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Transport Design and Supervision Works Sector Ethiopian Roads Authority Transport Infrastructure Construction Sector
Regarding to the concrete characteristics prescribed by the specifications used for those basic datas are
summarized in Table 1/1 as follow:
Table 1/1: Summary of requirements
Parameters Description Reference
Type of cement OPC (DANGOTE) _
cement content 400Kg/m3 to 550Kg/m3 SP & STS
Water Cement ratio Not to exceed 0.53 SP
Compressive strength (cylinder) (Mpa) 24 Stand. Drawing (D-01)
Method used A.C.I ACI 211.1-91
Nominal max. size of coarse agg.(mm) 20 _
2 Ingredient
2.1 Cement: used OPC produced from DANGOTE CEMENT FACTORY
2.2
Coarse aggregate:- The crushed coarse aggregate which are stocked at 57+000, satisfactory for our project
specification requirements.
2.3
Fine aggregate:- Natural Sand stocked at 0+900, satisfactory for our project specification requirements
2.4. Water :- The test results attached for the concrete water issued by TCDSCo Consulting Engineer's Laboratory indicate
that satisfactory test results.
3 Laboratory quality test results
3.1 Please find the attached quality test results of :-
3.1.1 Coarse aggregate:- Gradation, Dry rodded density,Loose unit weight, specific gravity & Absorption, LAA,
Soundness, and Clay content.
3.1.2 Fine aggregate:- Gradation, F.M, silt clay content, sand equivalent, soundness, specific gravity and absorption,
loose unit weight
Therefore, the minimum average strength of all samples should not be less than = 36.3MPa (cylinder strength) or 45.4MPa
(cube strength).
5 Laboratory design data
Coarse Aggregate Values FINE Aggregate Values
Bulk Specific gravity 2.787 Bulk Specific gravity 2.705
Water absorption(%) 0.97 Water absorption(%) 1.11
Dry rodded density(Kg/m )
3
1708 Finess Modulus 3.00
Loose unit weight (Kg/m )
3
1572 Loose unit weight (Kg/m ) 3
1384
N.M.C (%) 0.58 N.M.C (%) 3.20
water (kg/m )
3
1000 Cement (O.P.C) (kg/m ) 3
3150
6 DESIGN CALCULATIONS
6.1 -- The slump is required to be 25 to 75 mm.
6.2 -- The aggregate to be used has a nominal maximum size of 20 mm.
6.3 -- The concrete will be non-airentrained since the structure is not exposed to severe weathering. From Table A1.5.3.3,
the estimated mixing water for a slump of 25 to 75 mm in non-air-entrained concrete made with 20 mm aggregate is found
to be:
By interpolation = (75-50)*(205-190)/(100-50)+190 = 197.5 kg
6.4 -- The water-cement ratio for non-air- entrained concrete with a strength of 36.3 MPa is found from Table Al.5.3.4(a)
to be:
By interpolation = (36.3-40)*(0.47-0.42)/(35-40)+0.42 = 0.457
6.5 -- From the information developed in Steps 3 and 4, the required cement content is found to be = 197.5/0.45 =
432 kg > 400 kg ok
Try cement= 440 kg
6.6 -- The quantity of coarse aggregate is estimated from Table A 1.5.3.6. For a fine aggregate having a fineness modulus
of 3.0 and a 20 mm nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate, the table indicates that 0.60 m3 of coarse aggregate, on a
dry-rodded basis, may be used in each cubic meter of concrete.
