Name: Nico Allen D.

Suarez Subject: BFCMLEC A

Topic: "Structure-Function Relationship of Macromolecules and Enzymes" Date: 3/25/2022

Topic Overview:
Macromolecules are essential components of cells that
perform vital tasks. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids are the four major classes. The monomer and
polymer compositions of these classes, as well as the
cellular structures they generate, differ. The creation and
breakdown of such macromolecules are aided by
fundamental processes such as hydrolysis and dehydration
synthesis (polymerization).
Enzymes are proteins that aid in the speeding up of
chemical reactions and metabolic processes. They can
operate as catalysts for a single substrate, a group of
related substrates, or a specific form of bond, which
makes them unique. They alter them to reduce the amount
of energy necessary for a reaction to take place.
Keyword # 1
Polymerization
Definition:
Polymerization is the process of monomers that
are chemically combined with each other to
produce a polymer. Polymerization happens
through one of two processes, (1) dehydration
synthesis, it is process where molecules are
put together through the removal of water, and
(2) hydrolysis, water is added to tear
molecules apart.
Keyword # 2
Functions of the Different
Macromolecules
Definition
Carbohydrates store energy, provide fuel, and build structure in
body, main source of energy, structure of plant cell wall. Lipids
provides energy for cells, cell structure and insulation. Proteins
aids in the repair and development of your body's tissues, as
well as allowing metabolic responses and coordinating biological
operations. Proteins not only provide a structural basis for your
body, but they also keep the pH and fluid balance in check.
Nucleic acids are responsible for the storage and expression of
genetic information. The information a cell needs to create
proteins is encoded in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Keyword # 3
Function of Enzymes
Definition:
Enzymes are proteins that enable our bodies' metabolism,
or chemical reactions, go more quickly. The substrate
attaches to the active site of enzymes. This creates an
enzyme-substrate complex, which creates a chemical
environment in which reactions can take place. The
apoenzyme is the enzyme's protein component, whereas
the cofactor is a nonprotein molecule that is tightly or
loosely attached to the enzyme. Inhibitors are chemicals
that alter an enzyme's catalytic characteristics in order
to slow down its reaction rate.

Class Takeaways: Questions:

Structure
- Carbohyrdrates consists of 1:2:1 ratio of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
- Lipids consists of a glycerol backbone, two hydrophobic fatty acid tails, 1. Relationship between mutations and enzymes?
and a phosphate group which are hydrophilic. 2. Can a cell membrane be overloaded with too many particles attempting to enter?
- Proteins consists of strands of amino acids that fold into three-
dimensional structures. A protein's full structure can be classified into four
stages of complexity: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
- Nucleic Acid consists of lengthy chain-like molecules (nucleotides made
up of a succession of essentially similar building components. A nitrogen-
containing aromatic base is connected to a pentose (five-carbon) sugar,
which is then bonded to a phosphate group in each nucleotide.