Cdid
did 6 Gue
Guell ^dt
^dtrl
rld
d

Idtauh
Idtauh 6 Alild
Alild Olsla
Olslad
d

^-4 ODWID^L MA^UMC^L

4) Edhdi prksms lceust

lceustrl
rl cltrk`mc
cltrk`mc ydc`
ydc` elpdcdsa
elpdcdsadc
dc sdipdl
sdipdl =22 a edhdi wdedj
wdedj gmrvkhu
gmrvkhuim
im tmtdp.
tmtdp.

Flad `ds tmrsmgut imidsual wdedj pded tmadcdc 422dti edc tmipmrdtur >22 a, gmrdpd

tmadcdc ydc` elhdauadc pded tmipmrdtur c``l;

Fdwdgdc 6

R4 9 422dti

U4 9 >22A

U7 9 =22A

R79.......;

 R 4  R 7
 9
U 
U 44 U 7
U 7
R7 9   Z R4
U 4
=22 A 
  9   x422dti
>22 A 

  9 4??,0 dti

7) ^u
^udt
dtu
u slhl
slhlce
cemr
mr gmr
gmrls `ds C7 ydc` gmrpktmcsl pded 472dti edc tmipmrdtur 72kN. Dpdglhd elguad
lsll `ds

tutupcyd C7 dadc imcmipd sudtu rudc` emc`dc vkhuim 722 ei> pded 72kN edc 4dti.

Gmrdpdadj vkhuim slhlcemr;

Fdwdgdc 6

R4 9 4dti

R7 9 472dti

_49 722 ei>

_7 9 .....;

 R 4 _ 4  R 7 _  7
 7
 9
c 4 U 4 c 7 U  7
 7

 R 4 _   4
4
_7 9
 p 7
>
4 x 722 ei
  9
472 dti
  9 4,?0 ei>

>) Gmrdpdadj
Gmrdpdadj tmadcdc
tmadcdc ydc` eltmctuadc imcmadc 5,75 ei> `ds pded 547 tkrr imcfdel 4,=?
eltmctuadc uctua imcmadc

ei> edhdi amdeddc lsktmrils;

Fdwdgdc 6

_4 9 5,75 ei>

R4 9 547 tmrr
 

_79 4,=? ei>

R7 9 .....;

R4. _4 9 R7 _7

 R 4 _   4
4
R7 9
_   7
7

547  x 5,75
  9
4,=?

  9 444<,: tkrr

5) ^mfuihdj
^mfuihdj `ds tmrtmctu
tmrtmctu `ds elmaspmc
elmaspmcsl
sl edrl tmadcdc
tmadcdc 0?2
0?2 tkrr imcfdel
imcfdel 7=2 tkrr
tkrr pded tmipmrdtu
tmipmrdturr

tmtdp. Glhd vkhuim tmtdp iuhd iuhd dedhdj 42ei >. Jltuc`hdj vkhuim dajlr;

Fdwdgdc 6

R4 9 7=2 tkrr

R7 9 0?2 tkrr

_49 42 ei>

_7 9 .....;

R4. _4 9 R7 _7

_7 9  R 4 _ 4
 R 7
>
7=2 tkrrx 42 ei
 9
0?2 tkrr
  9 >,7< ei>

=) @ds smipurcd
smipurcd >52A elpdcdsad
elpdcdsadc
c pded tmadcdc
tmadcdc tmtdp sdipdl
sdipdl vkhuimcyd
vkhuimcyd gmrtdigdj
gmrtdigdj 45%.
45%. Gmrdpd

tmipmrdtur dajlr `ds;

Fdwdgdc 6

U4  9 >52A

_kh 9 Z+45%

U7 9 ...;
_ 4 _ 7
9 Ils 6 Z9 4H
U 4 U 7

 x  x + 45 %
 9
>52 A  U 7

4 H 4,45  H
 9
>52 A  U 7
U7 9 >:0,? A

?) ^dipmh 7==i` `ds

`ds cmkc
cmkc imcmipd
imcmipd >,22
>,22 H. Rded
Rded 477A.
477A. @ucdadc
@ucdadc juaui
juaui `ds smipurc
smipurcd
d uctua
uctua

imc`jltuc` tmadcdc `ds.

Fdwdgdc 6

R_ 9 cWU
 

i
c9
 Ir
7== i`
  9  9 7=,= i`/ikh 9 2,27== `/ikh
42

W 9 2,227 H Dti/ikh A

cWU 
R9
_ 

2,7==   `  , x 2,2:7 x 477 A 

  9 ikh
> H

  9 2,2:=dti

0) Wdpdtdc
Wdpdtdc sudtu ndipur
ndipurdc
dc `ds dedhdj
dedhdj 4,7> `/H
`/H pded >>2A edc
edc 4=2 tkrr. Gmrdpd
Gmrdpd idssd
idssd ikhdr
ikhdr

ndipurdc tmrsmgut;

Fdwdgdc 6

_ 4 _ 7
9
U 4 U 7
 τ _i 9 WU

 τ  9  WU 
_i
 τ  9 4,7> `/H 9 4,7> x 42∗>  a`/i>
U 9»>>2A
 R9 »4=2 tkrr 9 4=2 iiJ` 9 2,<dti
i
cWU    WU   τ
 R9 »   9  I   9 WU
_   I 
_ 
∗> >
4,7> x 42 . :,>4 x 42 .>>2 A 
2,4< 9
2,4<  9
 I 
  I 9 400<7,0:

:) Edhdi
Edhdi sudtu
sudtu maspmrli
maspmrlimc
mc uctua
uctua imc`jltu
imc`jltuc`
c` idssd
idssd ikhdr sudtu `ds, >22 ni > `ds eltmipdtadc
sudtu `ds,

edhdi tdguc`
tdguc` `ds. Umadcdccyd
Umadcdccyd 4=7 tkrr pded 7<:A edc smtmhdj elakrmasl
elakrmasl moma edy
edyd
d dpuc`

idssd `ds 9 >>,= i`. Gmrdpd idssd ikhdr `ds;

Fdwdgdc 6

_ 9 7=2 ni> 9 2,7= H 9 2,7=x42∗>

R 9 4=7 tkrr 9 2,7 dti

U 9 7<: A

Edyd dpuc` idssd `ds 9 >>,= i`9 >>,=x42∗>

@x 9 >>,= i`

R_ 9 cWU

 R_ 
 9 c
 WU 
 

∗>
2,7 dti. 2,7= x 42
c 9 ∗>
:,>4  x 42 . 7<: A 
∗>
2,2= x 42
c9
750?,>:

c9 7,24< x 42∗ :

c9 7 x 42∗:

`r
c 9  Dr

∗>
∗: >>,= x 42
7 x 42  9
 Dr
Dr 9 4?,0= x 42=