EFFECTS OF THE CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED BY THE GYM INSTRUCTORS'

TOWARDS ONLINE COACHING’S ON THE PHYSICAL FITNESS PROGRAM

Bercasio, Babylyn O.

Dimacuha, Angela Gabriel B.

Flores, Katelyn V.

An undergraduate thesis proposal submitted to the faculty of the Department of College of

Sports physical Education and Recreation (CSPEAR), Cavite State University, Indang,
Cavite in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Exercises of Sports and Sciences Major in Sports Management with Contribution
No.______. Prepared under the supervision of Ms. Jazmin P. Cubillo.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

According to Flurry Insights, online training is one of the fastest growing

segments of the fitness industry. In fact, health and fitness app usage rose 330%

between 2014 and 2017, and the app category grew 9% between 2016 and 2017. In

more tangible terms, a 2015 study performed by researchers at the New York

University School of Medicine found that more than half of all smart phone users had

downloaded a fitness or health app.

It's not just fitness apps that are growing in popularity. Streaming programs, such

as Grokker and Crunch Live, are popping up all over the internet, and full-length fitness

videos abound on YouTube.

According to World Health Organization, health is one of the things to focus on

especially during this pandemic. This virus has spread to almost all of the countries.

Positive cases are now increasing caused by COVID-19 pandemic so restriction will

remain to prevent the spread of the virus. People around the world are required to stay

at home. Having bonding with their families and managing their own business. But this

pandemic has also created a moment in which people have started to pay attention

with their health.

Establishments are now temporarily closed, including gyms and fitness clubs. In

that case, gym instructors offered online classes. They are offering online workouts in

order to maintain good posture and help everyone stay fit and connected. Google

Meet, Zoom App and Discord are their uses.

Internet may be one of the major problems that are why coaches make their own

way. Some of them video themselves showing the proper way of executing exercises

properly. They do live streaming in social media and uploading on their YouTube

channels.
 According to Patricia Suppe, President of the California Association for Health

Physical Recreation and dance, workout classes has been one of the most challenging

one to teach online. Instructors are really working hard for it.

The whole quickly the world has ground to a stop due to the pandemic disease COVID-

19. Indeed, the pandemic's impact will be enormous, and isolation will be the only way to

halt the disease's rapid spread. The imposed lockdown, which resulted in the closure of

businesses, public spaces, fitness and activity centers, and general social life, harmed

aspects of people's lives, including their routine fitness activities, resulting in psychological

problems and important fitness and health concerns. The authors of this article sought to

better understand fitness freaks' different experiences during the COVID-19 lockdown

period. Additionally, the article examined how various exercises and fitness tasks performed

at home assist individuals in coping with psychological and physical health issues. Twenty-

two adults who exercised regularly in a gym before contracting the COVID-19 virus but

remained at home during the statewide lockdown participated in semi-structured telephone

interviews. Hence they demonstrated psychological distress and an unhealthy reliance on

social media for entertainment. However, their positive self-perception and motivation to

disconnect from gym and fitness equipment and continue fitness workouts at home

gradually improved. Additionally, participants frequently incorporated music into their training

sessions. Regular fitness exercises performed at home during the lockdown aided them

significantly in overcoming personal and societal difficulties.

(Bentlage et al., 2020). In comparison to previous pandemics, the current COVID-19

pandemic has outstripped virtually all others in terms of global reach. It is the first time in

history that the entire world has been attacked concurrently and severely in such a short

period. Initially, the COVID-19 death rate was around 2% but has since increased to around

4–6%. (Organization mondiale de la santé [WHO], 2020). While the numbers may not

appear alarming at first glance, the total number of incidents and the rate at which they are

increasing daily raise concerns. COVID-19 cases have multiplied exponentially, resulting in

the isolation and lockdown of billions of people worldwide. COVID-19 has infected almost

every human being on the planet. The line between personal and professional lives has

become increasingly blurred as a result of work-from-home instructions, as a result of the

lockdown, people's lives have become increasingly focused on these two. However, people
have been concentrating their efforts at home on a critical issue, namely the importance of

health and fitness.

