MPN 301: MASTERY IN PROFESSIONAL

Name: BANAGEN, PHILIP B. C.I: MICHAEL RUIZ

NURSING COURSE 1 (Theory)
Group: BSN3B - 2A NURSING THEORIST Date: June 11,2021

THEORIST THEORY DESCRIPTION

This theory is about using environment or creating sanitary
conditions for patients to get care. It is to use the patient’s
Environmental environment to help him/her recover. Some environmental
1. Florence Nightingale
Theory factors affecting health according to Nightingale’s theory
are fresh air, sufficient food and appropriate nutrition,
efficient drainage, cleanliness, and light or direct sunlight.
This theory emphasizes the nurse-client relationship as the
foundation of nursing practice. It has four components
namely the person, which is a developing organism that
tries to reduce anxiety caused by needs; environment,
which consists of existing forces outside of the person and
Interpersonal
2. Hildegard Peplau put in the context of culture; health, which is a word
Relation Theory
symbol that implies a forward movement of personality and
nursing, which is a significant therapeutic interpersonal
process that functions cooperatively with another human
process that makes health possible for individuals in
communities.
In this model, nursing aims to promote adaptation and
maintain wholeness using the four principles of
conservation. The core of the conservation model is to
improve a person’s physical and emotional well-being by
3. Myra Estrin Levine Conservation Model
considering the four domains of conservation namely the
conservation of energy, conservation of structural integrity,
conservation of personal integrity and conservation of
social integrity of the individual.
The theory focuses on each “individual’s ability to perform
self-care, defined as ‘the practice of activities that
individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf in
maintaining life, health, and well-being”. This theory is
Self-care Deficit
4. Dorothea Orem composed of three interrelated theories: (1) the theory of
Theory
self-care, (2) the self-care deficit theory, and (3) the theory
of nursing systems, which is further classified into wholly
compensatory, partially compensatory and supportive-
educative.
The theory focuses on the attainment of certain life goals.
Theory of Goal It explains that the nurse and patient go hand-in-hand in
5. Imogene King
Attainment communicating information, set goals together, and then
take actions to achieve those goals.
The theory aims to explain or define the provision of
nursing. In her theory, Roy’s model sees the individual as
6. Sister Callista Roy Adaptation Model
a set of interrelated systems that maintain a balance
between these various stimuli.
This theory emphasizes the importance of the total patient
Care, Core, Cure rather than looking at one part or aspect. There is also an
7. Lydia Hall
Theory emphasis on all three aspects of the theory, the three Cs,
functioning together.
The Need Theory emphasizes the importance of
increasing the patient’s independence to hasten their
8. Virginia Henderson Need theory progress in the hospital and focus on the basic human
needs so that progress after hospitalization would not be
delayed.
This theory involves knowing and understanding different
cultures concerning nursing and health-illness caring
practices, beliefs, and values to provide meaningful and
Transcultural Nursing
efficacious nursing care services to people’s cultural
9. Madeliene Leininger Theory or Culture
values health-illness context. It focuses on the fact that
Care Theory
different cultures have different caring behaviors and
different health and illness values, beliefs, and patterns of
behaviors.
10. Rosemarie Rizzo Human Becoming This theory guides nurses to focus on quality of life from
Parse Theory each person’s own perspective as the goal of nursing. It
 presents an alternative to most of the other theories of
nursing, which take a bio-medical or bio-psycho-social-
spiritual approach. It is a combination of biological,
psychological, sociological, and spiritual factors, and states
that a person is a unitary being in continuous interaction
with his or her environment. It is centered around three
themes: meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence.
This theory is considered a human needs theory. It was
formulated to be an instrument for nursing education, so it
most suitable and useful in that field. The nursing model is
21 Nursing Problems
11. Faye Glenn Abdellah intended to guide care in hospital institutions but can also
Theory
be applied to community health nursing, as well. It has an
