 Personality is derived from “persona” means

“theatrical mask”.
 It is a uniqueness of an individual.
 Personality refer to an “attribute that people
possess in varying amounts.”
 In common parlance personality is “what
makes one individual different from one
another”.
 Personality is a dynamic organization within
an individual of those psycho-physical system
that determines his unique adjustment to his
environment.
 Personality is fixed as well as dynamic,
inherited as well as acquired.
 It refers to mind in particular and the mind in
general.
 A sum total of all the biological innate
dispositions, impulses, tendencies and
instincts of the individual acquired by
experience.
 It is a person’s character, temperament,
intellect and physique which determine his
unique adjustment to the environment.
 Guildford (1967)- “an individual unique pattern
of traits”
 Dr. S Radhakrishna-“Personality is the union
of our acts and potentialities, a complex unity
of body, mind and spirit. It is the symbol of
human integrity of a constant and unique form
created in the midst of incessant flux.
{Midst: in the middle; Incessant: Continue
without pause or interruption; Flux: Process
of flowing}
 Personality usually refers to the distinctive
patterns of behaviour.
 KEY CONCEPTS OF PERSONALITY ARE:
 Personality is a dynamic concept. It cannot be
confined to certain inherited traits, tendencies
and attributes. The inner core personality may
refer to inherited qualities and
characteristics.
 Individuality is key in personality.
 The unique personality emerges out of a
interaction between genetic potential and the
environment.
 Various aspects of personality- body, mind,
intelligence, spirit, culture, society are highly
interactive and completely integrated.
1. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
 Heredity refers to those factors that were
determined at conception.
 Physical Stature, facial attractiveness, sex,
temperament, muscle composition and
reflexes, energy level and biological rhythms
are characteristics that are considered to be
inherent from one’s parent.
 In sports performance the physical status
acquired genetically benefits.
 As rightly said “sprinters are not made , they
are born” means that genetic potential has a
major impact in sports.
2. CULTURAL FACTOR
{Culture: It is a complex whole which includes
knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, customs and
any other capabilities acquired by man as a
member of society.}
 The culture largely determines attributes
towards independence, aggression,
competition and cooperation.
 According to Paul M Mussen- “Each culture
expects, trains, its members to behave in the
ways that are acceptable to the group.
  The personality of an individual to a marked
extent is determined by the culture in which
he or she is bought up.
 It follows that a person bought up in a
western culture has different personality
from a person in western family.
 The cultural factor highly defines the eating
habits of a sports person which has a effect
on person.
 Also it can be observed from the level of
independence granted to individual specially
women in different cultures.
3. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
 Environment factors include land, river,
mountains, hills, forests, plain areas,
atmosphere etc. which affect the personality
to be good or bad, healthy or weak.
 All the feelings, emotions, ideas, attitudes,
habits and behaviour as well as body,
structure is a result of physical environment
of to which an individual belongs.
 Example: Colour, body structure, and health of
the rural people are different from urban
people.
 These people have different environment due
to which they develop variety of personalities.
  The people living in cities have facilities and
modern ways of life which creates to develop
delicate bodies and mind as compare to the
rural people who are deprived of these
facilities.
 In sports it can be observed that people living
in high altitudes have greater endurance
capabilities due to their ability in working in
lack of oxygen.
4. FAMILY FACTORS
 The family has the most significant impact
on early personality development
specifically in childhood period.
 The overall home environment created by
the parents in addition to their direct
influences is critical to personality
development.
 Example: Children raised in a conserved
home are much more likely to be socially
and emotionally not adjusted than the
children rose by parents in a loving and
stimulating environment.
 In sports Children raised in free and sports
specific environment are much more likely
to have a better sports career.
5. SOCIAL FACTORS
  This has the most influence on an individual’s
personality.
 When an individual interact with other
persons in his/her group, give and take
relationship takes place and it affects the
personality of an individual
 Social factors of personality are responsible
for the formation of personality, when an
individual has group experience and contact
with others, personality of an individual is
influenced positively or negatively depending
on association.
 For Example: In our society Youngers are
expected to be respectful for elders.
 It is significantly observed our habits and
personality are similar to our social circle.
 In sports if the people are determined
towards performance, teamwork,
coordination and combination there will better
performance.
6. SITUATIONAL FACTORS
 Situational factors of personality also have a
complete share in the formation of
personality of an individual.
 An individual’s personality, while generally
stable and consistent does change in different
situations.
 The different demands of different situations
all for different aspects of one’s personality.
 According to Milgram-“Situation exerts an
important pressure on the individuals. It
exercise constraints and may provide push.”
 In sports playing against a better team
requires to be more focused and playing
against low level team doesn’t put a lot of
pressure and changes.