While population lockdown or quarantine has been widely used to halt the rapid spread

of COVID-19 throughout the world, it also has severe consequences. Recent multinational

studies demonstrate that COVID-19 restrictions have a detrimental effect on social

participation, life satisfaction (Ammar et al., 2020b), mental health, psychological and

emotional disorders, and sleep quality (Xiao et al., 2020). Individuals' perspectives shift

abruptly as a result of physical activity and exercise, among other factors. According to

Ammar et al. (2020a), COVID-19 home confinement resulted in a decrease in all levels of

physical activity, an increase in daily sitting time of nearly 28%, and an increase in unhealthy

food consumption patterns. Similar findings have been reported in other studies as well

(Ammar et al., 2020c; de Oliveira Neto et al., 2020). Although these unexpected changes

impacted everyone, they had a disproportionate impact on those who were regularly

engaged in exercise activities in gyms, on the ground, or in other locations before the

lockdown. People imposed to stay at home due to the closure of fitness centres and public

parks, disrupting daily routines and impeding fitness activities. While being confined to one's

home for an extended period compromises physical fitness, the experience of restricted

physical activities, limited social communication, uncertainty, and helplessness results in the

emergence of psychological and physical health problems (Ammar et al., 2020a,c).

Varshney et al. (2020) discovered that adults experience psychological distress as a result

of their decision to maintain their current lifestyle in response to their fear of contracting

COVID-19 disease. On the other hand, effective coping mechanisms, psychological

resources, and regular physical activity may be beneficial in addressing such health

concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic (Chtourou et al., 2020)

It is critical to remember those physical activities (PA) and exercise not only promote

physical and psychological health, but also aid our cells in responding to the adverse effects

of several diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory

disease (Owen et al., 2010; Lavie et al., 2019; Jiménez-Pavón et al., 2020) Bentlage et al.

(2020) concluded in a recent review of 31 published studies that physical inactivity caused

by current pandemic restrictions is a serious public health problem and a significant risk

factor for life history and physical health disorders (Jurak et al., 2020). Exercise has been

shown to maintain other physical functions (respiratory, circulatory, muscular, nervous, and
skeletal systems) and to support other systems (endocrine, digestive, immune, or renal

systems) that our bodies require to combat known or unknown threats (Lavie et al., 2019;

Jiménez-Pavón et al., 2020).

When combined with other safeguards, regular physical activity is also beneficial in

mitigating the health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (Chen et al., 2020). According to

University of Virginia Health System researchers (Yan and Spaulding, 2020), regular

exercise may significantly reduce the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome, one of the

leading causes of death among COVID-19 patients. Physical activity and exercise can

contribute to an individual's psychological well-being (Stathi et al., 2002; Lehnert et al.,

2012). There is sufficient evidence to suggest that exercise is critical for promoting mental

health and well-being (e.g., Mazyarkin et al., 2019). However, when health promotion

activities such as sports and regular gym exercises are unavailable during a pandemic,

individuals find it exceedingly difficult to meet the WHO's general guidelines (cf. Bentlage et

al., 2020). Faced with pandemic-related restrictions (home confinement and closure of

gyms, parks, and fitness centres), the issue of how people cope and maintain their physical

fitness sustains businesses.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the gym instructors who are teaching online

workout during this Covid-19 pandemic.

1. What are the demographic profiles of the respondents in terms of?

1.1 Sex

1.2 Age

1.3 Years of expertise

2. What are the challenges encountered by gym instructors in terms of:

2.1 Scheduling

2.2 Clients

2.3 Equipment

2.4 Internet Connection

2.5 Income
3. What are the modification adjustments done by gym instructors in physical fitness

program in terms of?

3.1 Aerobic Exercise

3.2 Flexibility

3.3 Muscular Strength

3.4 Muscular Endurance

3.5 Body Composition

4. Is there a significant relationship between the challenges encountered by gym instructors

and physical fitness program?

Objectives

This study aims to determine the gym instructors who are teaching online workout

during this Covid-19 pandemic.

