Best Approach

Derivability

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Differentiability

DERIVABILITY Derivability & Continuity

DIFFERENTIABILITY Theorem : If a function f is derivable at x = a
DERIVATIVE then f is continuous at x = a

For a function f
Differentiability  Continuity ;
Non derivability  discontinuous
Continuity  derivability ;
But discontinuity  Non derivability

Q. Consider the function f(x) = | x – 1 | +

[x – 2] where [] denotes the greatest integer
function.
Statement-1 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 2.
Statement-2 f(x) is non derivable at x = 2
(A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true
and S-2 is correct explanation of S-1
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true
and S-2 is NOT correct explanation of S-1
Note : (C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-1 is false
“Tangent at a point ‘A’ is the limiting case of (D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
secant through A”.

EXISTENCE OF DERIVATIVE Derivability Over An Interval

Right hand & left hand Derivatives
By definition : f(x) is said to be derivable over an open
interval (a, b) if it is derivable at each & every
f (a  h)  f (a)
f '(a) = lim if it exists point of the interval, f(x) is said to be derivable
h 0 h over the closed interval [a, b] if :
(i) for the point a and b, f '(a+) & f '(b–) exist &
(i) The right hand derivative of f at x = a (ii) for any point c such that a < c < b, f '(c+) &
denoted by f '(a+) is defined by : f '(c–) exist & are equal.
f (a  h)  f (a)
f '(a+) = lim Examples
h 0 h
provided the limit exists & is finite. Q. Find if function f(x) = |ln x| is
differentiable at x = 1.
(ii) The left hand derivative of f at x = a
denoted by f '(a–) is defined by : Q. f(x) = ln2 x at x = 1
f (a  h)  f (a)
f '(a–) = lim Q. f(x) = e–|x| at x = 0
h 0 h
provided the limit exists & is finite Q. Find L.H.D. & R.H.D. of f(x) = |x – 1|
f is said to be derivable at at x = 1
x = a if f '(a+) = f '(a–) = a finite quantity.
Q. Find L.H.D. & R.H.D. of f(x) = |x3|
at x = 0

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Differentiability

 sin x 2 x3 x 2  1
 x0
Q. f(x) =  x Q. f(x) =  2
 x x  1
 0 at x  0
Check continuity & derivability of
Find tangent & normal at x = 0, if they exist function

 |1  4x 2 | 0  x  1 dy 
Q. f(x) =  2 Q. If y = cos x + |cos x| find at x =
[x  2x] 1  x  2 dx 2
differentiability in (0, 2) where [ ] denotes
Q. By Graph or otherwise check if
greatest integer function.
function is differentiable
(a) |sin x|
Q. y = |sin x| at x = 0
Q. By Graph or otherwise check if
Q. y = x|x| at x = 0
function is differentiable
(b) sin |x|
Q. y = x|x – 1| at x = 1
Q. By Graph or otherwise check if
Q. y = (x – 1) |x – 1| at x = 1
function is differentiable :

 ax 2  1 (c) |ln|x||
x 1
Q. f(x) =  2
 x  ax  b x  1 Q. By Graph or otherwise check if
Find a & b if f(x) is differentiable at x = 1 function is differentiable
(d) cos–1(cos x)
 ax  b x  1
Q. f(x) =  3 Q. By Graph or otherwise check if
 ax  x  2b x  1 function is differentiable
Find a & b if f(x) is differentiable
x  R (e) cos|x|

Q. By Graph or otherwise check if

 x x 1 function is differentiable
Q. y=  2
 x  bx  c x  1 (f) Max(sin x, cos x)
Find b & c if f(x) is differentiable at x = 1
Q. By Graph or otherwise check if
function is differentiable
 ax 2  ax  b x 1
 (g) Max(1 – x, 1 + x, 2)
Q. y = f(x) =  x 1 1 x  3
 2
cx  dx  2 x 3 Q. By Graph or otherwise check if
function is differentiable
Find a, b, c , d so that all condition
satisfy. (h) Max(|x|, x2)
(a) f is continuous for all x
(b) f ' (1) does not exists
(c) f '(x) is continuous at x = 3
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Differentiability

Q. By Graph or otherwise check if

Q. Max (x2 – 3x + 2, 2 – |x – 1|)
function is differentiable
Points where the function is non
(i) Max(x, x3) differentiable ?

Q. By Graph or otherwise check if

function is differentiable m 1
 x .sin x  x  0
Q. If f (x) = 
(j) Min(2x – 1, x2)  0 if x  0
is continuous but not differentiable
Q. By Graph or otherwise check if at x = 0 then find m.
function is differentiable
(k) |x + 1| + |x| + |x – 1| Q. Let f(x) = cos x &
Min  f (t ) / 0  t  x for 0  x  2
H(x) =  ,
Q. By Graph or otherwise check if 
 2 x for 2  x  3
function is differentiable then
(A) H (x) is continuous & derivable in [0, 3]
(l) Min(tan x, cot x) (0, )
(B) H(x) is continuous but not derivable at
Q. By Graph or otherwise check if x = /2
function is differentiable (C) H(x) is neither cont. nor deri. at x = /2
(D) Maximum value of H(x) in [0,3] is 1
(m) Max(tan–1 x, cot–1 x)

