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  • Biological Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids

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    Joan Pamat
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    The document summarizes four major classes of biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates provide energy and serve structural roles. Lipids are essential building blocks of cell membranes and provide energy storage. Proteins have many functions including enzymatic activity, cell signaling, transport, and immunity. Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, control genetic inheritance and direct protein synthesis.

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    Biological Macromolecules

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    The document summarizes four major classes of biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates provide energy and serve structural roles. Lipids are essential building blocks of cell membranes and provide energy storage. Proteins have many functions including enzymatic activity, cell signaling, transport, and immunity. Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, control genetic inheritance and direct protein synthesis.

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    33 views1 page

    Biological Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids

    Uploaded by

    Joan Pamat
    The document summarizes four major classes of biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates provide energy and serve structural roles. Lipids are essential building blocks of cell membranes and provide energy storage. Proteins have many functions including enzymatic activity, cell signaling, transport, and immunity. Nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, control genetic inheritance and direct protein synthesis.

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    of 1

    BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

    CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NNUCLEIC ACIDS

    Lipids are essential for all Nucleic acids include the


    life on Earth. Arguably the Proteins are very important all-important DNA and
    One major class of biological most important function lipi macromolecules; they have RNA. DNA is the
    macromolecules are ds perform is as the many levels of structure and blueprint for genetic
    carbohydrates, which are a number of functions. Every
    building blocks of cellular development for all life-
    further divided into three cell in the human body
    subtypes: monosaccharides, membranes. Other forms; it holds the
    contains proteins and most
    disaccharides, and functions include energy necessary information
    bodily fluids contain proteins
    polysaccharides. Importantly, storage, insulation, cellular required for protein
    as well. Proteins make up a
    carbohydrates provide energy communication and synthesis. RNA is the
    large part of human skin,
    to the body, particularly
    protection. carrier of this information
    organs, muscles and glands.
    through glucose, a simple to the actual site of
    sugar that is a component of Proteins assist the body in
    • As an energy source, repairing cells and making protein production.
    starch and an ingredient in Functions of nucleic
    many basic foods.
    lipids provide 9 kcal of new ones, and are an
    energy per gram important dietary and energy acids:
    1. Carbohydrate oxidation
    provides energy • Triglycerides provide requirement, especially for
    2. Carbohydrate storage, in the energy storage in growing adolescents and • DNA is the chemical
    form of glycogen, provides a adipocytes expectant mothers. There are basis of heredity
    short-term energy reserve • Phosphoglycerides, many different proteins in your • Reserve bank of genetic
    3. Carbohydrate’s supply sphingolipids, and steroids body, and they perform information
    carbon atoms for the synthesis are structural components different functions. Proteins • Responsible for
    of other biochemical of cell membranes functions include: maintaining the identity of
    substances. (proteins, lipids, a.
    nucleic adds) 4. Carbohydrates
    • Steroid hormones are different species of
    critical intercellular — Contributing to enzyme
    form part of the structural organisms over millions of
    activity that promotes
    framework of DNA and RNA messengers years
    chemical react ions in the
    molecules • Lipid-soluble vitamins (A, — Signaling cells what to do • Cellular function is under
    5. Carbohydrates linked to E, D, K) and when to do it the control of DNA
    lipids are structural • Dietary fat acts as a — Transporting substances • The basic information
    components of cell membranes carrier of lipid-soluble around the body pathway
    6. Carbohydrate’s link. to vitamins into cells of small — Keeping fluids and pH • DNA directs the
    proteins function in a variety of intestine balanced in the body synthesis of RNA, which
    cell-cell and cell-molecule — Promoting antibody activity
    recognition processes.
    • Provide shock absorption in turn directs protein
    and insulation that controls immune and
    synthesis
    allergy functions

    EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES:
    EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES:
     Bread  Broccoli
     Butter  Poultry
     Beans  Nuts
     Oil Products
     Potatoes  Seafood
     Waxes  Nuts & Seeds
     Corn  Yeast
     Cheese  Seafood
     Grains  Spinach
     Milk  Oats
     Pasta  Meat
     Chocolates  Eggs
     Nuts  Cauliflower
     Steroids  Dairy Products

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