1. To determine the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Sex

1.2 Age

1.3 Years of Teaching

2. To determine the challenges encountered by gym instructors in terms of:

2.1 Scheduling

2.2 Clients

2.3 Equipment

2.4 Internet Connection

2.5 Income

3. What are the modification adjustments done by gym instructors in physical fitness

program in terms of:

3.1 Aerobic Exercise

3.2 Flexibility

3.3 Muscular Strength

 3.4 Muscular Endurance

3.5 Body Composition

4. There is a significant relationship between the challenges encountered by gym instructors

and physical fitness program:

Hypothesis

HA There is significant relationship between gym instructor and challenges they

encountered in terms of:

 Scheduling

 Clients

 Equipment

 Internet Connection

 Income

HO There is no significant relationship between gym instructor and challenges they

encountered in terms of:

 Scheduling

 Clients

 Equipment

 Internet Connection

 Income

Significance of the Study

The significance of the study laid on the challenges encountered by gym instructors

in Upland, Cavite. It was hoped that the findings of this study would stimulate interest for

further research in the subject and provide insight especially to the following;

Coaches/ Gym Instructors

This research may help gym instructors to determine the challenges of teaching

workout session through online.

Physical Education Teachers

 This will provide some information that they need in educating workout classes

through online.

Future Researchers

This research will be a useful reference of the researches that would plan to make

any related study.

Fitness Clients

This research will help fitness clients to determine what program they will take and what

equipment they will use in program they chose.

Research Locale

The researchers would like to investigate struggles of gym instructors in teaching

workout classes during this Covid-19 Pandemic in Upland, Cavite.

Scope and Limitation

Specifically, this research will identify the gym instructors' challenges in teaching

workout classes during this pandemic. This is only limits for gym instructors who are

teaching through online. This will not cover those instructors who train workout classes

physically.

Definition of Terms

Fitness Client. Person to be trained or motivate by the gym instructor. The one who takes

program provided by instructors. Person who wants to be physically fit.

Challenges. The barriers encountered by instructors that affect their teaching skills. Covid-

19 that were experiencing right now. Lockdown that makes gyms closed.

Online Teaching. Influencing via internet. Coaching using social media platform like

YouTube and Facebook.

Pandemic. Spreading of covid-19 virus in the Philippines. Lockdowns in different cities.

Gym Instructors. The one who provides training programs for fitness clients. They may

also call individual coaches who train, lead and help individuals to reach his/her own

objectives.
Online Workout. It is the exercise executing by the gym instructors and clients. This also

serves as an objective of those who wants to be physically fit.

Gym. A place wherein shoot for online workout perform. Place that is temporary closed due

to pandemic that causes lockdowns.

Live Streaming. The act of executing exercises using Facebook app or YouTube. It shows

proper execution of exercises client must follow. It consist of training programs that coaches

might offer

Conceptual Framework

This conceptual framework shows how Covid-19 pandemic creates challenges

that affect gym instructors on their teaching process.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Challenges Encountered by the

Physical Fitness Program
Gym Instructors

 Scheduling  Aerobic Exercise

 Flexibility
 Clients  Muscular Strength
 Equipment  Muscular Endurance
 Body Composition
 Internet Connection
 Income
 Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

The online learning environment for higher education is an immediate setting in

adhering to the COVID-19 social distancing protocol. However, Dyment and Downing (2020)

state that if research, practice, and policy fail to connect online initial teacher education

(ITE), the student experience and graduate learning outcomes may be hampered.

Interestingly, Cohen et al. (2020) have recently reported a successful approach regarding a

combined synchronous and asynchronous coaching of pre-service teachers in simulated

online learning environments. Specifically, the authors found an increased effect of the

combined synchronous and asynchronous approach compared to asynchronous coaching

only in simulated learning environments. Inclusively, the combined synchronous and

asynchronous coaching cohort positively influenced the pre-service teacher's perceptions of

students. This cohort implemented less desirable and less inclusive classroom management

behaviours (e.g. suspension, exclusion). Several innovative solutions utilizing technology to

improve the virtual learning experience for students in higher education have been

proposed, including the flipped classroom model, teleconferencing, and procedural

simulation (Chick et al. 2020). Online platforms such as Zoom©, Blackboard©, Canvas©,

Google Meet©, and Microsoft Teams© have been developed to support online learning

(Jowsey et al. 2020; Ng and Or 2020) in higher education, despite carrying the need for

robust and stable internet connections for students and teachers to avail of (Jowsey et al.

2020).

