder Diameter 1000 mm
CONCLUSION
In a nutshell, internship at Anubha Industries Private Limited provided us
with valuable insight into the textile sector. We were able to make practical
sense of theoretical information in these two ways. Anubha Industries Private
Limited provided us with the opportunity to witness and participate in the
process of turning a yarn into a cloth. We also had the opportunity to learn
about the management process, which included everything from production
planning to merchandising. Interacting with various managers and supervisors
provided us with an understanding of how time-consuming controlling each
process can be.
We've learned that good planning leads to increased productivity and

efficiency. We were able to explore and come up with new ideas thanks to the
company. They were receptive to suggestions for ongoing development and
were quick to put them into action.
Finally, this internship benefited us in a variety of ways and taught us to

be more professional.

Internship Report 22 Gcettb

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GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY BERHAMPORE

TEXTILE INTERNSHIP REPORTON ANUBHA

Bachelor of Textile Technology

Government Collage Of Engineering & Textile Technology ,Berhampore

SUMMARY This report is about our textile

The textile industry is largely concerned with garment design and

Textile internship is a module in the apparel production programme

Company Name: Anubha Industries Private Limited

RoC: RoC - Ahmedabad

Company Category: Company limited by Shares

Company Sub Category: Non-govt company

Class of Company: Private

Date of Incorporation: 26 October 2012

Age of Company: 9 years 9 months

Activity: Manufacture of Wearing apparel

ABOUT ANUBHA INDUSTRIES PRIVATE LIMITED,SURAT

Anubha Industries places a premium on the customer and their

• 1 _1 ! _11__ mi_ ! ! 1 _1 ! j _1_

6th July to 9th July Overall F actory Visit

10th July to 13th July Warping Section (Types of Warping an

18th July to 22th July Product Development Section (Wea

• 1 _1 ! _11__ mi_ ! ! 1 _1 ! j _1_

PROCESS FLOW CHART OF ANUBHA INDUSTRIES PRIVATE LIMITED

Some yarns that are used for fabric are:

Direct Beam Warping

Manufacture Prashant Westpoint

Model Long Chain Beamer

Creel Capacity 756

Working Width 1400mm to 2400 mm

Flange Diameter 800mm to 1400mm

Max. Mechanical Speed 1200mpm

Max Warping Speed lOOOmpm

Max Warping Capacity 20000m

Machine Specifications Used In Anubha Industries

Creel Capacity 800

Observations and Calculations :

Total production of direct warping in one hour = 15000m Actual production of

Ball Warps Scouring Dyeing Wash Storage Tubs

Chemical Used In Indigo Rope Dye

RE-BEAMING ( LONG CHAIN BEAMER )

Process Flow Chart of Long Chain Beamer

Company Prashant Westpoint

Process Flow Chart of Sizing

Company Prashant Westpoint

result, an opening (weave shed) is formed, allowing the filling yarns to

Tertiary motion or Stop motions of loom

• Warp stop motion.

Stop Motion Indicator

Loom Sort Number 63047T MID BLUE

Warp Count 10RKW

Weft Yarn 19 + 70 PV Spandex

Yarn Supplier Suraj Industries

Weave 3/1 RHT

Reed Space 81.5 inches

Reed Space 81.5 inches

No. of Ends 5544

Beam Length 1750

Beam Diameter 980 mm

Warp Count 30 KCW = 50/60*100

Beam Length 4200

Beam Diameter 1000 mm