Q. By Graph or otherwise check if  2 e1/x  e 1/x

function is differentiable x x0
Q. f(x) =  e1/x  e1/x
 0 x0
(n) 
|x|
then
(A) Continuous at x = 0
Q. Derivability of 1  1  x 2 at x = 0 (B) Continuous and non differentiable at x = 0
(C) Differentiable at x = 0
x (D) f '(0) = 2
Q. Points where f(x) = is non
1 | x |
differentiable f (x / 4)
Q. If f(0) = 0, f '(0) = 1 then lim =?
x 0 x
Q. Consider the function f(x) = x2 + bx + c,
where D = b2 – 4c > 0.
 | x 3| x 1
Column I Column II  2
Q. If y =  x 3x 13 then
Condition on b and c "Number of points of    x 1
“non-differentiability 4 2 4
of g(x) = |f(|x|)|" (A) Continuous at x = 1
a. b < 0, c > 0 p. 1 (B) Continuous at x = 3
b. c = 0, b < 0 q. 2 (C) Differentiable at x = 1
c. c = 0, b > 0 r. 3 (D) Differentiable at x = 3
d. b = 0, c < 0 s. 5

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Differentiability

 4x 2  12x  9  {x} for x  1 Note

 3. If both f(x) and g(x) are non derivable
Q. f(x) =    then nothing definite can be said about
 cos  2 (| x |)  {x}  x 1
   the sum/difference/product function.
where {} denotes fractional part
function. Examples
Check the differentiability in [–1, 2] Q. f(x) = sin|x| not derivable at x = 0
g(x) = |x| not derivable at x = 0
then the function
Q. Let f(x) = sgn x and g(x) = x(1 – x2). (i) F(x) = sin |x| – |x| is derivable at x = 0
Investigate the composite functions
f(g(x)) and g(f(x)) for continuity and Q. f(x) = sin|x| not derivable at x = 0
differentiability. g(x) = |x| not derivable at x = 0
then the function
Important Notes (ii) G(x) = sin|x| + |x| is not derivable at x=0

Note Q. Draw graph of y = [x] + |1– x|, –1  x  3

1. If f(x) and g(x) are both derivable at Determine points if any where function
f (x) is not differentiable
x = a, f(x) ± g(x) ; f(x) . g(x) and
g(x)
Q. f = x3 – x2 + x + 1 &
will also be derivable at x = a. (only if
g(a) 0). max  f (t)  0  t  x for 0  x  1
g= 
2. If f(x) is derivable at x = a and g(x) is  3 x 1 x  2
not derivable at x = a then the f(x) + g(x) Discuss the continuity & Differentia-
or f(x) – g(x) will not be derivable at bility of g in [0, 2]
x = a.
For example f(x) = |x| and g(x) = x. Q. If f(x) is differentiable at x = a & f '(a) =
1/4. Find
Q. |(x2 – 16) (x – 1) (x + 1) (x – 2) (x – 3)|
f (a  4h 2 )  f (a)
(x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) (x – 4) . (i) lim
h 0 h2
Examples
Q. If f(x) is differentiable at x = a & f '(a) =
Q. f(x) = cos|x| is derivable at x = 0 and 1/4 then. Find
g(x) = |x| is not derivable at x = 0 then
f (a  4h 2 )  f (a)
cos|x| + |x| or cos|x| – |x| will not be (ii) lim
derivable at x = 0.
h 0 h2

 Nothing can be said about the product Q. If f(x) is differentiable at x = a & f '(a) =
function in this case. 1/4. Find
f (a  4h 2 )  f (a  4h 2 )
Q. f(x) = x derivable at x = 0 (i) lim
h 0 h2
g(x) = |x| not derivable at x = 0 then
f(x) . g(x) is differentiable at x = 0

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MCSIR) Differentiability

Note : Derivative of a continuous function Q. Suppose f is a derivable function that

need not be a continuous function satisfies the equation f(x + y) = f(x) +
f(y) + x2y + xy2 for all real numbers
2 1
 x sin if x  0 f ' (0  )  0 x and y. Syppose that
f (x) = x ;
 0 if x  0 f ' (0  )  0 f (x)
lim = 1, find
x 0 x

(A) f(0) (B) f '(0)

 2 
x cos , x  0 (C) f '(x) (D f(3)
Q. Let f(x) =  x , then f is
 0 x0
 Q. A differentiable function satisfies the
[JEE 2012] relation f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + 2xy – 1
(A) differentiable both at x = 0 and at x = 2  x, y R. If f '(x) > 0  x R
(B) differentiable at x = 0 but not
differentiable at x = 2 Q. If f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y),  x, y  R and
f(x) is a differentiable function
(C) not differentiable at x = 0 but
everywhere. Find f(x).
differentiable at x = 2
(D) differentiable neither at x = 0 nor at x = 2 Q. If f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y),  x, y R then
prove that f(kx) = k f(x) for  k, x R .
Determination of function which are
differentiable and satisfying the given Q. Let f be a differentiable function
functional rule x
satisfying f   = f(x) – f(y) for all x,
y
Basic Steps
y > 0.
1. Write down the expression for
If f '(1) = 1 then find f(x).
f (x  h)  f (x)
f '(x) as f '(x) = lim
h 0 h Q. f:RR f '(0) = 1
f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + ex+y (x + y) – xex
2. Manipulate f(x + h) – f(x) in such a way
– yey + 2xy  x, y  R.
that the given functional rule is
Find f(x).
applicable. Now apply the functional
rule and simplify the RHS to get f '(x)
Vertical Tangent
as a function of x along with constants
if any.

Basic Steps
3. Integrate f '(x) to get f(x) as a function
of x and a constant of integration. In
some cases a Differential Equation in
formed which can be solved to get f(x).
4. Apply the boundary value conditions to
determine the value of this constant.

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