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant upheaval in the life of every individual

across the globe. It has hampered the day-to-day activities of almost all individuals,

including those who depend on gyms for their physical fitness routine. The present study

was conducted with individuals for whom going to the gym was a routine activity to explore

their experiences in terms of their perceptions of the pandemic situation and their ways of

coping with COVID-19-induced uncertainties and health issues. The findings of this study

not only are consistent with a range of studies that have reported psychological health

issues due to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown (Hawryluck et al., 2004;

Ammar et al., 2020a,b,c,d; Chtourou et al., 2020; de Oliveira Neto et al., 2020; Shigemura et

al., 2020; Varshney et al., 2020) but also go beyond those to suggest that, with time,
individuals learn to adapt to situations in healthy and positive ways. Participants reported

experiencing a significant change in their sleeping pattern, unexplained laziness, mental

fatigue, and having a general feeling of fear, anxiety, stress, and frustration due to home

confinement, which impacted their motivation to find alternate ways to continue fitness

exercises. Other factors found responsible for the lack of fitness motivation were the

absence of gym partners and the lack of gym environment, which were also considered as

potential sources of gym motivation in earlier studies (Sonstroem and Morgan, 1989;

Sonstroem and Harlow, 1994; McAuley et al., 2000; Fox, 2003; Tamur, 2014). It is important

to note that, being a social entity, people like the company of others and feel connected to

each other. This feeling of connectedness is found to be associated with various

psychological constructs such as persistence, motivation, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and

physical as well as psychological health (Scully et al., 1998; Proctor et al., 2011; Haslam et

al., 2015; Begun et al., 2018). The absence of this feeling of connectedness that people

were used to experiencing in a gym environment was probably one reason for the lack of

motivation for home exercise. The study's findings also indicated that although the

participants' perception of the pandemic situation was initially negative, their self-perception

gradually improved toward a positive one, as they realized that they had enough time to look

after themselves. Rauthmann et al. (2015) reported that environment and behaviour, if

different from the usual, lead to a negative situational perception. However, with an increase

in time available to devote to oneself, perceptions change in a positive direction

(Karagiannidis et al., 2015). Such a change in perception is likely to promote the process of

self-approval and find effective ways to deal with the current situation.

In the present study, a shift from the gym workout and fitness equipment toward substitutes

is visible during the latter part of the lockdown. After the initial confusion and passive wait for

normalizing, participants accepted the reality and started thinking about alternatives to

exercises related to heavy gym equipment. Some of their other options included switching to

yoga and meditation (National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, 2020),

high-intensity workouts at home, lifting heavy buckets, big water bottles, and skipping. All

these alternative arrangements helped individuals maintain their daily exercise routine and

contributed to their physical and mental health (Jiménez-Pavón et al., 2020; Nicol et al.,

2020). The American College of Sports Medicine had recommended 150–300 min of

aerobic exercise per week and two sessions per week of moderate-intensity muscle strength
exercises for people to be physically active during the COVID-19 pandemic (Joy, 2020). The

mixed impact of social media usage and listening to music during exercise was also

observed in this study. Results indicate that participants found social media to be an

effective medium to keep themselves up to date about the pandemic and overcome the

monotony of home confinement. Participants also experienced a lack of emotional

attachment, as face-to-face interaction during the said period was missing. This encouraged

participants to use social media to get connected to people and to witness their regular

activities, which they were missing otherwise. Several studies in the past have argued that

social support boosts motivation for training and can increase up to 35% more adherence to

a physical exercise program (Rhodes et al., 2001) and that it can be an additional strategy

to make exercise events more interactive and less dissociated from afferent body responses

(heart rate, breathing), which in turn results in more positive training experience (Kravitz and

Furst, 1991; Pridgeon and Grogan, 2012)

With the lockdown, the number of PT sessions per week was significantly reduced. Many

were either temporarily laid off by their employers or experienced sufficient loss in income to

qualify for the ad hoc financial compensation from the Norwegian authorities/government.

The lockdown period led to a reduction in self-reported vitality, especially among the female

respondents. Simultaneously, there was an increase in online and outdoor training use

during the lockdown, especially among the male respondents. Also, more males than

females reported using the lockdown period to study and follow courses. These gender

differences can be compared to what was said in academia during the lockdown, finding

fewer paper submissions and project initiations among females than male researchers

(Viglione, 2020).

This study aimed to examine the impact of Covid-19 and the enforced lockdown on the work

and living conditions of the PTs. Our main findings were that the lockdown had a

significantly negative yet potentially unnecessary impact on the working and living conditions

for the PTs. We will, in the discussion, argue that the negative impact could have been

avoided by more concise and specific regulations for the PTs from the start of the lockdown,

and we will interpret this considering the known poor reputation of the fitness industry

(Klepaker and Norøy, 2019).

