WHAT I CAN DO

ACTIVITY 18. WHEN DRIVING GETS BETTER

In most cases, the behavior of the driver can be divided into two categories: intended and
unintended. The driver’s intended behavior is an extension of his or her mental thinking that can be
utilized to decrease the driver’s inner mental states. The normal behaviors of the driver include head
rotation, eye-gaze dynamics, hand motion, body movement, and foot dynamics. These behaviors should
only be related with driving and should not put the passenger and the driver itself in any danger.
Furthermore, these behaviors should be used accurately, free from any fatigue, distractions, and
unnecessary movements. A more accurate intention inference system will benefit from a greater
understanding of driving-related actions.

On the other hand, the ideal gas laws can be used to increase the safety of both passenger and
driver. For instance, ideal gas laws are used for the airbags in vehicles. When accidents happen, the airbags
quickly deploy and filled with different gases in order to inflate them. These airbags contain nitrogen gases
as they inflate. Through a reaction with sodium azide, the nitrogen gas is produced. On the other hand,
the sodium metal undergoes a reaction with potassium nitrate, which neutralizes the sodium and
sufficient gas is produced such that the airbag is inflated with enough and not overfilled air.

1. The thoracic cavity, or chest cavity, is always somewhat under pressure, which helps to keep the
lungs' airways open. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles (the muscles that link the rib cage)
contract during inhalation, causing the lung volume to expand and the thoracic cavity to enlarge.
Based on the principles of Boyle's Law, the pressure is reduced as the volume increases. The
thoracic cavity pressure is less than atmospheric pressure due to this decrease in pressure in
relation to the surroundings. Air rushes into the lungs due to the pressure difference between
the atmosphere and the thoracic cavity; inhalation occurs. Because the bronchioles and bronchi
are inflexible structures that do not fluctuate in size, the rise in volume is mostly due to an
increase in alveolar space. In addition, according to the principle of Boyle's Law, if a given amount
of gas has a constant temperature, increasing its volume reduces its pressure, and vice versa.
Muscles expand your lungs and increase the size of your thoracic (chest) cavity as you inhale. As
a result of the increased volume, the pressure inside the lungs reduces.
2. If a gas's temperature is kept constant, Boyle's law states that reducing the volume of the gas
raises its pressure, and vice versa. When you squeeze the bubbles in bubble wrap, this is what
occurs. As the volume of the bubbles decreases, the air pressure inside the bubbles rises until it
pops. Even if the amount of gas in the bubbles remains constant, the volume of the bubbles
increases due to the lower pressure. When there is less pressure on a gas bubble, it expands.
WHAT IS IT
ACTIVITY 5. NUCLEIC ACID: DNA VS. RNA
BASIS OF COMPARISON DNA
DESCRIPTION Deoxyribonucleic acid is a
molecule composed of two
polynucleotide chains, which
coil around each other in order
to form a double helix that
carries genetic instructions
necessary for the development,
functioning, growth, and
reproduction of organisms.
FUNCTION Long-term storage for genetic
information, as well as
transmission of genetic
information to make other cells
and new organisms.
NUMBER OF STRANDS 2 (double-stranded molecule)
SUGAR Deoxyribose
NITROGENOUS BASES Adenine (A), Thymine (T),
Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G)
RNA
Ribonucleic acid is a crucial
biological macromolecule that is
present in all biological cells. It
is involved in synthesis of
proteins, carries messenger
instructions from DNA that
contains genetic instructions
needed for the development
and maintenance of life.
Used to transfer the genetic
code from the nucleus to the
ribosomes to produce proteins.
It is also used to transmit
genetic information in some
organisms and to store genetic
blueprints in primitive
organisms.
1 (single-stranded molecule)
Ribose
Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine
(C), and Guanine (G)
WHAT HAVE A LEARNED

ACTIVITY 6. BIOMOLECULES

BIOMOLECULES
PROTEIN CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS NUCLEIC ACID
Carbohydrate Lipids are Nucleic acids are
Proteins are
is made up of responsible for responsible for
major structural
molecules serving as a carrying
elements of
containing source of stored molecules of the
cell. they serve
atoms of energy and acting cell, and, by
as transporters
carbon, as chemical directing the
that move
hydrogen, and messengers. It process of
nutrients and
oxygen, all of also form protein
other
which essential membranes, synthesis, they
molecules in
for energy which separate determine the
and out of cells.
sources and cells from their characteristics
It also forms
structural environments. It that are
antibodies and
components of gives rise to inherited by
hormones, and
life. organelles such as every living
influence gene
nucleus and thing. Its two
activity.
mitochondrion in main classess are
more complex deoxyribonucleic
organisms. acid (DNA) and
ribonucleic acid
(RNA).
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

Noodles: Wheat flour (gluten),

LUCKY ME PANCIT CANTON FOOD LABEL
vegetable oil (palm oil, green tea
extract), salt, stabilizer (Guar Gum),
acidity regulator (carbonates, sodium
and potassium), emulsifier
(polyphosphate).

Seasoning: Coconut oil, maltodextin,

soy sauce (water, soybean, wheat
(gluten), salt), preservative
(potassium sorbate), artificial chicken
flavor, cane sugar, salt, flavor
enhancers (monosodium glutamate,
disodium 5’-inosinate, disodium 5’-
guanylate), dehydrated vegetables
(carrot, chive), spices (onion, garlic),
colour (caramel colour).

Lucky Me Pancit Canton is one of the

famous snacks in the Philippines. It
can be paired with rice depending on
one’s preference. Although it is
unhealthy, there are still consuming
it since it is easy to prepare, cheap,
and can be paired with different side
foods such as rice and bread.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

ACTIVITY 4. RESET ME

Three facts I learned are:

1. The different biomolecules and their roles or functions in our body. There are four biomolecules,
which are the proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.
2. I have learned the differences between DNA and RNA. I have learned their functions in our
body, as well as their components.
3. I have learned how to apply the principles of Boyle’s Law and other gas laws in real life
situations. I realized that even in safety driving, ideal gas laws can be applied.
Two questions I still have are:

1. Aside from airbags, what are the other uses of gas laws when it comes to safety driving?
2. Aside from mentioned above, what are the other functions of DNA and RNA?

One opinion I now have is:

I hope that I will learn more about our topic despite of this new academic setting. I am hoping
for more learning materials in order to gain more knowledge about the said and future topics.