The required dry mass is, therefore, = 0.60*1708 = 1025 kg dry
6.7. With the quantities of water, cement and coarse aggregate established, the remaining material comprising the cubic
meter of concrete must consist of fine aggregate and whatever air will be entrapped. The required fine aggregate may be
determined on the basis of either mass or absolute volume as shown below:
6.7.1. Mass basis -- From Table A1.5.3.7.1, the mass of a cubic meter of non-air-entrained concrete made with aggregate
having a nominal maximum size of 20 mm is estimated to be 2345 kg. (For a first trial batch, exact adjustments of this
value for usual differences in slump, cement factor, and aggregate specific gravity are not critical). try 2500kg (from
previous trials) Masses already known are:
Ingredients Mass (kg)
Water (net mixing) 198
Cement 440
Coarse aggregate (dry) 1025
Total 1662
6.7.2--Absolute volume basis -- With the quantities of cement, water, and coarse aggregate established, and the
approximate entrapped air content (as opposed to purposely entrained air) of 2 percent determined from Table Al.5.3.3, the
sand content can be calculated as follows:
Mass Sp.
Ingredients Volume (m3)
(kg) Gravity
6.9.1. The concrete has a measured slump of 60 mm and unit mass of 2537kg/m3. It is judged to be satisfactory from the
standpoint of workability and finishing properties. To provide proper yield and other characteristics for future batches, the
following adjustments are made:
6.9.1.1. Since the yield of the trial batch was 64.66/2537 = 0.025 m3
and the mixing water content was 5.02 (added) +0 (on coarse aggregate) + 0.420 (on fine aggregate) = 5.441kg, the mixing
water required for a cubic meter of concrete with the same slump as the trial batch should be:
6.9.1.2.Since workability was found to be satisfactory, the quantity of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete
will be maintained the same as in the trial batch. The amount of coarse aggregate per cubic meter becomes:
6.9.1.5. The adjusted basic batch weights per cubic meter of concrete, then, are:
Concrte Ingredients Mass (kg)
Water (net mixing) 213
Cement 467
Coarse Aggregate (dry) 1079
Fine Aggregate (dry) 679
Total 2439
Regarding to the concrete characteristics prescribed by the specifications used for those basic datas are summarized in Table 1/1 as follow:
Table 1/1: Summary of requirements
Parameters Description Reference
Type of cement OPC (Mugher) _
2 Ingredient
2.4. Water :- The test results attached for the concrete water issued by TCDSCo Consulting Engineer's Laboratory indicate that satisfactory test results.
3 Laboratory quality test results
3.1 Please find the attached quality test results of :-
3.1.1
Coarse aggregate:- Gradation, Dry rodded density,Loose unit weight, specific gravity & Absorption, LAA, Soundness, PSV and Clay content.
3.1.2 Fine aggregate:- Gradation, F.M, silt clay content, sand equivalent, soundness, specific gravity and absorption, loose unit weight
4.1 The cylinderical target mean compressive strength at 28 days is given by the following equation:
The minimum average strength of all samples should not be less than the required average Strength (cylinderical):
Targat Mean Strength, fckr = fck+8.3 Mpa when 20.7MPa ≤ fck ≤34.5MPa = 28+8.3 = 36.3 Mpa (ACI 214R-02)
4.2 Required compressive strength ( cubical) = 1.25 * Cylinder strength = 36.3*1.25 = 45.4 Mpa
Therefore, the minimum average strength of all samples should not be less than = 36.3MPa (cylinder strength) or 45.4MPa (cube strength).
Loose unit weight (Kg/m3) 1485 Loose unit weight (Kg/m3) 1460
N.M.C (%) 0.30 N.M.C (%) 4.60
Specific gr. Of Cement
Specific gravity of water 1.00 (O.P.C) 3.15
project: Dima-Raad Bridge Road Upgrading Designed by Tayachew Melisew (p/me) August 2016
Employer: Consultant: ECDSWC; Contractor:
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Transport Design Supervision Works Sector ECWC; TIC
6 DESIGN CALCULATIONS
6.4 -- The water-cement ratio for non-air- entrained concrete with a strength of 36.3 MPa is found from Table Al.5.3.4(a) to be 0.45.
6.5 -- From the information developed in Steps 3 and 4, the required cement content is found to be = 190/0.45 =
422 kg > 400 kg OK!
