Processing Questions:

1. Did you find diagraming difficult? Why or why not?

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2. What do you call the diagrams that you used?
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3. What specific characteristics does each of the diagrams has?
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4. How would these diagrams help you in understanding the text?
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Notes to the Teacher

The activities in this module are arranged from simple to complex to help the
learners gradually master the desired learning competency. Give him/her the needed
support and guidance so that he/she will be able to determine the effect of textual aids
like advance organizers, titles, non-linear illustrations, etc. on the understanding of a
text.

Do you sometimes find it difficult to recall and organize important ideas you have
learned after reading a text? What do you do in order to remember them all?
Textual aids like advance organizers, diagrams and illustrations are effective tools
that you can use to retain information, organize and represent complex ideas in a visual
manner. Their main function is to help present information in concise ways that highlight
the organization and relationships of concepts.

8
 Examples of Textual Aids, Advance Organizers and Non-linear Illustrations

1. CONCEPT MAP
• A general organizer that shows a central idea with its
corresponding characteristics.
• Concept maps can take many different shapes and
can be used to show any type of relationship that can
be labeled.
2. FLOW CHART OR SEQUENCE CHART
• A flow diagram or sequence chart shows a series of
steps or events in the order in which they take place.
• It is an excellent tool for showing the steps
necessary to reach a final point.
3. COMPARE/CONTRAST OR VENN DIAGRAM
• It is used to identify the similarities and differences
between two or more concepts.

4. CAUSE-AND-EFFECT DIAGRAM
• It highlights the direct relationship between different
events or concepts.
5. GRAPHS (Pie, Line, Bar)
• A pie chart serves the same purpose of a line graph and a bar graph in the
sense it is designed to show differences between two separate subjects although it
eschews the common linear style found in the two other graphs.

6. MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS CHART

• This chart shows the hierarchical relationship
between major concepts and their subordinate
elements.

7. TIMELINE

• A timeline is display of a list of events in

chronological order.