interrelated concept of health, nursing problem and
problem-solving.
This theory advocates the fostering of efficient and
effective behavioral functioning in the patient to prevent
illness. The patient is identified as a behavioral system
composed of seven behavioral subsystems: affiliative,
dependency, ingestive, eliminative, sexual, aggressive,
Behavioral system
12. Dorothy Johnson and achievement. Each subsystem’s three functional
Model
requirements include protection from noxious influences,
provision for a nurturing environment, and stimulation for
growth. An imbalance in any of the behavioral subsystems
results in disequilibrium. It is nursing’s role to assist the
client in returning to a state of equilibrium.
The theory views nursing as both a science and an art as it
provides a way to view the unitary human being, who is
Science of Unitary
integral with the universe. The unitary human being and
13. Martha Rogers Human Beings
his or her environment are one. Nursing focuses on people
(SUHB)
and the manifestations that emerge from the mutual
human-environmental field process.
A systems model that views patients holistically. It focuses
on the patient system’s response to actual or potential
environmental stressors and maintains the client system’s
Neuman Systems stability through primary, secondary, and tertiary nursing
14. Betty Neuman
Model prevention interventions to reduce stressors. It views the
client as an open system that responds to stressors in the
environment. The client variables are physiological,
psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual.
This theory stresses the reciprocal relationship between
patient and nurse. What the nurse and the patient say and
Deliberative Nursing
15. Ida Jean Orlando do affects them both. The Deliberative Nursing Process
Process Theory
has five stages: assessment, diagnosis, planning,
implementation, and evaluation.
This theory identifies the patient as “any individual who is
receiving help of some kind, be it care, instruction or
advice from a member of the health profession or from a
worker in the field of health.” A patient is any person who
16. Ernestine The helping Art of
has entered the healthcare system and is receiving help,
Wiedenbach Clinical Nursing
which means he or she does not need to be ill. A person
receiving health-related education would qualify as a
patient. It identifies four main elements in clinical nursing: a
philosophy, a purpose, a practice, and the art.
This theory is concerned with how nurses express care to
their patients. It stresses the humanistic aspects of nursing
as they intertwine with scientific knowledge and nursing
Philosophy and practice. It also states that “nursing is concerned with
Theory of promoting health, preventing illness, caring for the sick,
17. Jean Watson
Transpersonal caring and restoring health.” It focuses on health promotion, as
or Caring Science well as the treatment of diseases. There are 10 caring
needs specific carative factors critical to the caring human
experience that need to be addressed by nurses with their
patients when in a caring role.
The main concepts of the nursing theory are suffering,
Human-to-Human meaning, nursing, hope, communications, self-therapy,
18. Joyce Travelbee
Relationship Model and a targeted intellectual approach. In this theory, health
is both subjective and objective. Subjective health is an
 individually-defined state of well-being in accordance with
self-appraisal of the physical-emotional-spiritual status.
Objective health, on the other hand, is the absence of any
discernible disease, disability, or defect as measured by
physical examination, lab tests, and assessment by a
spiritual director or psychological counselor. This theory
has greatly influenced hospice nursing in that hospice
nurses focus on the relationships with their patients to
improve quality of life.
The theorists believed nursing education should be
founded in experience,
and that a nurse’s training should focus as much on the
nurse’s ability to relate to and interact with patients as a
19. Josephine Paterson
Humanistic Model scientific and medical background. The theory looks at the
and Loretta Zderad
patient as an individual, and each situation as unique. In
this nursing approach, there is no formulaic method or
process in order to care for patients. Each patient is
assessed and treated on a case-by-case basis.
This theory was stimulated by concern for those for whom
the absence of disease or disability is not possible. It
claims that every person in every situation, regardless of