 According to Mansureh Kebritchi, Angie Lipschuetz, Lilia Santiague Journal of

Educational Technology Systems, online education changes all components of teaching and

learning in higher education. Many empirical studies have been conducted to examine

issues in delivering online courses; however, few have synthesized prior studies and

provided an overview on issues in online courses. A review of the literature using the

Coopers framework was conducted to identify such problems. Three major categories of

findings were identified: issues related to online learners, instructors, and content

development. Learners' topics included learners' expectations, readiness, identity, and

participation in online courses. Instructors' issues included changing faculty roles,

transitioning from face-to-face to online, time management, and teaching styles. Content

issues had the part of instructors in content development, integration of multimedia in

content, role of instructional strategies in content development, and considerations for

content development. To address these challenges in online education, higher education

institutions need to provide professional development for instructors, training for learners,

and technical support for content development.had significantly negative, yet potentially

unnecessary impact, on the working and living conditions for the PTs. We will in the

discussion argue that the negative impact could have been avoided by more concise and

specific regulations for the PTs from the start of the lockdown, and we will interpret this

considering the known poor reputation of the fitness industry (Klepaker and Norøy, 2019).

According to Mansureh Kebritchi, Angie Lipschuetz, Lilia Santiague Journal of

Educational Technology Systems, online education changes all components of teaching and

learning in higher education. Many empirical studies have been conducted to examine

issues in delivering online courses; however, few have synthesized prior studies and

provided an overview on issues in online courses. A review of literature using Coopers

framework was conducted to identify such issues. Three major categories of findings were

identified: issues related to online learners, instructors, and content development. Learners’

issues included learners’ expectations, readiness, identity, and participation in online

courses. Instructors’ issues included changing faculty roles, transitioning from face-to-face

to online, time management, and teaching styles. Content issues included the role of

instructors in content development, integration of multimedia in content, role of instructional

strategies in content development, and considerations for content development. To address

these challenges in online education, higher education institutions need to provide

professional development for instructors, trainings for learners, and technical support for

content development.

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

This chapter outlines the research methods that were used to collect data in order to

describe the challenges of gym instructors in teaching workouts online during this pandemic.

Research Design, Participants of the Study, Sampling Techniques, Data Collection and

Ethical Consideration are all described fully in this chapter.

Quantitative data were collected from 50 participants over the course of one year during

their field experiences in teaching work out physically who switch in teaching workouts

online during this pandemic. Researchers develop questions to know the challenges of gym

instructors in teaching workouts online during this pandemic in Upland, Cavite. The

researcher's presence as a factor in this study is acceptable and expected.

Research Design

This study was quantitative in nature. The researchers use descriptive design to study

the challenges of gym instructors’ and their modification adjustments in physical fitness

program. The researchers gather data using Google form questionnaire to know the

challenges of gym instructors. The relationship between the researcher and participants is

valid and should be recognized.

Research Instrument

Research instrument this questionnaire was created by the researchers and validated by

a fitness coach and two others. This is done through Google form and may consist of three

parts. Part I will ask for the demographic profile of the respondents. It will determine the

respondent age, sex and their years of expertise. Part II will be the challenges encountered

by gym instructors. This will help the respondents to determine how often they encountered

those challenges in teaching workouts online. And Part III will be the physical fitness

program to determine the respondent's modification adjustment in teaching online.

Participants of the Study

The participants of the study will be gym instructors who are teaching online workout
during this pandemic in Upland, Cavite.

The respondents are eligible to respond to the questionnaire presented in the current

study. They completed the researcher's questionnaire, which provided the researchers with

the information they need.

Sampling Technique

The researcher use convenience sampling technique. In this method, researchers will

collect data from a conveniently available pool of respondents. Questionnaires were used by

the researchers and gym instructors who are teaching online workout during this pandemic

in Upland, Cavite were the respondents in this study.

Data Collection

For the purposes of this research, Google form questionnaire were used whose aim is to

identify participant’s emotions, feelings, and opinions regarding a particular research

subject.

As far as data collection tools were concerned, the conduction of the research involved

the use of Google forms questionnaire, which was used as guide for the researcher. Some

certain questions were prepared, so as for the researcher to guide them towards the

satisfaction of research objectives.

