EE 503 Project 1:Buck Converter

I Background:
Design an Open-Loop DC-DC Buck Converter with real components.
II: Requirement

III : Calculations

For a Buck Converter in CCM:

The duty cycle D is the Voltage Conversion Ratio
𝑉𝑂 1.8𝑉
𝐷= 𝑉𝑔
; 𝐷= 3.3𝑉
= 𝐷 = 0. 545
Setting the BCM output current at 𝐼0(𝐵𝐶𝑀) = 180𝑚𝐴. Ensuring that the converter is in DCM at
100𝑚𝐴 and in CCM from 200𝑚𝐴 − 800𝑚𝐴.

𝑉𝑔−𝑉0
● Inductor current: △𝐼𝐿 = 𝐿
* 𝐷 * 𝑇;
△𝐼𝐿
● 𝐼0(𝐵𝐶𝑀) = 2
𝑉𝑔−𝑉𝑜 3.3−1.8 6 −6
● Inductor value: 𝐿 = 2*𝐼0(𝐵𝐶𝑀)
*𝐷*𝑇= 2*0.18
* 11
* 10 ; 𝐿 = 2. 27𝑢𝐻

The ESR was chosen to be 46𝑚Ω from the IHLP-2020BZ-01 datasheet

 ● Inductor ESR: An inductor of 3.3uH has an ESR value of 79.2m
● Voltage Ripple: 10mV
(1−𝐷)𝑉𝑂
● △𝑉𝑂 = 2
8𝐿𝐶𝑓
(1−𝐷)𝑉𝑂 (1−0.545)(1.8𝑉)
● Capacitor: 𝐶 = 2 == 12 = 𝐶 = 4. 5𝑢𝐹;
8𝐿∆𝑉𝑂𝑓 8(2.2𝑢𝐻)0.010*10

DCM Operation:
𝑉 1.8
𝐼0 = 100𝑚𝐴; 𝑅= 𝐼
= 0.1
= 18Ω

6
2𝐿 2*3.3*10
𝐾= 𝑅𝑇
= 6 = 0. 2526
18*10

𝐾 0.2526
𝐷=𝑀* 1−𝑀
= 0. 545 * 1−0.545
;
Duty Cycle : D=0.407
Figure 2: Full schematic

Figure 3: Positive and negative Edge detector

Figure 4: Comparator

Figure 5: Driver and power transistor

Figure 6: NAND gate & SR Latch

Simulations:
In order to optimize the transistor sizing, the width of the NMOS was fixed at 30000*2u, and the
ratio between the last buffer state and the power transistor was fixed at 15.
The width of the PMOS is swept from 20000*2u to 400000*2u.

The efficiency was computed by averaging 100 cycles at a steady state.

Results

Output voltage at DCM

Plot showing the Inductor current, and gate drive voltages at Io = 100mA

NMOS optimization
 PMOS size Optimization:

Ratio optimization plot

From the optimization plot of the PMOS, the highest efficiency was achieved when W=60k*2u.

NMOS size Optimization:

From the optimization plot of the NMOS, the highest efficiency was achieved when W=120k*2u.

Conclusion:
The Buck converter was designed with an input voltage of 3.3V and the output voltage of 1.8V
with the nominal current of 500 mA in continuous conduction mode. The converter can also
operate in discontinuous mode at the low current of 100mA. I was able to meet the >85%
efficiency threshold requirement.