Try cement= 460 kg and Water = 460*0.45 = 207 kg
6.6 -- The quantity of coarse aggregate is estimated from Table A 1.5.3.6. For a fine aggregate having a fineness modulus of 3.0 and a 20 mm nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate, the table
indicates that 0.60 m3 of coarse aggregate, on a dry-rodded basis, may be used in each cubic meter of concrete.
The required dry mass is, therefore, = 0.60*1662 = 997 kg dry
6.7 -- With the quantities of water, cement and coarse aggregate established, the remaining material comprising the cubic meter of concrete must consist of fine aggregate and whatever air will be
entrapped. The required fine aggregate may be determined on the basis of either mass or absolute volume as shown below:
6.7.1--Mass basis -- From Table A1.5.3.7.1, the mass of a cubic meter of non-air-entrained concrete made with aggregate having a nominal maximum size of 20 mm is estimated to be 2345 kg.
(For a first trial batch, exact adjustments of this value for usual differences in slump, cement factor, and aggregate specific gravity are not critical). Masses already known are:
6.7.2--Absolute volume basis -- With the quantities of cement, water, and coarse aggregate established, and the approximate entrapped air content (as opposed to purposely entrained air) of 2 percent
determined from Table Al.5.3.3, the sand content can be calculated as follows:
Estimation of fine aggregate content using Eq. 6.7.1--- In the SI, the formula for calculation of fresh concrete mass per cubic meter is:
G
U m 10 G a (100 A ) C m (1 a ) W m ( G a 1) .......... 6 . 7 . 1
Gc
where:
Um =unit mass of fresh concrete (kg/m3)
Ga =weighted average specific gravity of combined fine and coarse aggregate (bulk SSD)
Gc = specific gravity of Cement (generally 3.15)
A = air content (%)
Wm =mixing water requirement (kg/m3)
Cm = Cement requirement (kg/m3)
Ga = 2.67
Gc = 3.15
A= 2.0 %
Wm = 207 kg/m3
Cm = 460 kg/m3 Um = 2341 kg/m3
6.7.3--Batch masses per cubic meter of concrete calculated on the two bases are compared below:
6.8 -- Tests indicate total moisture of 0.3 percent in the coarse aggregate and 4.6 percent in the fine aggregate. If the trial batch proportions based on assumed concrete mass are used, the
adjusted aggregate masses become:
Coarse aggregate = 997*1.003 = 1000 kg/m3 wet
Fine aggregates = 676*1.046 = 708 kg/m3 wet
project: Dima-Raad Bridge Road Upgrading Designed by Tayachew Melisew (p/me) August 2016
Employer: Consultant: ECDSWC; Contractor:
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Transport Design Supervision Works Sector ECWC; TIC
Absorbed water does not become part of the mixing water and must be excluded from the adjustment in added water. Thus, surface water contributed by the coarse aggregate amounts to 0.2-
0.90 = -0.7 percent; by the fine aggregate 5.6-2.03 = 3.57 percent. The estimated requirement for added water, therefore, becomes:
6.9 -- For the laboratory trial batch, it is found convenient to scale the masses down to produce = 0.020m3 of concrete. the calculated quantity of water to be added was 216*0.020 = 3.80 kg, the
amount actually used in an effort to obtain the desired 25 to 75 mm slump is 3.80 kg. The batch as mixed, therefore, consists of:
0.020 m3
Ingredient Trial batch (kg)
Water 3.91
Cement 9.20
Coarse aggregate 20.00
Fine aggregate 14.15
Total = 47.27
The concrete has a measured slump of 50 mm and unit mass of 2383 kg/m3. It is judged to be satisfactory from the standpoint of workability and finishing properties. To provide proper yield and other
characteristics for future batches, the following adjustments are made:
Yield (Y) of the trial batch was = 47.27/2363 = 0.02000 m3
Design Yield (Yd) = 1.000 m3
Relative Yield (Ry) = Y/Yd = 0.02000
A1.5.3.9.1 The estimated mixing water to produce the same slump as the trial batch will be equal to the net amount of mixing water used divided by the yield of the trial batch in m3. If slump of the trial
batch was not correct, increase or decrease the re-estimated water content by 2 kg/m3 of concrete for each increase or decrease of 10 mm in slump desired.