Health as Expanding how disordered and hopeless it may seem, is part of the
20. Margaret Newman
Consciousness universal process of expanding consciousness, which is a
process of becoming more of oneself, finding greater
meaning in life, and of reaching new dimensions of
connectedness with other people and the world.
This concept explains that nurses develop skills and an
understanding of patient care over time from a combination
of a strong educational foundation and personal
From Novice to experiences. The theory identifies five levels of nursing
21. Patricia Benner
Expert experience: novice, advanced beginner, competent,
proficient, and expert. Each step builds on the previous
step as principles are refined and expanded by experience
and clinical expertise.
The most basic premise of the theory is that all humans
are caring persons, that to be human is to be called to live
one's innate caring nature. The theory is grounded in
several key assumptions: persons are caring by virtue of
Nursing As Caring: A
22. Anne Boykin and their humanness; persons live their caring moment to
model for
Savina Schoenhofer moment; persons are whole or complete in the moment;
transforming Practice
personhood is living life grounded in caring; personhood is
enhanced through participating in nurturing relationships
with caring others; nursing is both a discipline and a
profession
This model is based on Martha Rogers’ theory of Unitary
Human Beings. It is a construct to assist with the
professional practice of nursing. The theory states the fact
that human development is centered along a variety of
Life Perspective rhythms that allow humans to learn to communicate and
23. Joyce Fitzpatrick
rhythm Model interact with others. Nursing uses these rhythms to
achieve maximum wellness for clients. The theorist
believes that human development has rhythms that cover
four major areas: Person, Health, Wellness-Illness and
Metaparadigm.
The theorist values the effect of retirement as a phase of
one’s life and its accompanying adjustments. She
identified the determinants of positive perceptions in
retirement and positive reactions toward role
discontinuities. Health status, income, work status, family
Theory Of
constellation and self-preparation are identified. The
24. Sr. Letty Kuan Retirement And Role
theorist think that the most determinant factor of which is
Discontinuities
the self-preparation considering that all the factors are also
important. Self-preparation is important especially in
dealing with difficult life transitions. It is a way of preparing
for the adjustments that we need to deal with in entering to
a new stage of life.
25. Carmencita Abaquin Prepare Me These are the nursing interventions provided to address
 the multi-dimensional problems of cancer patients that can
be given in any setting where patients choose to be
confined. This program emphasizes a holistic approach to
nursing care. PREPARE ME has the following
components: presence, Reminisce therapy, prayer,
Relaxation Breathing Technique, Meditation, and values
Clarification.
CASAGRA transformative leadership model have concepts
of leadership from a psycho-spiritual point of view,
CASAGRA designed to lead to radical change from apathy or
26. Sister Carolina
Transformative indifference to a spiritual person. This model is a three-fold
Agravante
Leadership Model transformation leadership concept rolled into one,
comprising of the following elements: Servant-leader
spirituality, Self-Mastery, and Special expertise.
These are sets of behaviors or nursing measures that the
nurse demonstrates to selected patients. COMPOSURE is
27. Carmelita COMPOSURE
an acronym which stands for COMpetence, Presence and
Divinagracia Behaviors
Prayer, Open-mindedness, Stimulation, Understanding,
Respect and Relaxation, Empathy.
ARUGA( Aruga,
Ugat, Galing) Theory
28. Michael Leocadio
and the Therapeutic
Rapport Theory

Sources:
 https://nurseslabs.com/nursing-theories
 https://nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/life-perspective-rhythm-
model.php#:~:text=Life%20Perspective%20Rhythm%20Model%20is,theory%20of%20Unitary%20Hum
an%20Beings.&text=Fitzpatrick%20has%20built%20her%20nursing,the%20delivery%20of%20nursing
%20care.
 https://nursing-theory.org
 https://library.stritch.edu/Guides/Research/Subject-Resources/Nursing-Theorists-Boykin-and-
Schoenhofer
 https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Theory-of-Letty-Kuan-FKNZ92LK6ZZA
 https://www.academia.edu/37549548/Sister_Carolina_Agravante
 https://www.academia.edu/37549542/Carmelita_Divinagracia_pptx