MEEG 219 Metrology

Module III: Linear Measurement

Course Instructor:
Surendra Sujakhu, PhD
Email: surendra.sujakhu@ku.edu.np
 Module III: Linear Measurement

Micrometer
• sometimes known as a micrometer screw gauge

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Micrometer
 Construction
• The micrometer screw gauge essentially consists of an accurate screw
having about 10 or 20 threads per cm and revolves in a fixed nut.
• End of the screw forms one measuring tip and the other measuring tip is
constituted by a stationary anvil in the base of the frame.
• The screw is threaded for certain length and is plain afterwards. The
plain portion is called sleeve and its end is the measuring surface.
• Spindle is advanced or retracted by turning a thimble connected to the
spindle.
• Sleeve is graduated in unit of 0.5 mm
• Thimble has 50 divisions around its periphery on circular portion. Thus it
subdivides each revolution of the screw in 50 equal parts, i.e. each
division corresponds to 0.01 mm
• Ratchet stop is provided at the end of the thimble cap to maintain
sufficient and uniform measuring pressure

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Micrometer
 Working Principle
• Micrometers use the principle of a
screw to amplify small distances (that
are too small to measure directly) into
large rotations of the screw that are
big enough to read from a scale.

• The accuracy of a micrometer derives from the accuracy of the thread-

forms that are central to the core of its design.
 The amount of rotation of an accurately made screw can be directly and
precisely correlated to a certain amount of axial movement (and vice versa),
through the constant known as the screw's lead. A screw's lead is the
distance it moves forward axially with one complete turn (360°).
 With an appropriate lead and major diameter of the screw, a given amount of
axial movement will be amplified in the resulting circumferential movement.

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Micrometer
 Reading

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Micrometer
 Reading

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Other Variations of Micrometer

Tube Micrometer

Sheet
Micrometer

Screw Pitch
Micrometer

More about types of micrometers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RAlcUIQqrDk

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Care and Maintenance of Micrometer

Regularly wipe the circumference of the spindle and both measuring
faces with a dry, lint-free cloth.

Be careful not to drop your micrometer.

If you have accidentally damaged your micrometer, ensure that it is
inspected for accuracy before taking measurements.
You may need to recalibrate your micrometer.
Every so often, or after the micrometer has been in storage for an
extended period, apply a small amount of multi-purpose oil to its
exterior using a lint free cloth to prevent corrosion and rust.
Make sure that you store your micrometer in a ventilated place with
low humidity, and ideally at room temperature.
Most micrometers come with a protective storage case to keep them
safe when not in use.

When not using the micrometer, ensure that there is a gap between
the measuring faces.
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Dial Indicator
• Dial indicators are small indicating devices
using mechanical means such as gears and
pinions or levers for magnification system.
• They are basically used for making and
checking linear measurements.
• When a dial indicator is used as an
essential part in the mechanism any set
up for comparison measurement
purposes; it is called as a gauge.
• The dial indicator measures the
displacement of its plunger or a stylus
on a circular dial by means of a rotating
pointer.
• Uses: Determining errors in geometrical
forms, accurate measurement of
deformation, comparison of two heights
or distances

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Slip Gauges
• Slip gauges also known as Gauge blocks, or
Johansson gauges, or Jo blocks
• Slip gauges or gauge blocks are universally
accepted end standard of length
 Construction
• Slip gauges are rectangular in shape made up of high-grade steels with very
close tolerances.
• The Working faces of any slip gauge will be made truly flat and parallel.
• The slip gauges will undergo Hardening to resist wear and tear.
• They will be further heated and cooled down successively to remove the
hardening stresses induced during the hardening Process.
• The Slip Gauges can be made up of Tungsten Carbide because of it is extremely
capable of hard and wear resistance.
• The size of the slip gauges is permanently marked on any of the measuring faces
of individual slip gauge.

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Slip Gauges
 Setting up Slip gauges
• Before using slip gauges the faces should be
cleaned
• Slide one slip gauge over the other (at 90°) with
light pressure. (helps expel the air between the
slip gauges faces)
• Once placed rotate the top gauge to make them
in line by using light pressure
 Uses of Slip Gauge
• Setting up a comparator to a specific dimension
• Direct Precise measuring purpose.
• To inspect the Vernier Calliper, Micrometers and some other linear
measuring instruments.
• Conjunction with sine bar to measure the angle of the workpiece.
• Used to check the distance between the parallel faces.
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Slip Gauges

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Radius Gauges
• Also known as a Fillet gauge
• Tool used to measure the radius
of an object

• Radius gauges require a bright light behind the object to be

measured. The gauge is placed against the edge to be checked and
any light leakage between the blade and edge indicates a mismatch
that requires correction.
• A good set of gauges will offer both convex and concave sections, and
allow for their application in awkward locations.
• Every leaf has a different radius. The material of the leaves is stainless
steel.

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Feeler Gauges
• feeler gauge is a tool used to
measure gap widths
• Mostly used to measure the
clearance between two parts

• Consist of a number of small lengths of steel of different thicknesses

with measurements marked on each piece
• They are flexible enough that, even if they are all on the same hinge,
several can be stacked together to gauge intermediate values.

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Assignment

• Study about other linear measuring instruments

Wire gauge
Screw pitch gauge
Telescopic gauge

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