and the mixing water content was 3.80 (added) +997*(0.2-0.9)/100*0.020 (on coarse aggregate) + 676*(5.6-2.03)/100*0.020 (on fine aggregate) = 3.80 kg, the mixing water required for a cubic meter of
concrete with the same slump as the trial batch should be:
Since workability was found to be satisfactory, the quantity of coarse aggregate per unit volume of concrete will be maintained the same as in the trial batch.
The amount of coarse aggregate per cubic meter becomes = 20.21/0.02025 = 1000 kg wet
= 998/1.001 = 997 kg dry
= 997*1.009 = 1006 kg SSD
The volume of ingredients other than air in the original trial batch was
volume m3
Water = 216*0.02025/1000 = 0.0039
Cement = 479*0.02025/3150 = 0.0029
Coarse aggregate (dry) =997*0.0203/2669 = 0.0075
Fine aggregate (dry) = 676*0.0203/2670 = 0.0051
Total = 0.0194
Since the yield was also 0.0201 m3, there was 0.00015m3 air in the concrete detectable within the precision of the unit mass test and significant figures of the calculations. With the proportions of all
components except fine aggregate established, the determination of adjusted cubic meter batch quantities can be completed as follows:
project: Dima-Raad Bridge Road Upgrading Designed by Tayachew Melisew (p/me) August 2016
Employer: Consultant: ECDSWC; Contractor:
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Transport Design Supervision Works Sector ECWC; TIC
Volume of fine aggregate required = 1.0 - 0.737 = 0.263 m3
Mass of fine aggregate (dry basis) = 0.258*2670 = 702 kg dry
702*1.046 = 734 kg SSD
Final adjusted concrete ingredients
Ingredients Mass (kg/m3)
Water 213
Cement 473
Coares aggregate (SSD) 1006
Fine aggregate (SSD) 734
Total = 2427
project: Dima-Raad Bridge Road Upgrading Designed by Tayachew Melisew (p/me) August 2016
Employer: Consultant: ECDSWC; Contractor:
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Transport Design Supervision Works Sector ECWC; TIC
Samples Taken from first trial Reinforced Concrete Pipe Production at 126+000 LHS with Cement content of 478kg/m3
Actual Compressive
Casting date
Testing date
Strength (Mpa) Required
Trial Target Mean
Age of concrete in Days SLUMP (mm) Weight (gm) Density (Kg/m3) Strength
No. Strength (Mpa)
(Mpa)
Individual Average
9/6/2016
9/27/2016
9 28 46.5
50.4 35
10 28 54.7
11 28 53.4
12 28 53.1
An appropriate general equation for predicting compressive strength at any time t (ACI 209):
t
f c (t ) f c (28)
4 0.85t
31.9
Sign; Sign;
Sign; Sign;
project: Dima-Raad Bridge Road Upgrading Designed by Tayachew Melisew (p/me) August 2016
Employer: Consultant: ECDSWC; Contractor:
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Transport Design and Supervision Works Sector ECWC; TIC
Concrete Class: C-35 Mix Design No 1
Regarding to the concrete characteristics prescribed by the specifications used for those basic datas are summarized in Table 1/1 as follow:
Table 1/1: Summary of requirements
Parameters Description Reference
Type of cement OPC (Mugher) _
2 Ingredient
2.4. Water :- The test results attached for the concrete water issued by TCDSCo Consulting Engineer's Laboratory indicate that satisfactory test results.
3 Laboratory quality test results
3.1 Please find the attached quality test results of :-
3.1.1
Coarse aggregate:- Gradation, Dry rodded density,Loose unit weight, specific gravity & Absorption, LAA, Soundness, PSV and Clay content.