It consists of question which is related to the respondent’s encountered challenges

during this pandemic. In the questionnaire, a table was presented that determines the

challenges encountered by gym instructors in teaching workouts online.

Statistical Treatment

Responses to the Survey tool in this study by a selected participant of Upland, Cavite

were statistically analyzed with the data requirements of the study. Descriptive statistics

such as frequency count, percentage, and rank are considered to numerically represent the

challenges encountered by gym instructors and their modification adjustment done in

teaching online workout. Frequency Distribution Table (FDT) was also used to graphically

interpret the results of statistical analysis.

For Demographic profile of the respondents;

1. Frequency & Percentage

A percentage frequency distribution is a display of data that specifies the

percentage of observations that exist for each data point or grouping of data points.
 Formula:

f
%= N * 100

Where;

f= the frequency

N= number of cases

For determining the challenges encountered by gym instructors in teaching online workout:

2. Weighted Mean, and Standard Deviation

To determine the challenges encountered by gym instructors and their modification

adjustment done in teaching online workout, the researchers will use the Likert-type scale. It

is consisted of 5 items. The received data were rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale:

Scale Mean Range Interpretation

1.00 1.80 Always

1.81 2.60 Often

2.61 3.40 Sometimes

3.41 4.20 Rarely

4.21 5.00 Never

For determining the modification adjustments done by gym instructors in physical fitness
program

3. Pearson R
Ethical Consideration

The use of human subjects is one of the most important ethical considerations in

qualitative research. According to Scales (2012), ethically sound research takes into

account the rights and the safety of the respondents that participated in a study. The ethical

consideration that the researchers should take into includes voluntary participation and

informed consent. Informed consent is a person’s agreement to participate in the study that

discloses information about the obligations and responsibilities of all involved in the process.

This also includes the procedure, risks, and benefits of the study that will help the

respondent make an informed choice (Dino, 2016). The participation of the respondents is

voluntary and the refusal to participate involved no penalties. They are also free to

discontinue at any time without any loss. 

The information that will be collected by the researcher will be treated with

confidentiality and will use for study purposes only under the Republic Act No. 10173 also

known as the “Data Privacy Act of 2012”. It aims to protect and ensure the personal

information gathered through the “Consent of the data subjects” in which the respondents

agree to the collection and processing of their personal, sensitive personal, or privileged

information. Also, consent shall be supported by written and/or electronic or recorded

means. 

Proper citation of the references was also observed for their acknowledgment. The

citation is based on the American Psychological Association (APA). The researchers did not

plagiarize any of the content on this qualitative research study. 

 Chapter 4

Presentation and Interpretation of Data

This chapter discusses the analysis, presentation and interpretation of the findings

resulting from this study. The analysis and interpretation of data is based on the results of

the questionnaire, a quantitative analysis of data. The findings are used to provide the

foundation for the conclusions in the final chapter of this study. The fourth chapter contains

the statement in accordance of the background of the respondents, description in terms of

dependent variable and confirmation of the research’s hypotheses.

Problem 1: What are the demographic profiles of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Sex

1.2 Age

1.3 Years of Expertise

Table 1.1. Demographic profiles of the respondents in terms of Sex:

Sex Frequency Percentage (%)

Male 34 68

Female 16 32

Table 1.1 represents the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents as to

their sexes. As shown in the table thirty-four (34) or 68% of the respondents were male and

sixteen (16) or 32% of the respondents are female. This table disclosed that majority of the

respondents are male.

Table1.2. Demographic profiles of the respondents in terms of Age:

Age Frequency Percentage (%)

25 below 10 20

26-28 7 14

29-32 8 16
 33-35 14 28

36 above 11 22

Table 1.2 refers to the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents

according to age. The table disclosed that there were fourteen (14) or 28% of the

respondents aged between 33-35 years old, eleven (11) or 22% of them aged between 36

and above, ten (10) or 20% of the respondents were 25 years old and below, eight (8) or

16% of them aged between 29-32 years old and seven (7) or 14% of the respondents were

26-28 years old. This table shows that majority of the respondents were 33-35 years old.

