SECOND QUARTER, SY2020-2021 GED 102 WEEK 8

Task List

The topic for Week 8 is about Statistics. Not as comprehensive as a usual

statistics course, it only tackles Data Management concepts and procedures. It
highlights the use of the normal distribution and regression analysis.

Keep track of your progress in this lesson by checking the number corresponding to
each task.

_____ 1. Read/Watch Module 3 Topic 1 Introduction

_____ 2. Read/Watch Module 3 Topic 1 Lesson 1 (Normal Distribution and Empirical

Rule)

_____ 3. Read/Watch Module 3 Topic 1 Lesson 2 (Central Limit Theorem)

_____ 4. Read/Watch Module 3 Topic 1 Lesson 3 (Regression Analysis and

Correlation)

_____ 5. Work out HW 8.

_____ 6. Submit WGN Week 8.

SECOND QUARTER, SY2020-2021 GED 102 WEEK 8

Lesson 1. Normal Distribution

Highlights

A. What is Statistics and what is it for?

Statistics is a form of mathematical analysis that collects, analyzes, presents,
and interprets data mainly for coming up with an inference that can be applied in
a whole from the sample population. Statistics is used for testing hypotheses and
to see if the acquired data is applicable to the whole population.

B. Describe a normal distribution.

The normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution which has the

shape of a bell curve that is symmetrical to the both sides of the mean, the area
under the normal distribution curve represents probability and the total area
under the curve sums to one.

C. State and explain the Empirical Rule.

The Empirical rule states that:

• About 68% of the data is within 1 standard deviation of the mean.

• About 95% of the data is within 2 standard deviations of the mean.
• About 99.7% of the data is within 3 standard deviations of the mean.

This means that for a normal distribution, almost all observed data will fall within
the three standard deviations of the mean.
SECOND QUARTER, SY2020-2021 GED 102 WEEK 8

Lesson 2. Central Limit Theorem

Highlights

A. Explain the Inferential process of statistics

Statistical inference is the process through which inferences about a population

are made based on certain statistics calculated from a sample of data drawn from
that population. It means that whatever data they got from the sample
population; they will apply it to the whole population.

B. State and explain the Central Limit Theorem

The central limit theorem states that if you have a population with mean μ and
standard deviation σ and get large random samples from the population with
replacement, then the distribution of the sample means will be approximately
normally distributed or simply put the sampling distribution of the mean
approaches a normal distribution, as the sample size increases.
SECOND QUARTER, SY2020-2021 GED 102 WEEK 8

Lesson 3. Regression and Correlation

Highlights

A. Correlation Analysis
1. What is Correlation Analysis?

Correlation Analysis is statistical method that is used to discover if there

is a relationship between two variables and it measures the strength of
association between two variables and the direction of the relationship.

2. How is correlation measured and how is the value interpreted?

The correlation is measured by the Pearson Product Moment or Pearson

r. The value of the r ranges from -1 to 1 and if it’s close to 1 this means that
the two variables have strong positive relationship and if it’s -1 it has a
negative linear relationship but if the r resulted to 0 this means that it has
either weak or no relationship at all.

B. Regression Analysis
1. What is Regression Analysis?

Regression analysis is a set of statistical methods used for the

estimation of relationships between a dependent variable and one or more
independent variables, it is a method of identifying which variables have
impact on a topic of interest.

2. What is a Least-Squares Line?

The Least-Square Line is a linear equation that takes the form of y = bx

+ a. The value of the b determines whether the variables have a positive or
negative relationship. This equation is used to make a Regression Model for
the Regression Analysis.

Answer HW 8 (see pp. 315-317 of Textbook)