3.1.2
Fine aggregate:- Gradation, F.M, silt clay content, sand equivalent, soundness, specific gravity and absorption, loose unit weight
4.1 The cylinderical target mean compressive strength at 28 days is given by the following equation:
The minimum average strength of all samples should not be less than the required average Strength (cylinderical):
Targat Mean Strength, fckr = fck+8.3 Mpa when 20.7MPa ≤ fck ≤34.5MPa = 28+8.3 = 36.3 Mpa (ACI 214R-02)
4.2 Required compressive strength ( cubical) = 1.25 * Cylinder strength = 36.3*1.25 = 45.4 Mpa
Therefore, the minimum average strength of all samples should not be less than = 36.3MPa (cylinder strength) or 45.4MPa (cube strength).
Loose unit weight (Kg/m3) 1485 Loose unit weight (Kg/m3) 1460
N.M.C (%) 0.30 N.M.C (%) 4.60
Specific gr. Of Cement
Specific gravity of water 1.00 (O.P.C) 3.15
project: Dima-Raad Bridge Road Upgrading Designed by Tayachew Melisew (p/me) August 2016
Employer: Consultant: ECDSWC; Contractor:
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Transport Design and Supervision Works Sector ECWC; TIC
6 DESIGN CALCULATIONS
6.5 -- From the information developed in Steps 3 and 4, the required cement content is found to be = 190/0.45 =
422 kg > 400 kg OK!
Try cement= 460 kg
6.6 -- The quantity of coarse aggregate is estimated from Table A 1.5.3.6. For a fine aggregate having a fineness modulus of 3.0 and a 20 mm nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate, the table
indicates that 0.60 m3 of coarse aggregate, on a dry-rodded basis, may be used in each cubic meter of concrete.
The required dry mass is, therefore, = 0.60*1662 = 997 kg dry
6.7 -- With the quantities of water, cement and coarse aggregate established, the remaining material comprising the cubic meter of concrete must consist of fine aggregate and whatever air will be
entrapped. The required fine aggregate may be determined on the basis of either mass or absolute volume as shown below:
6.7.1--Mass basis -- From Table A1.5.3.7.1, the mass of a cubic meter of non-air-entrained concrete made with aggregate having a nominal maximum size of 20 mm is estimated to be 2345 kg.
(For a first trial batch, exact adjustments of this value for usual differences in slump, cement factor, and aggregate specific gravity are not critical). Masses already known are:
6.7.2--Absolute volume basis -- With the quantities of cement, water, and coarse aggregate established, and the approximate entrapped air content (as opposed to purposely entrained air) of 2 percent
determined from Table Al.5.3.3, the sand content can be calculated as follows:
Estimation of fine aggregate content using Eq. 6.7.1--- In the SI, the formula for calculation of fresh concrete mass per cubic meter is:
G
U m 10 G a (100 A ) C m (1 a ) W m ( G a 1) .......... 6 . 7 . 1
Gc
where:
Um =unit mass of fresh concrete (kg/m3)
Ga =weighted average specific gravity of combined fine and coarse aggregate (bulk SSD)
Gc = specific gravity of Cement (generally 3.15)
A = air content (%)
Wm =mixing water requirement (kg/m3)
Cm = Cement requirement (kg/m3)
Ga = 2.67
Gc = 3.15
A= 2.0 %
Wm = 190 kg/m3
Cm = 460 kg/m3 Um = 2369 kg/m3
6.7.3--Batch masses per cubic meter of concrete calculated on the two bases are compared below:
6.8 -- Tests indicate total moisture of 0.3 percent in the coarse aggregate and 4.6 percent in the fine aggregate. If the trial batch proportions based on assumed concrete mass are used, the
adjusted aggregate masses become:
Coarse aggregate = 997*1.003 = 1000 kg/m3 wet
Fine aggregates = 676*1.046 = 755 kg/m3 wet
project: Dima-Raad Bridge Road Upgrading Designed by Tayachew Melisew (p/me) August 2016
Employer: Consultant: ECDSWC; Contractor:
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Transport Design and Supervision Works Sector ECWC; TIC
