Journal of Inequalities in Pure and

Applied Mathematics

NOTES ON AN INTEGRAL INEQUALITY

volume 7, issue 4, article 120,

QUÔ´C ANH NGÔ, DU DUC THANG, TRAN TAT DAT, 2006.
AND DANG ANH TUAN Received 03 May, 2006;
accepted 19 May, 2006.
Department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Informatics,
College of Science, Viê.t Nam National University, Communicated by: P.S. Bullen
Hà Nô.i, Viê.t Nam
EMail: anhngq@yahoo.com.vn
EMail: thangdd@vnu.edu.vn
EMail: dattt@vnu.edu.vn Abstract
EMail: datuan11@yahoo.com
Contents

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2000
c Victoria University
ISSN (electronic): 1443-5756 Quit
130-06
 Abstract
In this paper, some integral inequalities are presented by analytic approach. An
open question will be proposed later on.

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 26D15.

Key words: Integral inequality.

Notes on an Integral Inequality

Contents
Quô´c Anh Ngô, Du Duc Thang,
Tran Tat Dat and Dang Anh Tuan
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 The Case of Natural Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 The Case of Real Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Title Page
References
Contents

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J. Ineq. Pure and Appl. Math. 7(4) Art. 120, 2006

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1. Introduction
Let f (x) be a continuous function on [0, 1] satisfying
Z 1
1 − x2
(1.1) f (t) dt ≥ , ∀x ∈ [0, 1] .
x 2
Firstly, we consider an integral inequality below.
Lemma 1.1. If (1.1) holds then we have Notes on an Integral Inequality
Z 1 Z 1
2 Quô´c Anh Ngô, Du Duc Thang,
(1.2) [f (x)] dx ≥ xf (x) dx. Tran Tat Dat and Dang Anh Tuan
0 0

The aim of this paper is to generalize (1.2) in order to obtain some new Title Page
integral inequalities. In the first part of this paper, we will prove Lemma 1.1 and
present some preliminary results. Our main results are Theorem 2.1, Theorem Contents
2.2 which will be proved in Section 2 and Theorem 3.2, Theorem 3.3 which JJ II
will be proved in Section 3. Finally, an open question is proposed. And now,
we begin with a proof of Lemma 1.1.
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Proof of Lemma 1.1. It is known that
Z 1 Z 1 Close
Z 1 Z 1
2 2
0≤ (f (x) − x) dx = f (x) dx − 2 xf (x) dx + x2 dx, Quit
0 0 0 0
Page 3 of 10
which yields Z 1 Z 1
2 1 J. Ineq. Pure and Appl. Math. 7(4) Art. 120, 2006
f (x) dx ≥ 2 xf (x) dx − . http://jipam.vu.edu.au
0 0 3
 R 1 R 1 
Let A := 0 x
f (t) dt . By using our assumption we have
Z 1 Z 1  Z 1
1 − x2 1
A= f (t) dt ≥ dx = .
0 x 0 2 3
On the other hand, integrating by parts, we also get
Z 1 Z 1 
A= f (t) dt
0 x
Z 1
1 Z 1 Notes on an Integral Inequality

=x f (t) dt + xf (x) dx
x 0 Quô´c Anh Ngô, Du Duc Thang,
0
Z 1 Tran Tat Dat and Dang Anh Tuan

= xf (x) dx.
0
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Thus Z 1
1 Contents
xf (x) dx ≥ ,
3
0
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which gives the conclusion.
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Remark 1. Condition (1.1) can be rewritten as
Z 1 Z 1 Go Back
(1.3) f (t) dt ≥ tdt, ∀x ∈ [0, 1] . Close
x x

Throughout this paper, we always assume that function f satisfies (1.1), Quit
moreover, we also assume that Page 4 of 10
(1.4) f (x) ≥ 0
J. Ineq. Pure and Appl. Math. 7(4) Art. 120, 2006
for every x ∈ [0, 1]. http://jipam.vu.edu.au
 R1 1
Lemma 1.2. 0
xn+1 f (x) dx ≥ n+3
for all n ∈ N.
Proof. We have
Z 1 Z 1  Z 1 Z 1 
1
xn f (t) dt d xn+1


f (t) dt dx =
0 x n+1 0 x
Zx=1
1
1 
= xn+1 f (t) dt
n+1 x x=0
Z 1 Notes on an Integral Inequality
1
+ xn+1 f (x) dx,
n+1 0 Quô´c Anh Ngô, Du Duc Thang,
Tran Tat Dat and Dang Anh Tuan
which yields
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1  Title Page
n+1 n
x f (x) dx = (n + 1) x f (t) dt dx.
0 0 x Contents

On the other hand JJ II

1 1 1 J I
1 − x2
Z Z  Z
n
x f (t) dt dx ≥ xn dx.
0 x 0 2 Go Back
Close
Therefore
1 1 Quit
− x2
Z Z
n+1 n1 1
x f (x) dx ≥ (n + 1) x dx = . Page 5 of 10
0 0 2 n+3
The proof is completed. J. Ineq. Pure and Appl. Math. 7(4) Art. 120, 2006
http://jipam.vu.edu.au
2. The Case of Natural Numbers
Theorem 2.1. Assume that (1.1) and (1.4) hold. Then
Z 1 Z 1
n+1
f (x) dx ≥ xn f (x) dx
0 0

for every n ∈ N.
Proof. By using the Cauchy inequality, we obtain Notes on an Integral Inequality