Table 1.3. Demographic profiles of the respondents in terms of Years of Expertise:

Years of Expertise Frequency Percentage (%)

1 year below 23 46

2 years 15 30

3 years 6 12

4 years 6 12

5 years and above 0 0

Table 1.3 shows the frequency and percentage distribution according to years of

expertise of the respondents. Based on the table, twenty-three (23) or 46% of the

respondents are in the field for 1 year and below and fifteen (15) or 30 % of them are gym

instructors for 2 years. It was followed by six (6) or 12 % of the respondents who were 3

years of expertise. And also another six (6) or 12 % of respondents were in the field for 4

years. This table shows that majority of the respondents were 1 year and below in years of

expertise.

Problem 2: What are the challenges encountered by gym instructors in terms of:

2.1 Scheduling

2.2 Clients

2.3 Equipment
 2.4 Internet Connection

2.5 Income

Table 2.1 Challenges encountered by gym instructors in terms of Scheduling:

Statement Mean SD Interpretation

I am having trouble organizing

2.9 6.56 Sometimes
my schedule

My schedule for work is messed

2.98 6.64 Sometimes
up by personal matters

I let my clients create their own

2.7 5.84 Sometimes
schedule for their own

convenience even if is not

favorable in my end.

2.72 5.52 Sometimes

Due to pandemic I need to do

other activities resulting to

failure when it comes to

organizing the given schedule.

I can’t handle multiple clients in

3.26 8.36 Sometimes
a day because of the schedule.

2.912 6.584 Sometimes

TOTAL

This table shows that the challenges in terms of scheduling is sometimes

encountered (M=2.192, SD= 6.584). The result of analysis show that the highest mean

value is the 5th item (M=3.26, SD 8.36), which the participants can’t handle multiple clients

in a day. Based on the data gathered, the 2nd statement which participants’ encountered that

their schedule is sometimes messed up by personal matters with a mean of (2.98, SD=

6.64). On the contrary, the 1st question which is “I am having trouble organizing my
schedule”, obtained the lowest score (M= 2.9, SD= 6.56). The mean values of all items are

located between 2.61- 3.40. Therefore, challenges in terms of scheduling is sometimes

encountered by the gym instructor (M=2.192, SD= 6.584).

Table 2.2 Challenges encountered by gym instructors in terms of Clients:

Statement Mean SD Interpretation

3.76 11.52 Rarely

I am victimized by unpaying

clients.

2.82 6.52 Sometimes

High standard clients that

demand a lot.

3.24 8.16 Sometimes

Encountered a rude client.

2.54 5.2 Often

Need to adjust with the client’s

wants and needs even it is not

favorable to me.

3.6 10.88 Rarely

Fooled by fake clients.

TOTAL 3.192 8.456 Sometimes

This table shows the challenges encountered by gym instructors in terms of client.

Based on the data gathered some of the respondents rarely victimized by unpaying clients

and also considered with a highest mean value (3.76, M= 11.52). The 5th question which is

“Fooled by fake clients” is obtained the second highest score (M=3.6, SD= 10.88).

Moreover, the table shows that participants are sometimes encountered rude client and

obtained the lowest score (M= 3.24, SD= 8.16). The mean values of all items are located

between 2.61- 3.40. This implies that the participants are sometimes encountered the

challenges on terms of clients with the (M= 3.192, SD= 8.456)

Table 2.3 Challenges encountered by gym instructors in terms of Equipment:

Statement Mean SD Interpretation

3.4 9.28 Sometimes

I fail to demonstrate a certain

exercise due to lack of

materials.

2.7 5.76 Sometimes

Made a do-it-yourself

equipment.

2.38 4.16 Often

I use alternative equipment

found at home.

3.48 9.56 Rarely

I fail to demonstrate certain

exercise due to my

substandard and fragile

equipment.

3.32 8.72 Sometimes

Equipment is expensive so I

don’t have one.

TOTAL 3.056 7.496 SOMETIMES

Based on the outcome shows in Table 2.3, the challenges in terms of equipment is

sometimes encountered (M=3.056, SD=7.496). The result shows that the highest mean

value (M=3.48, SD=13.04) is in the 4th item, which the participants failed in demonstrating a

certain exercise due to substandard and fragile equipment. In the contrary. The 2nd

statement is often encountered by the participants which is "Made a do-it yourself

equipment" obtained the lowest score (M= 2.7, SD=5.76). In short some of the gym

instructors sometimes encountered challenges towards online teaching. The mean values of

all items are located between 2.61 to 3.40. Therefore, the challenges in terms of equipment

is sometimes encountered with the (M= 3.056, SD= 7.496)

Table 2.4 Challenges encountered by gym instructors in terms of Internet
Connection:

Statement Mean SD Interpretation

2.92 6.32 Sometimes

I encounter poor internet

connection during classes.