Absorbed water does not become part of the mixing water and must be excluded from the adjustment in added water. Thus, surface water contributed by the coarse aggregate amounts to 0.1-
0.90 = -0.8 percent; by the fine aggregate 2.6-2.03 = 0.57 percent. The estimated requirement for added water, therefore, becomes:
6.9 -- For the laboratory trial batch, it is found convenient to scale the masses down to produce = 0.027m3 of concrete. the calculated quantity of water to be added was 194*0.027 = 5.23 kg, the
amount actually used in an effort to obtain the desired 25 to 75 mm slump is 5.23 kg. The batch as mixed, therefore, consists of:
0.027 m3
Ingredient Trial batch (kg)
Water 4.79
Cement 12.42
Coarse aggregate 27.01
Fine aggregate 20.39
Total = 64.60
The concrete has a measured slump of 50 mm and unit mass of 2383 kg/m3. It is judged to be satisfactory from the standpoint of workability and finishing properties. To provide proper yield and other
characteristics for future batches, the following adjustments are made:
Yield (Y) of the trial batch was = 64.60/2656.8 = 0.024 m3
Since the yield was also 0.027 m3, there was 0.003m3 air in the concrete detectable within the precision of the unit mass test and significant figures of the calculations. With the proportions of all
components except fine aggregate established, the determination of adjusted cubic meter batch quantities can be completed as follows:
Detacted Air Content in the fresh concrete (%) =Trial Batch-Yield = 0.0027
The Re-estimated batch masses based on the above yield for a cubic meter of concrete are:
project: Dima-Raad Bridge Road Upgrading Designed by Tayachew Melisew (p/me) August 2016
Employer: Consultant: ECDSWC; Contractor:
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Transport Design and Supervision Works Sector ECWC; TIC
Samples Taken from first trial Reinforced Concrete Pipe Production at 126+000 LHS with Cement content of 478kg/m3
Actual Compressive
Casting date
Testing date
Strength (Mpa) Required
Trial Target Mean Cube
Age of concrete in Days SLUMP (mm) Weight (gm) Density (Kg/m3) Strength
No. Strength (Mpa)
(Mpa)
Individual Average
9/6/2016
9/27/2016
9 28 46.5
50.4 35
10 28 54.7
11 28 53.4
12 28 53.1
Sign; Sign;
Sign; Sign;
project: Dima-Raad Bridge Road Upgrading Designed by Tayachew Melisew (p/me) August 2016
Employer: Consultant: ECDSWC; Contractor:
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Transport Design Supervision Works Sector ECWC; TIC
Concrete Class: C-35 Mix Design No 1
Regarding to the concrete characteristics prescribed by the specifications used for those basic datas are summarized in Table 1/1 as follow:
Table 1/1: Summary of requirements
Parameters Description Reference
Type of cement OPC (Mugher) _
2 Ingredient
2.4. Water :- The test results attached for the concrete water issued by TCDSCo Consulting Engineer's Laboratory indicate that satisfactory test results.
3 Laboratory quality test results
3.1 Please find the attached quality test results of :-
3.1.1
Coarse aggregate:- Gradation, Dry rodded density,Loose unit weight, specific gravity & Absorption, LAA, Soundness, PSV and Clay content.
3.1.2
Fine aggregate:- Gradation, F.M, silt clay content, sand equivalent, soundness, specific gravity and absorption, loose unit weight
4.1 The cylinderical target mean compressive strength at 28 days is given by the following equation:
The minimum average strength of all samples should not be less than the required average Strength (cylinderical):
Targat Mean Strength, fckr = fck+8.3 Mpa when 20.7MPa ≤ fck ≤34.5MPa = 28+8.3 = 36.3 Mpa (ACI 214R-02)
4.2 Required compressive strength ( cubical) = 1.25 * Cylinder strength = 36.3*1.25 = 45.4 Mpa
Therefore, the minimum average strength of all samples should not be less than = 36.3MPa (cylinder strength) or 45.4MPa (cube strength).