f n+1 (x) + nxn+1 ≥ (n + 1) xn f (x) . Quô´c Anh Ngô, Du Duc Thang,

Tran Tat Dat and Dang Anh Tuan

Thus Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
f n+1
(x) dx + n x n+1
dx ≥ (n + 1) xn f (x) dx. Title Page
0 0 0
Contents
Moreover, by using Lemma 1.2, we get
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
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(n + 1) n
x f (x) dx = n n
x f (x) dx + xn f (x) dx J I
0 0 0
Z 1 Go Back
n
≥ + xn f (x) dx,
n+2 0
Close
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that is Z 1 Z 1
n n Page 6 of 10
f n+1 (x) dx + ≥ + xn f (x) dx,
0 n+2 n+2 0
which completes this proof. J. Ineq. Pure and Appl. Math. 7(4) Art. 120, 2006
http://jipam.vu.edu.au
Theorem 2.2. Assume that (1.1) and (1.4) hold. Then
Z 1 Z 1
n+1
f (x) dx ≥ xf n (x) dx
0 0

for every n ∈ N.
Proof. It is known that
(f n (x) − xn ) (f (x) − x) ≥ 0, ∀x ∈ [0, 1] ,
Notes on an Integral Inequality
that is
Quô´c Anh Ngô, Du Duc Thang,
f n+1 (x) + xn+1 ≥ xn f (x) + xf n (x) , ∀x ∈ [0, 1] . Tran Tat Dat and Dang Anh Tuan
By integrating with some simple calculation we conclude that
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
1 Title Page
n+1 n
f (x) dx + ≥ x f (x) dx + xf n (x) dx.
0 n + 2 0 0 Contents
Once again, by Lemma 1.2, we obtain JJ II
Z 1 Z 1
n+1 1 1 J I
f (x) dx + ≥ + xf n (x) dx,
0 n+2 n+2 0 Go Back
which gives the conclusion.
Close
Remark 2. By the same argument, we see that the result of Lemma 1.2 also Quit
holds when n is a positive real number. That is
Z 1 Page 7 of 10
1
(2.1) xα+1 f (x) dx ≥ , ∀α > 0.
0 α+3 J. Ineq. Pure and Appl. Math. 7(4) Art. 120, 2006
http://jipam.vu.edu.au
3. The Case of Real Numbers
In order to generalize our results, the case of positive real numbers, we recall
another version of the Cauchy inequality as follows.
Theorem 3.1 (General Cauchy inequality). Let α and β be positive real num-
bers satisfying α + β = 1. Then for every positive real numbers x and y, we
always have
αx + βy ≥ xa y β .
Theorem 3.2. Assume that (1.1) and (1.4) hold. Then Notes on an Integral Inequality
Z 1 Z 1
Quô´c Anh Ngô, Du Duc Thang,
α+1
f (x) dx ≥ xα f (x) dx Tran Tat Dat and Dang Anh Tuan
0 0
for every positive real number α > 0.
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Proof. Using Theorem 3.1 we get
Contents
1 α
f α+1 (x) + xα+1 ≥ xα f (x) , JJ II
α+1 α+1
which gives J I
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
1 α+1 α α+1 Go Back
f (x) dx + x dx ≥ xα f (x) dx.
α+1 0 α+1 0 0 Close
By the same argument together with (2.1) we obtain
Z 1 Quit
1 α
f α+1 (x) dx + Page 8 of 10
α+1 0 (α + 1) (α + 2)
Z 1 Z 1
1 α α
xα f (x) dx
J. Ineq. Pure and Appl. Math. 7(4) Art. 120, 2006
≥ x f (x) dx + http://jipam.vu.edu.au
α+1 0 α+1 0
 Z 1
1 α
≥ xα f (x) dx + .
α+1 0 (α + 1) (α + 2)
Hence Z 1 Z 1
1 α+1 1
f (x) dx ≥ xα f (x) dx.
α+1 0 α+1 0
The present proof is completed.
Theorem 3.3. Assume that (1.1) and (1.4) hold. Then
Z 1 Z 1 Notes on an Integral Inequality
α+1
f (x) dx ≥ xf α (x) dx Quô´c Anh Ngô, Du Duc Thang,
0 0 Tran Tat Dat and Dang Anh Tuan

for every positive real number α > 0.

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The proof of Theorem 3.3 is similar to the proof of Theorem 2.2 therefore,
we omit it. Contents
Lastly, we propose the following open problem. JJ II
Open Problem. Let f (x) be a continuous function on [0, 1] satisfying J I
Z 1 Z 1
Go Back
f (t) dt ≥ tdt, ∀x ∈ [0, 1] .
x x Close
Under what conditions does the inequality Quit
Z 1 Z 1
α+β Page 9 of 10
f (x) dx ≥ tα f β (x) dx.
0 0
J. Ineq. Pure and Appl. Math. 7(4) Art. 120, 2006
hold for α and β? http://jipam.vu.edu.au
References
[1] E.F. BECKENBACH AND R. BELLMAN, Inequalities, Springer, Berlin,
1983.
[2] G.H. HARDY, J.E. LITTLEWOOD AND G. PÓLYA, Inequalities, 2nd edi-
tion, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1952.
[3] JI-CHANG KUANG, Applied Inequalities, 2nd edition, Hunan Education
Press, Changsha, China, 1993. Notes on an Integral Inequality

[4] D.S. MITRINOVIĆ, Analytic Inequalities, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1970. Quô´c Anh Ngô, Du Duc Thang,
Tran Tat Dat and Dang Anh Tuan
[5] D.S. MITRINOVIĆ, J.E. PEČARIĆ AND A.M. FINK, Classical and New
Inequalities in Analysis, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1993.
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J. Ineq. Pure and Appl. Math. 7(4) Art. 120, 2006

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