2.46 4.52 Often

My internet speed slows

down when there is a

weather disturbance.

3.14 7.6 Sometimes

Clients complain about my

internet connectivity.

2.72 6.04 Sometimes

When other household

members are using the

internet the same instant as

mine, it slows down.

2.96 6.48 Sometimes

My clients are suffering poor

internet connection during

sessions.

TOTAL 2.84 6.192 SOMETIMES

This table shows the challenges encountered by gym instructors in terms of internet

connection. Based on the data gathered some of the respondents sometimes encountered

clients’ complain about the internet connectivity with a highest mean value (M= 3.14, SD=

7.6). The 5th question, “My clients are suffering poor internet connection during sessions” is

obtained the second highest score (M=2.96, SD=6.48). Moreover, the table shows that

participants often encountered the 2nd question and obtained the lowest score (M= 3.24,

SD= 8.16). The mean values of all items are located between 2.61- 3.40. Therefore, the

challenges in terms of internet connection is sometimes encountered with the (M= 2.84,

SD= 6.192).
Table 2. 5 Challenges encountered by gym instructors in terms of Income :

Statement Mean SD Interpretation

2.74 5.68 Sometimes

I accumulate inconsistent

monthly income.

2.76 5.88 Sometimes

Internet fees were taken from

my income that makes it

even lower.

2.74 5.6 Sometimes

I settle with low payment due

to current setting.

2.6 4.8 Often

Maintenance of the

equipment I use were all

taken from my income.

2.28 3.84 Often

I need to maintain my

physical self even I spend a

lot from my income.

TOTAL 2.624 5.16 SOMETIMES

This table shows the challenges encountered by gym instructors in terms of income.

Based on the data gathered some of the respondents sometimes encountered that their

internet fees were taken from their income and with a highest mean value of (M= 2.76, SD=

5.88). The 1st question, “I accumulate inconsistent monthly income” with the mean (2.74,

SD= 5.68) and 3rd question, “I settle with low payment due to current setting.” are second

highest score (M=2.74, SD=5.6). Moreover, the table shows that participants often

encountered the 5th question and obtained the lowest score (M= 2.28, SD= 3.84). The mean

values of all items are located between 2.61- 3.40. Therefore, the challenges in terms of

income is sometimes encountered with the (M= 2.624, SD= 5.16)

Problem 3. What are the modification adjustments done by gym instructors in physical
fitness program?

Statement Mean SD Interpretation

2.06 3.48 Often

1. Assess the client using

PAR-Q.

2.18 3.88 Often

2. I participate in vigorous

aerobic activity for 20

minutes, 3x a day.

2.1 3.48 Often

3. I participate in strength

training exercises two or

more days per week.

2.08 3.36 Often

4. I perform flexibility

exercises a minimum of 2x a

week.

2.04 3.64 Often

5. Stretching is part of my

regular program.

TOTAL 2.092 3.568 OFTEN

This table shows the result of modification adjustments done by gym instructors in

physical fitness program, The analysis shows that the 2nd item has the highest mean and

SD which the (m=2.18, SD=3.88). On the other hand, the item has the least mean and SD is

the 5th item which is (m=2.04, SD=3.64). The mean values of all items are located between

1.81 -2.60. In conclusion, the analysis shows that challenges in fitness level is often

encountered by gym instructors (m=2.092, SD=3.568).

 Relationship between Challenges Encountered by Gym Instructors and
Physical Fitness Program

Challenges Fitness Program

Challenges Pearson 1 .892*
Correlation
  Sig. (2-tailed)   0.042
  N 5 5
Fitness Program Pearson .892* 1
Correlation
  Sig. (2-tailed) 0.042  
  N 5 5

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

The table shows that challenges and fitness program. Since r= 0.892 it implies high

correlation and marked relationship; ρ=0.042 is less than the level of significance 0.05, it

means there is significant relationship between the level of readiness in challenges

encountered by gym instructors and physical fitness program.