Loose unit weight (Kg/m3) 1485 Loose unit weight (Kg/m3) 1460
N.M.C (%) 0.30 N.M.C (%) 4.60
Specific gr. Of Cement
Specific gravity of water 1.00 (O.P.C) 3.15
project: Dima-Raad Bridge Road Upgrading Designed by Tayachew Melisew (p/me) August 2016
Employer: Consultant: ECDSWC; Contractor:
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Transport Design Supervision Works Sector ECWC; TIC
6 DESIGN CALCULATIONS
6.5 -- From the information developed in Steps 3 and 4, the required cement content is found to be = 190/0.45 =
440 kg > 400 kg OK!
Try cement= 460 kg
6.6 -- The quantity of coarse aggregate is estimated from Table A 1.5.3.6. For a fine aggregate having a fineness modulus of 3.0 and a 20 mm nominal maximum size of coarse aggregate, the table indicates
that 0.60 m3 of coarse aggregate, on a dry-rodded basis, may be used in each cubic meter of concrete.
The required dry mass is, therefore, = 0.60*1662 = 997 kg dry
997*(1+0.9/100) = 1006 kg SSD
6.7 -- With the quantities of water, cement and coarse aggregate established, the remaining material comprising the cubic meter of concrete must consist of fine aggregate and whatever air will be entrapped.
The required fine aggregate may be determined on the basis of either mass or absolute volume as shown below:
6.7.1--Mass basis -- From Table A1.5.3.7.1, the mass of a cubic meter of non-air-entrained concrete made with aggregate having a nominal maximum size of 20 mm is estimated to be 2345 kg.
(For a first trial batch, exact adjustments of this value for usual differences in slump, cement factor, and aggregate specific gravity are not critical). try 2500kg (from previous trials) Masses
already known are:
6.7.3--Batch masses per cubic meter of concrete calculated on the two methods are compared below:
Item
Mass Basis (kg/m3) Volume Basis (kg/m3)
Wet Dry Wet Dry
Water (net mixing) 198 198 198 198
Cement 460 460 460 460
Coarse aggregate (wet) 1006 997 1006 997
Fine aggregate (wet) 836 819 691 678
Total = 2500 2474 2356 2333
project: Dima-Raad Bridge Road Upgrading Designed by Tayachew Melisew (p/me) August 2016
Employer: Consultant: ECDSWC; Contractor:
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Transport Design Supervision Works Sector ECWC; TIC
project: Dima-Raad Bridge Road Upgrading Designed by Tayachew Melisew (p/me) August 2016
Employer: Consultant: ECDSWC; Contractor:
Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) Transport Design Supervision Works Sector ECWC; TIC
Samples Taken from first trial Reinforced Concrete Pipe Production at 126+000 LHS with Cement content of 478kg/m 3
Actual Compressive
Casting date
Testing date
Strength (Mpa) Required
Trial Target Mean
Age of concrete in Days SLUMP (mm) Weight (gm) Density (Kg/m3) Strength
No. Strength (Mpa)
(Mpa)
Individual Average
9/6/2016
3 7 9143 2709 31.7
33.45 25
4 7 8638 2559 32.7
5 7 8747 2592 33.1
6 7 9053 2682 34.4
Average 50 & 65 8967 2657 33.45 45.4
7 28 46.7
8 28 48.1
8/30/2016
9/27/2016
9 28 46.5
50.4 35
10 28 54.7
11 28 53.4
12 28 53.1
An appropriate general equation for predicting compressive strength at any time t (ACI 209):
t
f c (t ) f c (28)
4 0.85t
31.9
Sign; Sign;
Sign; Sign;
project: Dima-Raad Bridge Road Upgrading Designed by Tayachew Melisew (p/me) August 2016